
| % OF GROUP: | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Males | 33 | ** | 27 | ** | 23 | ** | 37 | 32 | 42 | 49 | 48 | 53 | 51 | 50 | 53 | 48 | 42 | 53 | 52 | 62 | 53 | 66 | 66 | 60 | 57 | 36 | 48 |
| Females | 37 | ** | 26 | ** | 26 | ** | 36 | 36 | 44 | 46 | 50 | 48 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 46 | 43 | 52 | 50 | 65 | 52 | 66 | 57 | 63 | 56 | 28 | 52 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Whites | 33 | ** | 24 | ** | 23 | ** | 35 | 33 | 42 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 46 | 41 | 48 | 48 | 62 | 52 | 65 | 60 | 61 | 56 | 29 | 48 |
| Blacks | 55 | ** | 47 | ** | 35 | ** | 48 | 47 | 53 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 64 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 50 | 66 | 59 | 71 | 56 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 61 | 49 | 60 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Grade School | 49 | ** | 47 | ** | 39 | ** | 56 | 53 | 68 | 73 | 70 | 74 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 64 | 63 | 64 | 68 | 77 | 66 | 80 | 76 | 82 | 75 | 68 | 74 |
| High School | 29 | ** | 20 | ** | 21 | ** | 34 | 34 | 42 | 45 | 51 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 51 | 47 | 60 | 57 | 68 | 59 | 74 | 68 | 67 | 63 | 36 | 58 |
| Some College, no Degree | 17 | ** | 12 | ** | 11 | ** | 23 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 46 | 33 | 49 | 46 | 64 | 48 | 59 | 56 | 62 | 55 | 29 | 48 |
| College Degree/ Post-grad | 11 | ** | 7 | ** | 15 | ** | 17 | 10 | 20 | 21 | 30 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 39 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 34 | 45 | 39 | 51 | 50 | 46 | 43 | 20 | 36 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Income 0-16 Percentile | 54 | ** | 46 | ** | 40 | ** | 60 | 49 | 63 | 69 | 65 | 60 | 68 | 62 | 65 | 61 | 56 | 63 | 65 | 69 | 62 | 72 | 58 | 60 | 60 | ** | 60 |
| Income 17-33 Percentile | 41 | ** | 34 | ** | 33 | ** | 38 | 50 | 53 | 61 | 57 | 62 | 63 | 58 | 57 | 52 | 51 | 56 | 57 | 66 | 57 | 70 | 69 | 67 | 61 | ** | 54 |
| Income 34-67 Percentile | 30 | ** | 24 | ** | 20 | ** | 33 | 29 | 39 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 48 | 39 | 51 | 52 | 64 | 50 | 65 | 64 | 67 | 62 | ** | 47 |
| Income 68-95 Percentile | 27 | ** | 17 | ** | 21 | ** | 25 | 27 | 29 | 33 | 39 | 42 | 42 | 44 | 44 | 38 | 33 | 44 | 38 | 59 | 47 | 62 | 59 | 57 | 50 | ** | 46 |
| Income 96-100 Percentile | 14 | ** | 5 | ** | 3 | ** | 17 | 21 | 27 | 20 | 25 | 27 | 30 | 32 | 43 | 32 | 25 | 33 | 29 | 46 | 40 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 33 | ** | 38 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Professionals | 19 | ** | 13 | ** | 16 | ** | 24 | ** | 29 | 29 | 34 | 36 | 40 | 40 | 42 | 35 | 32 | 39 | 41 | 53 | 44 | 58 | 55 | 52 | 49 | ** | 44 |
| White Collar | 26 | ** | 15 | ** | 15 | ** | 31 | ** | 34 | 36 | 42 | 40 | 46 | 47 | 50 | 46 | 41 | 48 | 46 | 64 | 48 | 62 | 58 | 66 | 55 | ** | 49 |
| Blue Collar | 36 | ** | 30 | ** | 27 | ** | 43 | ** | 53 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 58 | 60 | 54 | 49 | 66 | 60 | 70 | 61 | 75 | 69 | 71 | 70 | ** | 58 |
| Unskilled | 49 | ** | 44 | ** | 33 | ** | 40 | ** | 45 | 63 | 65 | 81 | 54 | 61 | 60 | 54 | 56 | 50 | 57 | 63 | 61 | 72 | 88 | 84 | 60 | ** | 61 |
| Farmers | 48 | ** | 43 | ** | 33 | ** | 61 | ** | 58 | 78 | 61 | 53 | 57 | 61 | 52 | 57 | 55 | 63 | 58 | 59 | 55 | 69 | 70 | 34 | 49 | ** | 40 |
