The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior

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Wore a Button or Put a Sticker on the Car 1956-2004
PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED :      'No'


  % OF GROUP: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Males 81 ** 80 87 83 ** 84 91 86 93 93 91 93 92 90 92 91 92 88 93 90 93 88 90 78
Females 87 ** 79 93 84 ** 86 91 86 95 92 92 93 92 92 93 92 94 89 93 90 94 91 91 81
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Whites 84 ** 78 90 84 ** 86 91 86 94 92 92 93 92 91 92 92 93 89 93 90 94 90 91 78
Blacks 94 ** 91 90 78 ** 80 88 84 98 92 83 95 90 89 92 89 92 89 90 91 95 86 88 80
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Grade School 89 ** 86 92 91 ** 91 96 93 96 96 93 97 94 95 94 97 96 96 96 96 92 93 85 87
High School 84 ** 76 90 83 ** 85 92 87 95 93 92 94 93 92 94 93 94 91 94 92 93 90 90 80
Some College, no Degree 83 ** 73 90 78 ** 80 81 80 95 91 89 92 91 89 93 90 91 87 92 88 95 92 91 77
College Degree/ Post-grad 74 ** 80 90 76 ** 80 84 78 90 87 89 91 91 89 89 87 93 84 90 87 93 86 91 79
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Income 0-16 Percentile 93 ** 89 95 88 ** 95 95 93 97 95 93 94 93 90 94 94 95 90 96 91 94 93 ** 77
Income 17-33 Percentile 88 ** 88 95 84 ** 87 94 90 95 94 89 95 94 89 94 93 94 94 90 92 96 87 ** 83
Income 34-67 Percentile 85 ** 77 89 83 ** 80 94 86 95 92 92 95 94 92 92 90 94 87 94 92 94 92 ** 82
Income 68-95 Percentile 78 ** 73 88 81 ** 83 85 81 92 91 91 90 90 90 91 90 92 85 93 87 91 85 ** 73
Income 96-100 Percentile 73 ** 76 84 77 ** 86 83 77 91 85 89 88 93 91 87 91 95 91 81 84 94 89 ** 76
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Professionals 79 ** 77 ** 82 ** 83 87 81 92 91 89 92 90 87 90 90 92 85 91 90 91 87 ** 79
White Collar 80 ** 73 ** 77 ** 82 90 81 96 90 92 91 91 91 91 90 95 89 94 87 95 92 ** 78
Blue Collar 83 ** 81 ** 85 ** 87 91 88 95 94 92 94 92 93 94 93 93 91 95 92 94 90 ** 79
Unskilled 85 ** 91 ** 81 ** 79 100 91 97 94 86 95 95 89 98 98 88 90 87 98 88 86 ** 82
Farmers 94 ** 86 ** 89 ** 83 97 95 97 92 91 93 93 92 95 93 92 96 95 86 71 87 ** 87
Housewives 87 ** 79 ** 84 ** 86 93 90 96 94 93 96 96 93 96 93 96 90 93 91 94 93 ** 80
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Union Households 80 ** 76 ** 81 ** 83 89 83 93 91 90 94 92 91 92 90 96 86 94 89 92 89 89 75
Non-Union Households 86 ** 80 ** 84 ** 86 91 87 95 93 92 93 92 91 93 92 93 89 93 90 94 90 91 80
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
South 91 ** 83 93 81 ** 84 92 91 96 94 89 93 93 91 93 92 92 88 93 91 94 89 93 78
Nonsouth 82 ** 78 89 84 ** 85 90 84 94 92 92 94 92 91 92 91 94 89 93 90 93 90 90 80
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 92 90 95 95 92 97 77
Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 89 85 92 90 95 91 96 89 96 91 96 91 93 78
Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 81 ** 87 87 81 92 92 90 93 92 89 92 92 93 86 91 89 91 88 90 80
Born 1927-1942 84 ** 74 91 80 ** 80 88 83 96 92 91 94 94 90 90 89 90 90 92 90 93 88 83 83
Born 1911-1926 83 ** 76 89 81 ** 83 92 88 95 92 92 94 92 93 94 92 93 92 92 90 92 91 82 80
Born 1895-1910 84 ** 83 90 89 ** 92 95 93 96 95 96 98 89 94 93 94 100 98 100 91 100 100 100 **
Born before 1895 90 ** 89 93 93 ** 97 99 100 100 97 96 100 100 100 100 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Democrats (incl leaners) 87 ** 80 90 84 ** 86 89 85 93 92 90 94 91 89 92 90 92 87 93 92 94 91 89 80
Independents & Apoliticals 94 ** 93 99 92 ** 92 94 90 97 95 97 96 97 96 96 96 98 92 97 95 96 98 92 87
Republicans (incl leaners) 79 ** 73 88 81 ** 82 92 86 96 91 91 91 93 91 93 91 93 90 91 87 93 86 93 77
  '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 75 91 88 84 93 92 87 90 88 91 82 90 90 93 85 89 73
Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 87 96 92 92 94 92 92 93 90 94 90 94 92 94 90 90 86
Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 85 94 91 92 93 90 89 91 91 92 87 91 86 93 88 91 76

    ___   (underline) indicates 50 or fewer total respondents within group
    **     indicates question not asked or no cases within group


Table 6B.4.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table
NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3

(Table generated: 09DEC05)