THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2008 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Extremely Liberal 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 Liberal 7 11 7 8 6 6 7 6 6 7 8 6 7 7 9 12 9 10 Slightly Liberal 10 8 8 10 9 8 9 11 9 8 10 7 10 9 9 9 8 9 Moderate, Middle of Road 27 26 25 27 20 22 23 28 22 24 23 26 24 28 23 22 25 22 Slightly Conservative 15 12 12 14 13 13 14 15 15 14 15 14 15 15 12 10 12 12 Conservative 10 12 11 11 13 12 13 13 14 10 13 19 15 13 15 21 16 17 Extremely Conservative 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 DK, Haven't Thought 28 27 33 27 36 36 30 25 30 33 27 24 25 23 27 22 25 25 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 2155 2478 2839 2284 1565 1400 2229 2170 2035 1967 2483 1783 1712 1280 849 1490 1211 2319 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE AND 2002: "Here is (1972,1974: I'm going to show you) a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative." "Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought much about this?" (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)" 2000 TELEPHONE AND 2002: "When it comes to politics do you usually think of yourself as extremely liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road, slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven't you thought much about this?" This question is variable VCF0803 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Liberal (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 20 22 21 21 18 14 20 19 19 19 20 13 15 20 16 22 16 19 Females 17 20 13 18 15 15 16 17 14 15 20 16 21 17 22 22 21 23 Whites 17 19 15 19 16 14 18 17 15 17 21 15 19 18 20 22 19 21 Blacks 31 34 29 22 19 16 17 23 19 18 23 16 18 17 14 26 14 19 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 11 10 11 8 8 10 15 12 6 13 3 10 9 21* 12 17 11 High School Diploma 13 17 12 15 11 8 13 13 14 10 14 9 10 12 11 18 14 13 Some College, no Degree 29 29 23 30 24 16 21 18 18 20 23 18 21 21 26 23 15 23 College Degree/ Post-grad 37 35 28 29 28 33 31 30 23 35 33 26 33 29 26 30 32 32 Income 0-16 Percentile 18 17 14 17 14 12 15 17 18 10 17 12 22 21 13 ** 24 20 Income 17-33 Percentile 20 26 17 21 14 14 15 15 16 15 17 19 13 13 21 ** 17 21 Income 34-67 Percentile 17 21 15 18 18 17 20 17 16 16 22 15 19 18 20 ** 18 21 Income 68-95 Percentile 21 22 19 23 19 16 21 22 18 23 24 14 18 17 25 ** 20 25 Income 96-100 Percentile 22 14 16 21 16 15 21 22 15* 22 25 26 32 32 15* ** 25 17 Professionals 27 27 21 29 24 22 28 26 23 28 28 22 28 24 25 ** 29 ** White Collar 20 25 19 24 16 15 17 17 16 18 19 17 19 16 23 ** 16 ** Blue Collar 17 18 17 15 13 9 15 13 14 12 18 10 10 14 14 ** 14 ** Unskilled 23* 22* 14 20 15* 18* 15* 13 11 11 15 2 20* 10* 0* ** 16* ** Farmers 7 21 11 2* 9* 9* 7 21 14 4 8 7* 8* 4* 0* ** 8* ** Housewives 11 13 5 11 10 10 10 15 10 11 12 10 10 10 13 ** 9 ** Union Households 18 23 20 21 18 16 22 16 18 17 21 15 25 18 23 24 20 23 Non-Union Households 19 20 15 19 16 14 17 18 16 17 20 14 17 18 19 22 19 21 South 15 14 12 15 13 11 14 14 12 11 16 12 14 16 17 18 14 16 Nonsouth 20 23 18 21 18 16 20 19 18 19 22 16 20 20 21 24 21 25 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 28 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 9 20 23 28 28 29 21 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 24 21 13 22 21 21 17 23 18 21 18 18 20 15 21 Born 1943-1958 30 33 24 27 19 21 22 20 18 23 25 18 21 19 21 24 20 12 Born 