THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Power of the Federal Government 1964-2000 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Govt. Not Too Strong 36 27 30 33 27 ** 20 14 15 ** 22 ** 19 ** 17 ** ** ** 17 Govt. Too Powerful 30 39 40 31 41 ** 49 43 49 ** 32 ** 33 ** 40 ** ** ** 39 Don't Know, No Interest 34 34 29 36 32 ** 31 43 36 ** 46 ** 47 ** 43 ** ** ** 44 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1569 1286 1552 1499 1318 2856 2276 1405 973 1772 2200 1540 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4A.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Some people are afraid the government in Washington is getting too powerful for the good of the country and the individual person. Others feel that the government in Washington is not getting too strong (1964,1966,1970: has not gotten too strong for the good of the country)." 1964-1972: "Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other?"/ 1976-1992: "Do you have an opinion on this or not?" ALL YEARS: (IF YES:) "What is your feeling, do you think the government is getting too powerful or do you think the government is not getting too strong?" This question is variable VCF0829 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Power of the Federal Government 1964-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. Not Too Strong' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 39 29 31 34 27 ** 22 18 17 ** 24 ** 21 ** 18 ** ** ** 22 Females 34 25 30 32 27 ** 18 10 14 ** 21 ** 18 ** 16 ** ** ** 14 Whites 33 26 28 32 26 ** 18 13 14 ** 24 ** 20 ** 16 ** ** ** 18 Blacks 57 38 48 49 32 ** 29 15 22 ** 20 ** 21 ** 21 ** ** ** 18 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 37 24 31 31 23 ** 21 15 21 ** 10 ** 16 ** 18 ** ** ** 7 High School Diploma 36 27 30 34 26 ** 17 11 14 ** 19 ** 16 ** 14 ** ** ** 13 Some College, no Degree 38 29 29 30 35 ** 21 16 13 ** 29 ** 22 ** 16 ** ** ** 17 College Degree/ Post-grad 33 29 30 37 26 ** 23 18 17 ** 32 ** 24 ** 24 ** ** ** 28 Income 0-16 Percentile 36 22 31 33 25 ** 22 12 15 ** 10 ** 18 ** 16 ** ** ** 11 Income 17-33 Percentile 40 32 28 33 25 ** 19 15 20 ** 21 ** 17 ** 18 ** ** ** 14 Income 34-67 Percentile 40 28 30 32 27 ** 20 14 14 ** 24 ** 18 ** 16 ** ** ** 17 Income 68-95 Percentile 34 28 32 36 29 ** 21 15 17 ** 25 ** 24 ** 19 ** ** ** 25 Income 96-100 Percentile 26 32 28 30 27 ** 17 15 12 ** 49 ** 31* ** 18 ** ** ** 26 Professionals 31 ** 27 33 30 ** 24 16 14 ** 32 ** 23 ** 22 ** ** ** 25 White Collar 37 ** 31 31 28 ** 19 12 12 ** 20 ** 21 ** 16 ** ** ** 15 Blue Collar 41 ** 32 37 26 ** 19 15 15 ** 21 ** 19 ** 16 ** ** ** 13 Unskilled 47* ** 48* 46* 19* ** 18 15 25* ** 19* ** 10* ** 16* ** ** ** 14* Farmers 42 ** 37 29 34* ** 19 2* 18* ** 9* ** 15 ** 9 ** ** ** 20* Housewives 31 ** 27 30 24 ** 16 9 16 ** 18 ** 15 ** 14 ** ** ** 11 Union Households 43 33 34 35 27 ** 23 14 17 ** 28 ** 20 ** 19 ** ** ** 21 Non-Union Households 34 25 29 33 27 ** 19 14 15 ** 21 ** 19 ** 17 ** ** ** 17 South 28 18 25 30 26 ** 14 14 16 ** 19 ** 16 ** 16 ** ** ** 15 Nonsouth 38 29 32 35 27 ** 21 13 15 ** 24 ** 21 ** 18 ** ** ** 19 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* ** ** ** 12 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 18 17 ** 21 ** 17 ** 15 ** ** ** 18 Born 1943-1958 27* 40 33 36 25 ** 20 13 14 ** 26 ** 18 ** 19 ** ** ** 19 