The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior

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Voter Registration 1952-2004
PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED :      'Voted (Registered)/ Registered Nonvoter'


  % OF GROUP: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Males 86 ** 87 ** 89 ** 88 ** 88 ** 92 ** 84 71 81 78 82 73 82 70 84 74 86 78 86 89 89
Females 77 ** 78 ** 80 ** 84 ** 83 ** 89 ** 78 73 77 76 81 75 78 69 80 78 86 83 83 84 90
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Whites 86 ** 85 ** 87 ** 88 ** 86 ** 90 ** 81 74 80 78 83 76 81 71 84 78 87 81 86 87 90
Blacks 38 ** 47 ** 56 ** 75 ** 79 ** 93 ** 76 65 81 80 77 72 77 72 80 72 82 79 84 80 92
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Grade School 71 ** 73 ** 74 ** 80 ** 78 ** 83 ** 73 67 69 66 68 64 69 66 70 59 69 79 75 67 68
High School 86 ** 83 ** 87 ** 86 ** 86 ** 89 ** 76 67 74 73 76 67 71 62 74 67 79 75 77 81 85
Some College, no Degree 93 ** 93 ** 89 ** 94 ** 86 ** 97 ** 89 78 83 81 88 80 87 74 88 84 90 80 88 88 92
College Degree/ Post-grad 96 ** 95 ** 97 ** 92 ** 93 ** 96 ** 92 86 94 91 95 88 97 87 95 91 97 93 96 96 98
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Income 0-16 Percentile 65 ** 69 ** 73 ** 77 ** 76 ** 85 ** 68 65 69 70 64 63 62 57 66 62 72 72 67 ** 83
Income 17-33 Percentile 79 ** 75 ** 76 ** 82 ** 77 ** 87 ** 78 66 75 69 77 68 77 65 75 70 79 74 83 ** 84
Income 34-67 Percentile 82 ** 84 ** 86 ** 86 ** 88 ** 89 ** 79 72 78 77 83 75 82 68 84 77 84 81 83 ** 91
Income 68-95 Percentile 89 ** 89 ** 89 ** 92 ** 92 ** 95 ** 86 77 88 86 90 81 88 79 91 83 94 86 94 ** 97
Income 96-100 Percentile 100 ** 95 ** 100 ** 94 ** 97 ** 100 ** 94 86 92 83 95 84 96 82 92 90 100 91 97 ** 97
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Professionals 94 ** 94 ** 92 ** 91 ** 93 ** 95 ** 91 85 92 87 94 87 92 83 91 85 94 91 92 ** 96
White Collar 88 ** 88 ** 93 ** 93 ** 89 ** 94 ** 85 72 80 78 85 79 84 73 86 80 90 80 86 ** 91
Blue Collar 82 ** 80 ** 84 ** 86 ** 82 ** 89 ** 75 64 73 72 74 65 70 63 77 70 78 75 79 ** 84
Unskilled 62 ** 74 ** 85 ** 81 ** 80 ** 92 ** 72 54 73 68 74 61 74 57 74 63 71 75 84 ** 67
Farmers 84 ** 82 ** 89 ** 76 ** 79 ** 94 ** 78 68 83 77 73 70 78 62 67 64 85 93 91 ** 95
Housewives 79 ** 77 ** 75 ** 83 ** 84 ** 87 ** 75 74 74 75 77 71 78 68 77 73 81 82 82 ** 90
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Union Households 81 ** 84 ** 82 ** 88 ** 85 ** 92 ** 86 76 82 80 85 76 82 76 88 83 90 86 90 90 95
Non-Union Households 81 ** 81 ** 85 ** 86 ** 85 ** 90 ** 79 71 78 76 81 73 80 69 81 74 85 79 84 86 88
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
South 60 ** 69 ** 75 ** 76 ** 80 ** 86 ** 75 69 78 75 77 68 73 64 75 71 80 77 82 82 87
Nonsouth 87 ** 86 ** 87 ** 89 ** 87 ** 92 ** 82 73 79 78 83 77 83 73 85 79 89 83 86 88 90
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 85 48 79 56 73 71 82
Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 63 57 67 56 62 53 72 66 81 78 82 88 89
Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 ** 68 ** 87 ** 73 62 73 74 82 70 82 73 84 82 87 83 88 88 93
Born 1927-1942 68 ** 69 ** 75 ** 81 ** 84 ** 92 ** 85 79 84 82 87 85 86 81 88 86 90 91 91 93 94
Born 1911-1926 79 ** 83 ** 87 ** 89 ** 92 ** 93 ** 87 83 86 86 87 87 89 83 87 84 92 89 89 91 91
Born 1895-1910 85 ** 86 ** 86 ** 91 ** 88 ** 91 ** 84 81 85 77 79 82 83 72 86 73 89 100 100 100 **
Born before 1895 86 ** 86 ** 87 ** 88 ** 80 ** 88 ** 62 85 60 71 100 100 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Democrats (incl leaners) 80 ** 83 ** 85 ** 86 ** 86 ** 92 ** 83 74 82 81 82 78 82 74 84 78 85 83 88 86 91
Independents & Apoliticals 58 ** 64 ** 60 ** 63 ** 68 ** 73 ** 64 50 57 46 65 48 56 49 69 54 61 67 64 67 71
Republicans (incl leaners) 89 ** 86 ** 91 ** 92 ** 90 ** 94 ** 84 81 84 83 86 78 84 71 85 80 92 82 88 91 93
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 95 ** 86 74 85 84 87 79 80 78 87 82 91 81 93 88 93
Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 92 ** 82 74 83 83 83 74 84 74 86 76 84 78 88 92 88
Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 94 ** 89 80 85 85 90 82 89 76 88 84 94 87 92 90 94

    ___   (underline) indicates 50 or fewer total respondents within group
    **     indicates question not asked or no cases within group


Table 6A.1.2
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table
NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3

(Table generated: 09DEC05)