1927-1942 17 15 14 15 18 13 14 17 14 11 14 9 14 14 15 17 13 17 Born 1911-1926 12 14 11 14 11 10 15 11 12 12 13 9 8 15 15 21 10 ** Born 1895-1910 12 16 10 12 10 4 8 13 11 9 14 0* 9* 0* 0* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 11 14 9 4* 33* 0* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 26 28 24 27 24 21 27 26 26 25 31 26 29 29 31 36 33 37 Independents 13 17 10 15 9 9 10 9 10 6 14 6 9 9 11 16 5 9 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 9 8 8 7 5 9 9 8 9 8 4 5 7 7 7 6 4 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 3.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Moderate' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 28 26 23 26 18 24 23 24 21 23 23 24 23 28 25 25 27 24 Females 26 27 27 28 21 21 24 31 23 26 23 28 25 29 22 20 24 20 Whites 28 28 26 27 20 23 24 29 23 25 23 25 24 30 24 24 24 21 Blacks 18 14 18 20 15 18 21 23 20 22 22 29 21 25 19 15 30 21 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 23 19 13 19 13 12 13 18 15 18 11 18 23 19 18* 14 8 18 High School Diploma 30 30 27 29 21 23 25 29 22 27 25 28 27 31 19 23 28 23 Some College, no Degree 28 27 34 29 20 29 26 30 25 24 26 29 22 32 26 23 29 25 College Degree/ Post-grad 18 24 23 23 19 18 20 27 22 20 20 18 20 22 26 20 20 18 Income 0-16 Percentile 21 25 14 21 17 16 18 24 15 20 24 28 20 23 22 ** 24 19 Income 17-33 Percentile 26 25 19 24 20 21 25 28 24 23 20 30 26 28 20 ** 29 26 Income 34-67 Percentile 27 28 29 29 22 26 24 32 24 26 25 25 28 32 18 ** 27 24 Income 68-95 Percentile 32 26 33 31 18 27 25 27 24 27 24 25 23 32 31 ** 25 21 Income 96-100 Percentile 28 18 25 24 21 15 23 24 19* 22 23 16 23 15 29* ** 21 12 Professionals 23 31 26 25 20 24 23 27 23 25 24 23 20 28 26 ** 22 ** White Collar 33 26 32 30 24 28 25 32 23 27 26 27 26 29 21 ** 26 ** Blue Collar 28 24 24 27 18 22 22 27 21 24 21 27 26 31 24 ** 28 ** Unskilled 17* 22* 25 24 17* 15* 27* 27 19 28 26 18 22* 27* 22* ** 25* ** Farmers 23 31 13 23* 19* 12* 18 19 19 24 23 11* 18* 0* 13* ** 33* ** Housewives 26 27 25 28 19 18 24 28 23 21 25 31 29 31 12 ** 20 ** Union Households 30 28 32 30 19 24 25 31 27 29 23 35 27 39 24 29 29 21 Non-Union Households 26 26 23 26 20 22 23 27 21 24 23 24 23 27 23 21 24 22 South 23 24 18 25 20 18 20 27 19 20 20 23 21 25 23 21 24 22 Nonsouth 28 27 28 27 19 24 25 28 23 26 24 28 26 30 23 23 26 21 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 26 29 24 23 19 27 21 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 24 19 26 22 28 21 25 24 24 24 30 23 22 30 24 Born 1943-1958 27 26 30 27 19 22 24 30 21 22 20 25 24 28 23 21 19 20 Born 1927-1942 29 23 26 28 18 23 24 22 25 26 24 28 18 29 21 27 24 16 Born 1911-1926 27 32 24 25 23 22 25 31 21 26 28 30 29 31 23 24 24 ** Born 1895-1910 24 26 17 28 19 19 18 21 21 30 21 27* 33* 22* 55* 10* ** ** Born before 1895 20 17 5 29* 0* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 28 27 25 29 22 25 25 29 23 25 23 30 27 31 24 25 29 22 Independents 25 26 32 27 19 19 27 30 26 20 27 27 29 37 22 23 28 38 Republicans (incl leaners) 26 26 23 24 17 19 20 25 19 25 22 21 19 23 22 19 19 16 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 3.