Born 1927-1942 38 27 27 34 26 ** 17 14 14 ** 20 ** 23 ** 19 ** ** ** 16 Born 1911-1926 36 29 35 35 29 ** 22 12 17 ** 22 ** 19 ** 17 ** ** ** 22 Born 1895-1910 33 24 26 30 28 ** 18 15 17 ** 11 ** 24 ** 17 ** ** ** 10* Born before 1895 32 16 29 28 26* ** 23 28* 22* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 45 35 37 36 27 ** 23 16 21 ** 20 ** 19 ** 20 ** ** ** 22 Independents & Apoliticals 28 22 30 30 19 ** 17 10 8 ** 23 ** 13 ** 12 ** ** ** 11 Republicans (incl leaners) 21 15 19 29 30 ** 16 12 10 ** 25 ** 22 ** 14 ** ** ** 14 Liberals ** ** ** ** 33 ** 27 20 25 ** 30 ** 24 ** 26 ** ** ** 25 Moderates ** ** ** ** 33 ** 23 16 15 ** 28 ** 22 ** 18 ** ** ** 26 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 27 ** 17 13 11 ** 25 ** 20 ** 16 ** ** ** 16 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Power of the Federal Government 1964-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. Too Powerful' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 36 42 49 36 46 ** 57 50 57 ** 39 ** 42 ** 48 ** ** ** 46 Females 25 36 34 27 38 ** 44 38 42 ** 26 ** 27 ** 33 ** ** ** 33 Whites 33 42 44 33 42 ** 53 46 54 ** 35 ** 36 ** 44 ** ** ** 41 Blacks 5 13 9 14 31 ** 25 21 21 ** 18 ** 20 ** 25 ** ** ** 19 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 18 32 30 26 35 ** 33 28 29 ** 23 ** 22 ** 29 ** ** ** 31 High School Diploma 29 37 39 29 39 ** 49 40 45 ** 31 ** 29 ** 37 ** ** ** 35 Some College, no Degree 41 48 48 42 44 ** 57 48 57 ** 33 ** 37 ** 45 ** ** ** 43 College Degree/ Post-grad 49 50 55 37 55 ** 60 59 62 ** 37 ** 44 ** 44 ** ** ** 41 Income 0-16 Percentile 21 32 29 23 33 ** 31 34 36 ** 33 ** 25 ** 30 ** ** ** 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 25 32 35 29 43 ** 44 34 44 ** 28 ** 31 ** 33 ** ** ** 40 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 37 42 32 40 ** 49 48 53 ** 35 ** 37 ** 41 ** ** ** 42 Income 68-95 Percentile 37 44 46 34 46 ** 59 48 53 ** 35 ** 38 ** 46 ** ** ** 39 Income 96-100 Percentile 48 45 57 39 52 ** 71 58 64 ** 25 ** 27* ** 49 ** ** ** 54 Professionals 48 ** 57 36 49 ** 57 54 60 ** 35 ** 40 ** 44 ** ** ** 41 White Collar 39 ** 39 34 48 ** 50 41 49 ** 38 ** 33 ** 42 ** ** ** 38 Blue Collar 22 ** 36 28 39 ** 50 38 45 ** 27 ** 30 ** 37 ** ** ** 38 Unskilled 6* ** 30* 13* 33* ** 51 39 35* ** 24* ** 37* ** 45* ** ** ** 33* Farmers 27 ** 38 43 34* ** 41 60* 54* ** 44* ** 36 ** 41 ** ** ** 58* Housewives 25 ** 36 29 37 ** 42 41 44 ** 27 ** 26 ** 38 ** ** ** 40 Union Households 21 33 37 27 41 ** 49 40 47 ** 26 ** 34 ** 37 ** ** ** 40 Non-Union Households 33 41 42 32 42 ** 49 44 49 ** 34 ** 33 ** 41 ** ** ** 38 South 36 48 46 38 43 ** 48 41 46 ** 29 ** 29 ** 36 ** ** ** 40 Nonsouth 28 36 39 28 41 ** 50 44 50 ** 33 ** 35 ** 42 ** ** ** 38 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* ** ** ** 27 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 21 ** 18 ** 27 ** 34 ** ** ** 36 Born 1943-1958 38* 25 37 24 41 ** 48 42 45 ** 30 ** 37 ** 41 ** ** ** 43 Born 1927-1942 26 37 43 33 44 ** 56 47 60 ** 36 ** 33 ** 45 ** ** ** 48 Born 1911-1926 31 37 40 32 41 ** 51 44 53 ** 38 ** 35 ** 45 ** ** ** 36 Born 1895-1910 34 45 41 31 38 ** 40 40 47 ** 40 ** 27 ** 40 ** ** ** 0* Born before 1895 32 47 35 29 38* ** 34 32* 33* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 19 30 31 28 41 ** 45 37 38 ** 31 ** 30 ** 32 ** ** ** 28 