THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Voter Turnout 1948-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Yes, voted' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 69 80 ** 80 67 84 64 80 65 78 62 76 56 77 55 73 63 74 53 72 49 77 57 74 52 75 68 75 74 Females 59 69 ** 68 50 75 58 76 60 74 58 70 50 68 54 70 58 74 52 68 45 74 55 72 52 71 58 78 80 Whites 67 78 ** 76 60 82 63 80 63 77 61 74 55 73 56 73 61 76 55 72 50 79 59 76 54 75 64 80 79 Blacks 37 33 ** 35 36 53 39 65 54 68 47 65 35 65 44 67 62 66 50 60 41 67 47 65 53 73 56 71 79 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 56 62 ** 60 49 67 51 68 52 60 49 58 42 60 48 59 45 58 45 50 36 55 36 52 49 51 56* 51* 51* High School Diploma 67 80 ** 74 56 81 60 78 62 78 56 70 48 66 48 65 54 66 44 59 38 65 46 63 41 61 51 67 66 Some College, no Degree 79 87 ** 90 70 88 72 89 69 79 71 84 59 83 62 76 67 81 56 78 53 83 61 79 53 77 61 80 82 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 93 ** 89 77 93 72 88 81 89 83 90 75 87 72 91 77 91 72 92 67 93 79 89 72 92 85 93 92 Income 0-16 Percentile 33 53 ** 53 41 65 49 64 41 60 43 60 39 54 46 56 46 53 38 47 29 52 35 56 37 48 ** 56 64 Income 17-33 Percentile 55 69 ** 65 46 71 47 73 54 66 54 63 49 65 46 68 54 69 46 59 42 68 46 61 43 69 ** 68 73 Income 34-67 Percentile 61 76 ** 76 59 81 62 79 63 79 56 70 50 71 56 72 66 74 53 71 47 77 55 71 53 70 ** 82 78 Income 68-95 Percentile 74 85 ** 83 71 85 68 86 72 87 72 86 65 80 61 81 68 84 63 82 57 88 67 86 59 86 ** 90 85 Income 96-100 Percentile 82 95 ** 90 91 94 84 88 82 93 78 90 75 91 73 87 68 91 65 96* 58 90 82 97 80 88 ** 89 89 Professionals ** 92 ** 89 72 88 ** 85 ** 88 73 85 70 85 68 86 72 87 71 86 61 88 71 87 70 84 ** 90 ** White Collar ** 84 ** 84 64 90 ** 86 ** 85 67 78 54 78 56 75 61 79 57 75 49 81 59 75 52 73 ** 82 ** Blue Collar ** 76 ** 71 57 80 ** 75 ** 69 55 69 45 66 47 64 54 65 42 54 39 68 47 64 46 66 ** 66 ** Unskilled ** 54 ** 56 63 71* ** 63* ** 65* 45* 57* 30* 58 37 68* 53* 60* 25 60* 38 59* 44 45* 33* 57* ** 42* ** Farmers ** 72 ** 70 67 78 ** 71 ** 68 46 76 59 68 61* 62* 57* 63 44 69 45 63 50* 61* 41* 68* ** 76* ** Housewives ** 70 ** 68 47 69 ** 75 ** 73 53 67 47 65 54 67 57 70 51 69 45 67 53 68 54 66 ** 75 ** Union Households 73 76 ** 76 61 77 ** 83 63 76 60 75 50 77 57 75 65 79 55 75 53 85 65 82 66 77 62 85 81 Non-Union Households 62 73 ** 72 57 80 ** 76 62 76 59 72 54 70 54 71 59 72 52 69 46 73 54 71 49 72 63 75 77 South ** 48 ** 53 37 66 47 62 53 68 47 61 42 64 48 69 55 66 44 57 36 65 47 65 38 68 55 69 77 Nonsouth ** 81 ** 79 64 83 66 82 65 79 64 77 57 74 57 72 63 77 57 76 52 80 60 77 59 75 66 80 78 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 77* 20 47 15 54 31 65 79 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 57 29 53 29 49 26 65 42 64 42 68 60 74 82 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48* 38 61 41 66 38 62 43 63 56 74 47 73 50 78 63 77 58 79 72 83 86 Born 1927-1942 41 58 ** 58 36 70 49 71 58 75 58 77 53 79 61 78 68 80 66 77 62 83 69 81 76 82 78 85 79 Born 1911-1926 61 73 ** 74 60 83 62 83 69 84 66 79 66 79 68 82 73 83 72 81 61 81 70 86 69 80 78 71 ** Born 1895-1910 70 78 ** 78 66 82 68 82 67 76 65 73 63 74 61 76 60 69 64 70 50 72 62* 81* 49* 59* 100* ** ** Born before 1895 64 77 ** 76 67 78 66 77 57 62 61 55 56 47 73* 50* 43* 100* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 73 ** 73 59 79 60 76 62 75 58 73 54 73 55 72 64 74 56 69 50 78 54 73 53 74 62 76 78 Independents ** 76 ** 77 48 74 55 62 46 65 46 50 30 55 33 49 31 55 27 45 22 56 34 42 36 48 35 49 48 Republicans (incl leaners) ** 83 ** 78 63 87 69 87 71 82 69 81 63 79 67 79 66 80 57 77 50 79 64 80 56 79 69 85 86 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 82 54 79 55 78 68 80 60 69 58 83 64 79 54 83 68 80 85 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 76 59 73 57 77 66 74 52 74 50 78 53 67 51 79 63 74 75 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 83 64 82 65 80 69 83 62 81 54 84 69 86 63 84 73 87 85 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 6A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10