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Conservative (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 29 32 31 32 33 33 34 35 37 31 36 43 41 34 37 37 36 35 Females 24 22 22 23 24 22 24 25 28 22 25 29 25 27 25 32 27 30 Whites 29 27 28 30 30 29 31 33 36 28 33 40 36 33 33 37 36 36 Blacks 8 14 6 7 15 16 14 17 19 15 14 15 18 20 13 20 16 16 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 16 16 16 14 15 10 13 13 16 11 20 26 19 21 13* 22 22 19 High School Diploma 25 24 22 25 24 24 24 26 25 21 24 28 25 24 23 28 24 25 Some College, no Degree 31 33 30 30 35 31 36 36 41 32 32 40 41 31 33 39 34 32 College Degree/ Post-grad 38 40 44 42 44 39 41 38 45 37 42 51 41 44 41 43 41 43 Income 0-16 Percentile 18 14 13 17 18 15 17 20 21 16 17 22 17 24 23 ** 13 21 Income 17-33 Percentile 21 18 19 21 23 22 21 25 25 21 26 22 28 26 24 ** 23 21 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 24 25 28 28 24 29 30 32 27 30 38 28 27 36 ** 34 30 Income 68-95 Percentile 33 35 32 32 39 37 38 36 41 30 38 46 47 37 33 ** 38 44 Income 96-100 Percentile 39 62 54 49 44 50 49 48 57* 49 42 52 42 48 53* ** 49 59 Professionals 38 33 40 37 39 38 37 37 40 31 37 46 43 38 35 ** 37 ** White Collar 24 31 26 26 28 24 30 31 35 28 31 37 31 31 32 ** 32 ** Blue Collar 20 22 20 21 24 23 24 25 25 23 25 31 27 25 24 ** 25 ** Unskilled 20* 8* 22 20 26* 23* 23* 20 24 19 27 25 18* 23* 22* ** 15* ** Farmers 29 32 26 30* 22* 26* 33 33 39 28 32 49* 49* 6* 52* ** 50* ** Housewives 28 23 23 28 23 22 25 27 28 25 27 31 26 29 35 ** 33 ** Union Households 23 23 19 24 27 25 28 27 28 24 31 29 27 26 27 25 28 35 Non-Union Households 27 27 28 28 29 28 29 31 33 26 30 37 34 31 31 36 32 32 South 27 25 26 28 28 27 27 26 28 22 28 33 31 30 31 37 33 38 Nonsouth 26 26 26 27 28 27 29 31 33 28 31 37 33 31 30 33 30 27 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 26 20 21 7 26 18 34 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 18 27 27 23 24 26 23 26 33 30 30 33 39 33 31 Born 1943-1958 21 18 21 25 27 28 30 30 35 29 34 38 33 33 37 33 39 46 Born 1927-1942 30 34 30 30 35 31 35 34 34 29 32 42 40 30 35 38 32 34 Born 1911-1926 29 29 31 32 26 25 25 31 29 24 27 32 33 33 27 31 26 ** Born 1895-1910 28 27 22 23 26 19 22 28 31 9 26 28* 41* 0* 45* 8* ** ** Born before 1895 18 29 23 21* 17* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 18 17 15 17 18 16 15 18 18 17 17 16 16 16 16 17 12 12 Independents 20 22 15 19 19 19 16 22 19 14 18 26 16 14 16 15 16 16 Republicans (incl leaners) 42 45 47 51 49 49 49 49 51 42 52 60 60 55 56 59 59 65 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 3.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 Table 3.2 Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Liberals and Conservatives 1964-2008 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Liberals 53 50 51 43 54 54 52 ** 52 46 56 53 52 55 51 50 52 52 54 51 55 55 Conservatives 57 56 57 53 61 61 59 ** 62 53 60 58 61 60 56 61 60 56 59 58 61 60 Source: The National Election Studies This index is constructed from the 0-100 thermometer scores for liberals and conservatives. In the final thermometer data, scores of 97 to 100 are collapsed to 97. The calculation for this index is the following: first, the rating for liberals is subtracted from 97, and that difference is added to the value of the rating for conservatives. This sum is then divided by 2, and the result is rounded to the nearest integer. In 1964, 1966 and 1968, DK was scored as 50. This represents variables VCF0211,VCF0212 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 13AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Liberals and Conservatives 1964-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: LIBERALS '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 