Independents & Apoliticals 24 34 38 31 40 ** 48 40 46 ** 23 ** 30 ** 41 ** ** ** 30 Republicans (incl leaners) 54 57 57 36 42 ** 57 56 65 ** 36 ** 38 ** 50 ** ** ** 55 Liberals ** ** ** ** 49 ** 54 43 46 ** 29 ** 32 ** 34 ** ** ** 30 Moderates ** ** ** ** 39 ** 51 44 54 ** 36 ** 33 ** 45 ** ** ** 28 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 49 ** 65 61 62 ** 43 ** 44 ** 52 ** ** ** 59 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Power of the Federal Government 1964-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Don't Know, No Interest' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 26 29 21 30 27 ** 22 33 26 ** 37 ** 36 ** 34 ** ** ** 32 Females 41 39 36 40 36 ** 38 52 44 ** 53 ** 55 ** 50 ** ** ** 53 Whites 33 33 28 36 31 ** 29 40 32 ** 41 ** 43 ** 40 ** ** ** 41 Blacks 38 50 44 37 37 ** 45 65 56 ** 62 ** 59 ** 54 ** ** ** 62 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 45 44 39 43 41 ** 46 57 50 ** 66 ** 63 ** 53 ** ** ** 62 High School Diploma 35 35 30 36 35 ** 34 49 42 ** 50 ** 55 ** 50 ** ** ** 52 Some College, no Degree 20 24 23 29 21 ** 22 36 29 ** 38 ** 40 ** 39 ** ** ** 40 College Degree/ Post-grad 19 20 15 26 18 ** 17 23 21 ** 31 ** 32 ** 32 ** ** ** 32 Income 0-16 Percentile 44 46 40 44 42 ** 47 54 49 ** 56 ** 57 ** 54 ** ** ** 61 Income 17-33 Percentile 35 35 36 38 32 ** 37 51 36 ** 51 ** 52 ** 49 ** ** ** 46 Income 34-67 Percentile 34 35 28 36 33 ** 31 38 33 ** 41 ** 45 ** 42 ** ** ** 41 Income 68-95 Percentile 29 29 21 30 25 ** 20 37 30 ** 40 ** 38 ** 35 ** ** ** 36 Income 96-100 Percentile 25 23 15 31 21 ** 11 27 24 ** 25 ** 42* ** 33 ** ** ** 20 Professionals 20 ** 16 31 21 ** 20 30 27 ** 33 ** 37 ** 34 ** ** ** 34 White Collar 24 ** 30 35 24 ** 31 47 39 ** 42 ** 46 ** 42 ** ** ** 47 Blue Collar 37 ** 31 35 35 ** 31 47 39 ** 51 ** 51 ** 47 ** ** ** 49 Unskilled 47* ** 22* 42* 48* ** 31 46 40* ** 57* ** 54* ** 39* ** ** ** 53* Farmers 31 ** 25 29 31* ** 40 37* 29* ** 47* ** 49 ** 50 ** ** ** 22* Housewives 44 ** 37 41 39 ** 42 50 40 ** 56 ** 59 ** 48 ** ** ** 48 Union Households 36 34 30 38 32 ** 28 46 36 ** 46 ** 45 ** 44 ** ** ** 39 Non-Union Households 33 34 29 35 32 ** 32 42 36 ** 45 ** 48 ** 43 ** ** ** 45 South 36 34 29 32 31 ** 38 45 38 ** 52 ** 55 ** 49 ** ** ** 45 Nonsouth 34 35 29 37 32 ** 29 43 36 ** 43 ** 44 ** 40 ** ** ** 43 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 77* ** ** ** 62 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 62 ** 61 ** 56 ** 51 ** ** ** 46 Born 1943-1958 35* 35 30 40 34 ** 32 45 41 ** 44 ** 45 ** 40 ** ** ** 39 Born 1927-1942 36 36 30 32 30 ** 27 39 26 ** 44 ** 43 ** 37 ** ** ** 36 Born 1911-1926 33 34 25 33 29 ** 27 44 30 ** 40 ** 46 ** 38 ** ** ** 42 Born 1895-1910 32 31 32 39 34 ** 42 45 36 ** 49 ** 49 ** 43 ** ** ** 90* Born before 1895 36 38 36 43 36* ** 43 40* 44* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 36 35 32 35 32 ** 33 47 41 ** 49 ** 50 ** 47 ** ** ** 51 Independents & Apoliticals 47 45 32 39 41 ** 35 51 47 ** 54 ** 57 ** 47 ** ** ** 59 Republicans (incl leaners) 25 28 24 35 27 ** 27 32 25 ** 39 ** 41 ** 36 ** ** ** 31 Liberals ** ** ** ** 18 ** 19 38 28 ** 41 ** 43 ** 40 ** ** ** 45 Moderates ** ** ** ** 27 ** 26 41 31 ** 37 ** 45 ** 37 ** ** ** 46 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 24 ** 17 26 27 ** 32 ** 36 ** 32 ** ** ** 25 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Support for Health Care 1956-1968 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 Help People Get Care 54 ** 60 61 50 ** 52 Govt. Should Stay Out 26 ** 20 24 28 ** 27 Don't Know, No Interest 20 ** 20 15 22 ** 21 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1758 1918 1283 1563 1553 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4A.