The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior

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Voter Turnout 1948-2004
PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED :      'No, did not vote'


  % OF GROUP: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Males 31 20 ** 20 33 16 36 20 35 22 38 24 44 23 45 27 37 26 47 28 51 23 43 26 48 25 32 25
Females 41 31 ** 32 50 25 42 24 40 26 42 30 50 32 46 30 42 26 48 32 55 26 45 28 48 29 42 22
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Whites 33 22 ** 24 40 18 37 20 37 23 39 26 45 27 44 27 39 24 45 28 50 21 41 24 46 25 36 20
Blacks 63 67 ** 65 64 47 61 35 46 32 53 35 65 35 56 33 38 34 50 40 59 33 54 35 47 27 44 29
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Grade School 44 38 ** 40 51 33 49 32 48 40 51 42 58 40 52 41 55 42 55 50 64 45 64 48 51 49 44 49
High School 33 20 ** 26 44 19 40 22 38 22 44 30 52 34 52 35 46 34 56 41 62 35 54 37 59 39 49 33
Some College, no Degree 21 13 ** 10 30 12 28 11 31 21 29 16 41 17 38 24 33 19 44 22 47 17 39 21 47 23 39 21
College Degree/ Post-grad ** 7 ** 11 23 7 28 12 19 11 17 10 25 13 28 9 23 9 28 8 33 7 21 11 28 8 15 7
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Income 0-16 Percentile 67 47 ** 47 59 35 51 36 59 40 57 40 61 46 54 44 54 47 62 53 71 48 65 44 63 52 ** 44
Income 17-33 Percentile 45 31 ** 35 54 29 53 27 46 34 46 37 51 35 54 32 46 31 54 41 58 32 54 39 57 31 ** 32
Income 34-67 Percentile 39 24 ** 24 41 19 38 21 37 21 44 30 50 29 44 28 34 26 47 29 53 23 45 29 47 30 ** 18
Income 68-95 Percentile 26 15 ** 17 29 15 32 14 28 13 28 14 35 20 39 19 32 16 37 18 43 12 33 14 41 14 ** 10
Income 96-100 Percentile 18 5 ** 10 9 6 16 12 18 7 22 10 25 9 27 13 32 9 35 4 42 10 18 3 20 12 ** 11
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Professionals ** 8 ** 11 28 12 ** 15 ** 13 27 15 30 15 32 14 28 13 29 14 39 12 29 13 30 16 ** 10
White Collar ** 16 ** 16 37 10 ** 14 ** 15 33 22 46 22 44 25 39 21 43 25 51 19 41 25 48 27 ** 18
Blue Collar ** 24 ** 29 43 20 ** 25 ** 31 45 31 55 34 53 36 46 35 58 46 61 32 53 36 54 34 ** 34
Unskilled ** 46 ** 44 37 29 ** 38 ** 35 55 43 70 42 63 33 47 40 75 40 62 41 56 55 67 43 ** 58
Farmers ** 28 ** 30 33 22 ** 29 ** 32 54 24 41 32 39 38 43 37 56 31 55 37 50 39 59 32 ** 24
Housewives ** 30 ** 32 53 31 ** 25 ** 27 47 33 53 35 46 33 43 30 49 31 55 33 47 32 46 34 ** 25
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Union Households 27 24 ** 24 39 23 ** 17 37 24 40 25 50 23 43 25 35 21 45 25 47 15 35 18 34 23 39 15
Non-Union Households 38 27 ** 28 43 20 ** 24 38 24 41 28 46 30 46 29 41 28 48 31 54 27 46 29 51 28 37 25
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
South ** 52 ** 47 63 34 53 38 47 32 53 39 58 36 52 31 45 34 56 43 64 35 53 35 62 30 45 31
Nonsouth ** 19 ** 21 36 17 34 18 35 21 36 23 43 26 43 28 37 23 43 24 49 20 40 23 41 26 34 20
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 80 53 85 46 69 35
Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 74 43 71 47 71 51 74 35 58 36 58 32 40 26
Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 52 62 39 59 34 62 38 57 37 44 26 53 27 50 22 37 23 42 21 28 17
Born 1927-1942 59 42 ** 42 64 30 51 29 42 25 42 23 47 21 39 22 32 20 34 23 38 17 32 19 24 18 22 15
Born 1911-1926 39 27 ** 26 40 17 38 17 31 16 34 21 34 21 32 18 27 17 28 19 39 19 30 14 31 20 22 29
Born 1895-1910 30 22 ** 22 34 18 32 18 33 24 35 27 37 26 39 24 40 31 36 30 50 28 38 19 51 41 0 **
Born before 1895 36 23 ** 24 33 22 34 23 43 38 39 45 44 53 27 50 57 0 100 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Democrats (incl leaners) ** 28 ** 27 41 21 40 24 38 25 42 27 46 27 45 28 36 26 44 31 50 22 46 27 47 26 38 24
Independents & Apoliticals ** 51 ** 45 68 43 64 45 55 42 55 49 71 45 67 51 70 46 74 55 78 44 66 57 64 52 66 52
Republicans (incl leaners) ** 17 ** 22 37 13 31 13 29 18 31 19 37 21 33 20 33 20 43 23 50 21 36 20 44 21 31 16
  '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 18 46 21 45 22 32 20 40 31 42 17 36 21 46 17 32 18
Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 24 41 27 43 23 35 26 48 26 50 22 47 33 49 21 37 24
Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 17 36 18 35 20 31 17 38 19 46 16 31 14 37 16 27 15

    ___   (underline) indicates 50 or fewer total respondents within group
    **     indicates question not asked or no cases within group


Table 6A.2.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table
NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3

(Table generated: 21DEC05)