THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Important Difference in What Democratic and Republican Parties Stand For 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'DK' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 5 ** ** ** 2 ** 0 2 3 ** 6 ** 5 ** 5 ** 4 6 4 4 3 7 1 1 2 ** 3 0 Females 12 ** ** ** 9 ** 1 6 6 ** 14 ** 14 ** 11 ** 11 11 7 9 7 8 2 4 3 ** 6 3 Whites 8 ** ** ** 5 ** 1 4 4 ** 10 ** 10 ** 7 ** 7 8 5 6 4 6 1 2 2 ** 4 1 Blacks 17 ** ** ** 15 ** 0 4 4 ** 15 ** 12 ** 13 ** 11 10 8 6 8 8 2 4 4 ** 5 2 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 12 ** ** ** 11 ** 1 4 6 ** 19 ** 19 ** 19 ** 17 20 13 9 9 17 7* 4 15 ** 19* 8* High School Diploma 7 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 5 5 ** 11 ** 12 ** 10 ** 9 10 7 8 8 8 2 4 3 ** 7 3 Some College, no Degree 6 ** ** ** 0 ** 1 2 2 ** 4 ** 5 ** 4 ** 5 4 3 4 3 7 0 2 1 ** 3 1 College Degree/ Post-grad 1 ** ** ** 2 ** 1 4 2 ** 3 ** 4 ** 0 ** 4 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 ** 0 0 Income 0-16 Percentile 19 ** ** ** 15 ** 0 5 5 ** 17 ** 18 ** 16 ** 12 13 11 12 8 10 2 5 5 ** 8 4 Income 17-33 Percentile 8 ** ** ** 10 ** 2 9 5 ** 13 ** 13 ** 10 ** 12 15 5 3 8 8 4 2 1 ** 4 1 Income 34-67 Percentile 7 ** ** ** 5 ** 0 5 5 ** 11 ** 9 ** 7 ** 6 6 6 7 5 7 2 3 3 ** 4 2 Income 68-95 Percentile 4 ** ** ** 3 ** 1 2 2 ** 5 ** 5 ** 4 ** 5 3 3 4 2 6 0 1 1 ** 3 0 Income 96-100 Percentile 5 ** ** ** 0 ** 0 6 2 ** 0* ** 5 ** 3 ** 2 3* 2* 5* 2 3 0* 1 1 ** 0 1 Professionals 2 ** ** ** 0 ** 0 ** 2 ** 3 ** 4 ** 2 ** 3 3 3 4 2 5 0 1 1 ** 1 ** White Collar 5 ** ** ** 4 ** 1 ** 3 ** 9 ** 10 ** 8 ** 8 9 5 8 5 8 0 3 2 ** 6 ** Blue Collar 6 ** ** ** 3 ** 1 ** 5 ** 11 ** 9 ** 9 ** 9 11 8 6 5 9 3 2 2 ** 8 ** Unskilled 14 ** ** ** 3* ** 0* ** 5* ** 6* ** 5 ** 13* ** 0* 23* 2* 3* 4* 10 0* 0* 6* ** 0* ** Farmers 9 ** ** ** 12 ** 0 ** 7 ** 16* ** 17 ** 7* ** 15* 6* 0 9* 8 14* 0* 0* 4* ** 0* ** Housewives 13 ** ** ** 13 ** 1 ** 6 ** 16 ** 19 ** 17 ** 11 9 8 8 10 6 3 8 2 ** 6 ** Union Households 7 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 4 3 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 ** 7 4 6 2 3 5 2 3 3 ** 6 1 Non-Union Households 9 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 4 5 ** 10 ** 11 ** 9 ** 8 10 6 7 6 8 2 3 2 ** 4 2 South 16 ** ** ** 13 ** 0 3 5 ** 12 ** 17 ** 12 ** 12 12 6 8 7 8 3 4 3 ** 5 2 Nonsouth 7 ** ** ** 4 ** 1 4 4 ** 10 ** 8 ** 7 ** 7 7 6 6 4 7 1 2 2 ** 4 1 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 8 7* 2 2 ** 7 1 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 ** 13 11 7 9 6 8 1 1 2 ** 3 2 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* 7 5 ** 10 ** 9 ** 8 ** 5 8 5 5 4 6 1 4 2 ** 5 1 Born 1927-1942 14 ** ** ** 10 ** 1 6 5 ** 7 ** 9 ** 5 ** 7 4 4 4 4 8 3 3 3 ** 4 8 Born 1911-1926 9 ** ** ** 5 ** 0 2 5 ** 8 ** 9 ** 8 ** 10 12 5 7 6 9 1 3 3 ** 6 ** Born 1895-1910 7 ** ** ** 5 ** 1 3 3 ** 17 ** 18 ** 13 ** 8 15 16 0* 8 12* 0* 0* 26* ** ** ** Born before 1895 10 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 5 5 ** 23* ** 9 ** 20* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 7 ** ** ** 6 ** 0 4 4 ** 11 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 7 5 4 4 7 1 2 3 ** 5 1 Independents 10 ** ** ** 11 ** 0 6 5 ** 15 ** 14 ** 16 ** 15 18 13 17 10 11 4 7 6 ** 12 5 Republicans (incl leaners) 7 ** ** ** 3 ** 2 4 4 ** 7 ** 7 ** 6 ** 7 6 5 6 5 6 1 2 1 ** 3 1 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 4 ** 3 ** 6 ** 4 4 5 5 3 4 1 2 0 ** 5 0 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 9 ** 7 ** 5 ** 6 8 4 5 4 8 3 3 1 ** 2 1 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 7 ** 6 ** 2 ** 5 5 4 3 3 4 0 2 1 ** 1 1 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.4.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10