| Housewives | 37 | ** | 27 | ** | 29 | ** | 34 | ** | 42 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 54 | 52 | 52 | 41 | 51 | 52 | 67 | 54 | 66 | 59 | 64 | 51 | ** | 48 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Union Households | 32 | ** | 27 | ** | 24 | ** | 36 | 36 | 46 | 47 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 51 | 40 | 54 | 48 | 64 | 57 | 70 | 72 | 63 | 54 | 34 | 51 |
| Non-Union Households | 36 | ** | 26 | ** | 24 | ** | 36 | 34 | 42 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 51 | 50 | 52 | 46 | 43 | 52 | 51 | 64 | 51 | 65 | 59 | 61 | 57 | 31 | 50 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| South | 46 | ** | 35 | ** | 36 | ** | 46 | 46 | 49 | 55 | 57 | 58 | 61 | 51 | 52 | 49 | 46 | 55 | 59 | 70 | 53 | 64 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 35 | 49 |
| Nonsouth | 32 | ** | 24 | ** | 21 | ** | 33 | 31 | 41 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 46 | 41 | 51 | 47 | 61 | 52 | 67 | 62 | 62 | 54 | 30 | 50 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Born 1975 or later | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 38 | 56 | 52 | 53 | 58 | 39 | 55 |
| Born 1959-1974 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 46 | 48 | 42 | 38 | 49 | 49 | 55 | 51 | 63 | 58 | 61 | 57 | 28 | 45 |
| Born 1943-1958 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 35 | 22 | 36 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 50 | 46 | 52 | 46 | 37 | 54 | 49 | 62 | 48 | 64 | 59 | 61 | 53 | 30 | 47 |
| Born 1927-1942 | 30 | ** | 22 | ** | 24 | ** | 32 | 28 | 36 | 39 | 46 | 50 | 45 | 49 | 49 | 46 | 46 | 54 | 48 | 70 | 57 | 66 | 65 | 68 | 61 | 33 | 57 |
| Born 1911-1926 | 32 | ** | 23 | ** | 20 | ** | 32 | 33 | 40 | 46 | 50 | 49 | 52 | 56 | 52 | 50 | 45 | 49 | 57 | 74 | 56 | 82 | 76 | 64 | 56 | 35 | 54 |
| Born 1895-1910 | 31 | ** | 28 | ** | 23 | ** | 43 | 43 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 64 | 63 | 60 | 50 | 61 | 57 | 64 | 76 | 62 | 81 | 45 | 92 | 66 | 57 | ** |
| Born before 1895 | 49 | ** | 39 | ** | 38 | ** | 52 | 51 | 57 | 67 | 57 | 67 | 57 | 52 | 67 | 83 | 50 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Democrats (incl leaners) | 36 | ** | 29 | ** | 25 | ** | 37 | 36 | 45 | 48 | 54 | 50 | 55 | 51 | 54 | 50 | 45 | 58 | 56 | 66 | 52 | 66 | 61 | 61 | 56 | 36 | 55 |
| Independents & Apoliticals | 45 | ** | 36 | ** | 41 | ** | 46 | 35 | 50 | 53 | 56 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 57 | 50 | 49 | 61 | 55 | 68 | 59 | 75 | 65 | 72 | 66 | 42 | 59 |
| Republicans (incl leaners) | 32 | ** | 19 | ** | 18 | ** | 32 | 32 | 37 | 42 | 39 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 48 | 41 | 38 | 41 | 44 | 59 | 50 | 63 | 61 | 59 | 53 | 23 | 43 |
|   | '52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 |
| Liberals | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 42 | 43 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 41 | 37 | 50 | 48 | 54 | 48 | 57 | 50 | 51 | 54 | 31 | 53 |
| Moderates | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 43 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 55 | 45 | 37 | 48 | 52 | 65 | 51 | 67 | 63 | 64 | 51 | 28 | 51 |
| Conservatives | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 40 | 44 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 41 | 36 | 49 | 44 | 62 | 51 | 63 | 61 | 62 | 48 | 27 | 43 |
___ (underline) indicates 50 or fewer total respondents within group
Table 5B.3.1
(Table generated: 09DEC05)
** indicates question not asked or no cases within group
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table
NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3