The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior

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Strength of Partisanship 1952-2008
PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED :      'Independent'


  % OF GROUP: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Males 9 10 12 10 11 11 9 13 11 14 16 17 17 17 17 14 13 14 13 10 13 12 10 11 14 8 10 13
Females 9 12 14 12 13 13 9 14 13 14 14 18 14 15 14 12 13 14 12 14 12 11 10 13 13 9 10 10
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Whites 8 10 12 10 11 11 9 13 13 14 14 17 16 17 15 13 12 14 13 12 12 12 10 13 14 9 9 11
Blacks 21 20 25 21 30 21 10 17 6 11 14 16 9 11 11 6 13 10 8 10 16 8 11 9 10 6 12 9
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 13 16 17 14 14 14 9 16 11 16 15 17 15 15 17 11 22 12 19 18 14 18 15 11 13 14 25 11
High School Diploma 7 8 13 11 12 12 9 14 13 15 16 19 18 20 19 15 14 18 15 15 15 15 13 16 18 11 13 15
Some College, no Degree 4 8 6 4 11 6 9 11 12 11 13 20 14 13 10 12 9 11 9 10 13 7 7 10 11 7 9 13
College Degree/ Post-grad 3 6 6 8 10 10 6 6 8 6 9 11 11 10 8 10 9 7 7 4 8 8 6 8 8 6 4 5
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Income 0-16 Percentile 15 17 20 19 16 13 12 15 11 17 13 20 15 18 15 16 18 16 15 17 18 15 11 18 16 ** 17 17
Income 17-33 Percentile 10 16 13 12 13 10 9 18 16 14 17 19 12 17 12 10 14 14 12 14 13 10 9 10 15 ** 10 11
Income 34-67 Percentile 7 9 12 9 12 13 8 11 12 13 17 19 16 17 18 12 12 13 12 12 12 11 13 14 14 ** 8 12
Income 68-95 Percentile 5 8 11 9 12 9 7 12 11 12 11 15 18 14 11 12 9 12 10 8 9 9 7 11 10 ** 7 9
Income 96-100 Percentile 13 5 4 5 8 11 9 11 8 9 13 5 9 8 14 5 9 8 4 1 10 8 4 8 10 ** 3 5
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Professionals 7 ** 9 10 12 ** 8 ** 12 10 11 12 14 12 11 12 9 10 9 8 10 9 8 10 10 ** 5 **
White Collar 8 ** 14 7 8 ** 6 ** 11 16 13 18 14 15 13 14 11 15 10 9 12 8 9 14 13 ** 10 **
Blue Collar 7 ** 12 11 13 ** 10 ** 11 15 17 18 17 20 18 15 15 16 15 13 15 13 12 14 15 ** 13 **
Unskilled 20 ** 14 9 11 ** 8 ** 7 0 18 16 18 29 23 11 14 11 19 14 18 23 21 8 25 ** 25 **
Farmers 6 ** 11 14 17 ** 8 ** 13 6 13 4 15 9 16 14 23 16 12 16 12 16 12 20 8 ** 7 **
Housewives 8 ** 14 14 13 ** 10 ** 12 14 15 21 16 15 17 10 13 15 13 16 11 16 14 13 14 ** 7 **
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Union Households 6 9 12 9 13 ** 6 12 11 14 17 19 17 16 18 13 12 13 12 7 10 8 7 13 10 7 11 8
Non-Union Households 10 12 13 12 12 ** 9 14 12 13 14 17 15 16 14 13 13 14 12 13 13 12 11 12 14 9 10 12
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
South 11 ** 13 15 17 17 11 15 13 16 16 21 15 17 15 11 17 13 12 17 16 10 11 12 16 9 9 13
Nonsouth 8 ** 12 10 11 10 8 13 12 13 14 16 15 16 15 14 11 14 12 10 11 12 10 12 12 8 11 10
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14
Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 21 8 17 22 9 9 12
Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 24 20 17 21 16 17 17 13 12 14 14 11 10 10
Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 16 20 20 20 24 20 20 20 16 15 15 14 11 12 11 10 11 12 8 10 8
Born 1927-1942 10 16 15 14 16 12 10 13 12 13 16 16 17 13 11 11 8 11 8 10 12 8 8 9 10 5 10 7
Born 1911-1926 8 11 13 11 11 14 9 13 11 13 10 15 11 12 10 8 10 7 9 7 8 10 6 11 5 6 10 **
Born 1895-1910 9 9 13 10 12 9 8 13 10 12 11 11 11 12 10 10 10 8 12 5 10 19 3 7 19 60 ** **
Born before 1895 10 12 11 8 10 9 5 13 8 9 7 9 6 8 17 14 0 0 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Democrats (incl leaners) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Independents 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Republicans (incl leaners) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08
Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 15 10 13 9 8 7 7 8 5 9 5 5 6 7 5 3 5
Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 17 19 16 14 11 14 15 14 10 15 12 12 16 14 8 11 20
Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 14 9 11 10 9 7 10 7 7 8 8 5 5 8 3 5 6

    ___   (underline) indicates 50 or fewer total respondents within group
    **     indicates question not asked or no cases within group
          2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete.
....................

Table 2A.3.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table
NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3

(Table generated: 05AUG10)