52 51 50 41 53 53 51 ** 50 43 54 51 50 54 49 47 49 49 52 49 52 51 Females 54 50 52 45 55 55 53 ** 53 48 58 55 53 56 53 52 54 54 56 52 58 57 Whites 52 50 50 41 52 53 51 ** 50 45 55 51 50 53 49 48 50 50 53 50 54 52 Blacks 62 57 58 60 71 65 65 ** 66 52 61 65 59 66 59 63 63 61 61 53 59 63 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 52 48 51 41 54 54 56 ** 52 42 54 53 50 54 52 50 56 50 49 40* 52* 62 High School Diploma 54 50 50 42 54 54 51 ** 52 44 56 53 51 54 51 50 53 51 54 51 54 53 Some College, no Degree 53 53 53 45 54 54 53 ** 52 47 55 52 51 56 51 49 52 54 55 50 54 55 College Degree/ Post-grad 54 52 56 50 54 54 51 ** 51 49 57 54 53 57 50 49 50 51 55 52 57 55 Income 0-16 Percentile 53 49 51 47 57 59 58 ** 56 46 60 55 55 56 56 55 56 55 59 ** 56 58 Income 17-33 Percentile 53 51 51 45 56 59 53 ** 54 46 58 56 53 57 52 55 54 53 56 ** 59 57 Income 34-67 Percentile 55 52 50 43 54 54 53 ** 54 47 57 53 51 56 51 49 54 52 52 ** 56 55 Income 68-95 Percentile 53 50 51 42 52 51 50 ** 48 47 55 52 52 54 49 45 48 49 54 ** 52 52 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 52 53 49 52 46 48 ** 46 40 49 52 47* 52 48 48 48 50 55 ** 53 49 Professionals 51 ** 53 45 52 53 51 ** 49 46 57 53 52 57 51 49 51 52 55 ** 58 ** White Collar 53 ** 51 44 54 54 52 ** 50 47 57 53 52 55 50 50 51 50 55 ** 54 ** Blue Collar 55 ** 50 43 56 55 54 ** 53 45 56 53 51 55 52 50 54 52 54 ** 53 ** Unskilled 52* ** 54* 56* 57* 55* 56 ** 59* 45* 56 58 51 58 52 47* 59* 54* 55* ** 58* ** Farmers 48 ** 45 43 52 50 50 ** 51* 38* 47 52 50 46 45 51* 45* 59* 49* ** 51* ** Housewives 55 ** 51 41 51 52 51 ** 53 45 55 53 53 53 50 47 47 47 50 ** 48 ** Union Households 56 51 51 44 54 55 55 ** 53 47 57 55 53 57 52 51 54 52 58 54 55 56 Non-Union Households 53 50 51 43 54 54 52 ** 51 45 56 53 51 55 51 49 51 52 54 50 55 54 South 48 48 50 40 54 53 53 ** 51 44 55 52 52 54 51 51 52 51 53 49 54 53 Nonsouth 55 51 51 45 54 55 52 ** 52 46 56 54 52 56 51 49 52 52 55 52 55 55 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 59* 50 60* 55 61 56 56 54 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 49 58 57 55 58 52 52 52 53 53 50 55 54 Born 1943-1958 52* 56 54 46 57 58 55 ** 53 48 57 55 52 56 51 50 52 51 54 49 54 50 Born 1927-1942 54 51 51 43 53 51 50 ** 49 44 54 50 50 50 48 46 50 49 51 50 54 53 Born 1911-1926 53 49 51 42 52 52 51 ** 50 43 55 51 49 54 52 48 51 49 57 52 54 ** Born 1895-1910 52 51 51 44 52 55 52 ** 51 40 53 48 47 53 50 43* 44* 50* 58* 34* ** ** Born before 1895 53 47 51 40 56 51 51* ** 52* 32* 65* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 56 54 54 48 59 60 57 ** 58 51 62 59 58 60 58 59 61 58 62 58 63 63 Independents & Apolitical 51 50 51 38 53 53 52 ** 50 45 57 54 51 53 51 51 53 52 52 49 56 55 Republicans (incl leaners) 48 45 46 37 47 45 45 ** 42 38 49 45 45 49 41 39 41 43 46 44 46 43 Liberals ** ** ** ** 70 69 65 ** 68 66 67 68 63 71 65 69 68 65 65 64 68 69 Moderates ** ** ** ** 53 54 53 ** 54 47 58 55 55 56 52 55 56 52 58 54 59 57 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 42 42 42 ** 40 35 47 42 43 45 40 36 39 42 44 42 44 44 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 3.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Liberals and Conservatives 1964-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: CONSERVATIVES '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 57 56 58 53 61 61 58 ** 62 54 59 58 61 59 57 61 61 56 59 57 61 60 Females 56 56 56 53 62 61 59 ** 63 53 60 59 61 60 55 61 58 57 58 58 61 60 Whites 58 56 57 54 63 62 60 ** 63 54 60 59 62 59 56 61 60 57 59 59 61 61 Blacks 48 53 53 44 51 56 50 ** 58 47 57 57 54 58 53 62 60 55 57 53 59 58 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 51 53 54 47 61 63 60 ** 62 46 55 54 59 56 55 59 59 58 52 48* 59* 64 High School Diploma 58 56 56 53 62 62 59 ** 62 54 59 58 60 60 56 60 60 56 58 58 62 60 Some College, no Degree 60 57 60 58 62 60 58 ** 65 52 62 61 63 61 54 62 59 57 59 59 62 61 College Degree/ Post-grad 61 61 61 57 58 58 58 ** 61 54 61 58 62 58 56 62 60 55 59 58 58 59 Income 0-16 Percentile 53 54 56 51 60 60 59 ** 62 52 57 56 60 59 55 58 56 56 56 ** 57 58 Income 17-33 Percentile 54 55 55 51 61 60 57 ** 63 50 57 59 62 57 54 58 60 57 59 ** 60 60 Income 34-67 Percentile 55 56 57 52 62 61 59 ** 62 53 60 58 61 60 56 62 59 55 57 ** 62 59 Income 68-95 Percentile 60 56 58 54 61 61 59 ** 62 55 61 60 61 59 57 62 62 56 59 ** 61 62 Income 96-100 Percentile 61 58 60 59 62 70 62 ** 67 58 65 60 65* 64 56 61 62 58 65 ** 59 66 Professionals 61 ** 59 56 61 60 58 ** 63 54 60 59 62 59 55 62 59 55 59 ** 58 ** White Collar 58 ** 57 53 61 63 59 ** 63 53 61 59 62 60 56 60 59 57 58 ** 64 ** Blue Collar 54 ** 55 50 60 60 57 ** 63 52 58 57 59 59 55 61 60 57 58 ** 61 ** Unskilled 51* ** 58* 52* 56* 59* 61 ** 63* 54* 54 62 61 56 58 51* 59* 56* 56* ** 61* ** Farmers 54 ** 58 48 67 66 60 ** 61* 53* 63 56 62 59 57 64* 66* 65* 63* ** 69* ** Housewives 57 ** 57 55 64 65 62 ** 63 54 62 61 63 61 59 61 59 59 61 ** 64 ** Union Households 53 54 56 49 61 60 57 ** 61 52 57 58 59 59 55 59 58 55 54 57 58 56 Non-Union Households 58 57 57 54 62 62 60 ** 63 53 61 59 62 60 56 61 60 57 59 58 61 61 South 57 58 58 54 65 62 60 ** 65 57 61 61 62 61 58 63 61 59 60 59 63 63 Nonsouth 57 55 57 53 60 61 58 ** 62 52 59 57 61 59 55 60 59 55 58 57 60 58 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 56 60* 56 56 57 56 60 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 63 54 59 57 60 60 55 60 58 57 58 58 61 61 Born 1943-1958 56* 53 56 52 58 57 55 ** 61 53 60 59 61 58 55 62 60 55 58 56 62 65 Born 1927-1942 55 57 56 52 60 61 60 ** 63 54 60 59 61 61 57 63 63 56 61 60 65 66 Born 1911-1926 57 55 57 53 65 64 62 ** 63 53 59 58 62 60 56 58 59 58 61 62 57 ** Born 1895-1910 58 57 59 53 66 67 63 ** 65 53 62 61 64 54 60 62* 51* 56* 75* 56* ** ** Born before 1895 58 56 59 56 65 69 67* ** 39* 39* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 53 53 54 48 58 58 55 ** 58 49 54 54 55 55 50 56 54 51 54 51 53 54 Independents & Apolitical 54 53 57 51 60 60 57 ** 59 53 59 56 59 59 54 54 56 54 53 49 57 57 Republicans (incl leaners) 65 62 63 62 66 67 65 ** 70 60 66 66 68 66 63 68 67 64 66 66 70 69 Liberals ** ** ** ** 49 50 49 ** 50 43 50 46 51 48 44 49 47 40 48 47 45 48 Moderates ** ** ** ** 62 60 58 ** 63 51 58 57 59 62 54 58 58 56 55 55 58 57 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 72 74 67 ** 72 65 70 68 70 69 66 70 69 67 68 70 73 72 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 3.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 Table 3.3 Conservatism Index 1964-2008 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Average Score on Index 51 52 52 54 53 52 52 ** 54 52 51 51 54 51 51 54 53 51 51 52 52 51 Source: The National Election Studies From 0-100 thermometer scores. In the final thermometer data, scores of 97 to 100 are collapsed to 97. In 1964, 1966 and 1968, DK was scored as 50. This represents variables VCF0801 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 13AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Conservatism Index 1964-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: AVERAGE SCORE ON INDEX '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 51 51 52 55 53 53 52 ** 55 54 52 52 54 51 53 56 55 52 52 53 53 53 Females 50 52 51 53 53 52 52 ** 54 51 50 51 53 51 50 53 51 50 50 52 50 50 Whites 52 52 52 55 54 53 53 ** 56 53 51 52 55 52 52 55 54 52 52 53 52 53 Blacks 42 47 47 40 39 45 41 ** 44 46 46 44 46 44 45 48 47 46 46 49 49 46 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 48 51 51 52 52 53 50 ** 55 50 50 49 53 50 50 53 50 53 49 52* 52* 49 High School Diploma 51 52 52 54 53 53 53 ** 54 54 50 51 53 51 51 54 52 51 51 52 53 51 Some College, no Degree 53 51 53 56 53 52 51 ** 56 52 52 53 55 51 50 56 53 50 51 53 53 52 College Degree/ Post-grad 52 53 51 52 51 51 52 ** 54 51 51 51 53 49 52 55 54 51 51 52 49 51 Income 0-16 Percentile 49 51 51 50 50 49 49 ** 52 51 47 49 51 50 48 50 48 50 47 ** 49 49 Income 17-33 Percentile 49 51 51 52 52 49 50 ** 54 50 49 50 53 49 50 50 52 50 50 ** 50 50 Income 34-67 Percentile 49 51 52 53 53 52 52 ** 53 52 51 52 54 51 51 55 52 50 51 ** 52 51 Income 68-95 Percentile 53 52 52 55 54 54 53 ** 56 53 52 53 54 51 53 57 55 52 52 ** 53 53 Income 96-100 Percentile 54 52 52 54 54 60 56 ** 60 58 57 52 57* 55 53 55 56 53 54 ** 52 57 Professionals 54 ** 52 55 53 52 53 ** 56 53 51 52 54 50 51 55 53 51 51 ** 49 ** White Collar 51 ** 52 53 53 53 52 ** 55 52 51 52 54 51 51 54 53 52 50 ** 54 ** Blue Collar 48 ** 51 52 51 52 51 ** 54 52 50 51 53 51 50 54 52 51 51 ** 52 ** Unskilled 49* ** 51* 46* 48* 50* 52 ** 52* 54* 47 51 53 48 52 51* 48* 53* 49* ** 50* ** Farmers 52 ** 55 51 57 57 54 ** 54* 57* 58 52 55 55 55 55* 59* 47* 56* ** 58* ** Housewives 50 ** 52 56 56 55 54 ** 54 53 53 53 54 53 53 56 55 55 54 ** 57 ** Union Households 47 50 51 51 52 52 50 ** 53 51 49 50 52 50 50 53 51 51 47 50 50 49 Non-Union Households 52 52 52 54 53 53 53 ** 55 53 51 52 54 51 51 55 53 51 52 53 52 51 South 53 54 53 56 54 54 52 ** 56 55 52 53 54 52 52 55 53 53 52 54 54 53 Nonsouth 50 51 51 53 52 52 52 ** 54 52 50 51 53 51 51 54 52 50 50 52 51 50 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43* 52 49* 49 46 49 49 51 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 52 50 49 51 50 50 53 52 51 51 53 52 52 Born 1943-1958 51* 47 50 52 49 49 49 ** 53 51 50 51 53 50 51 55 53 51 51 52 53 55 Born 1927-1942 49 51 51 53 52 54 54 ** 57 54 52 54 55 54 53 58 55 52 54 54 54 55 Born 1911-1926 51 52 52 54 56 55 54 ** 56 54 51 52 55 52 51 54 52 53 50 54 50 ** Born 1895-1910 52 52 53 54 56 54 54 ** 56 55 52 55 57 50 54 58* 52* 48* 62* 60* ** ** Born before 1895 52 53 53 57 53 58 57* ** 43* 53* 41* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 47 49 49 49 49 48 48 ** 49 47 45 46 47 46 45 47 45 45 44 46 44 44 Independents & Apolitical 50 51 52 55 52 52 51 ** 53 53 50 50 53 51 50 51 50 50 49 49 49 50 Republicans (incl leaners) 57 58 57 61 59 60 59 ** 63 60 57 60 60 57 60 64 62 59 59 60 61 61 Liberals ** ** ** ** 38 39 40 ** 40 37 41 38 43 37 38 39 39 36 40 40 37 39 Moderates ** ** ** ** 53 52 52 ** 53 51 49 50 51 51 50 50 50 51 47 49 48 49 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 64 65 61 ** 65 64 60 62 62 61 62 66 64 61 61 63 63 62 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 3.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10