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1956,1960: "'The government ought to help people get doctors and hospital care at low cost.'" (CARD WITH RESPONSE CHOICES SHOWN TO R) 1962: "'The government ought to help people get doctors and hospital care at low cost.' Do you have an opinion on this or not?" (IF YES:) "Do you agree that the government should do this or do you think the government should not do it?" 1964,1968: "Some say the government in Washington ought to help people get doctors and hospital care at low cost; others say the government should not get into this. Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other?" (IF YES) "What is your position?" This question is variable VCF0805 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Support for Health Care 1956-1968 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. help' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 Males 56 ** 59 63 51 ** 54 Females 52 ** 61 60 49 ** 50 Whites 52 ** 57 59 46 ** 48 Blacks 80 ** 91 88 81 ** 84 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 69 ** 77 78 64 ** 67 High School Diploma 52 ** 58 60 49 ** 50 Some College, no Degree 37 ** 48 46 35 ** 40 College Degree/ Post-grad 32 ** 35 42 37 ** 45 Income 0-16 Percentile 65 ** 88 75 65 ** 66 Income 17-33 Percentile 63 ** 67 65 52 ** 57 Income 34-67 Percentile 51 ** 58 61 52 ** 48 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** 47 53 40 ** 46 Income 96-100 Percentile 40 ** 53 40 34 ** 42 Professionals 39 ** 43 ** 36 ** 48 White Collar 47 ** 50 ** 42 ** 42 Blue Collar 60 ** 68 ** 59 ** 59 Unskilled 68 ** 76* ** 69* ** 67* Farmers 64 ** 67 ** 59 ** 53 Housewives 54 ** 64 ** 51 ** 50 Union Households 57 ** 65 ** 55 ** 56 Non-Union Households 53 ** 58 ** 48 ** 51 South 62 ** 62 59 50 ** 54 Nonsouth 51 ** 59 62 50 ** 51 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 65* ** 48 Born 1927-1942 52 ** 58 55 47 ** 47 Born 1911-1926 51 ** 52 61 48 ** 51 Born 1895-1910 56 ** 66 67 54 ** 62 Born before 1895 62 ** 76 65 53 ** 54 Democrats (incl leaners) 63 ** 65 70 60 ** 63 Independents & Apoliticals 53 ** 67 62 50 ** 51 Republicans (incl leaners) 42 ** 52 48 29 ** 34 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Support for Health Care 1956-1968 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. Should Stay Out' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 Males 27 ** 24 24 30 ** 27 Females 25 ** 16 24 26 ** 26 Whites 28 ** 22 26 31 ** 29 Blacks 3 ** 1 1 4 ** 3 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 12 ** 8 7 11 ** 15 High School Diploma 27 ** 19 23 29 ** 27 Some College, no Degree 47 ** 31 45 43 ** 38 College Degree/ Post-grad 45 ** 44 46 45 ** 35 Income 0-16 Percentile 10 ** 4 11 14 ** 18 Income 17-33 Percentile 19 ** 12 20 22 ** 20 Income 34-67 Percentile 28 ** 18 22 27 ** 31 Income 68-95 Percentile 36 ** 30 36 38 ** 31 Income 96-100 Percentile 45 ** 40 55 45 ** 37 Professionals 39 ** 35 ** 39 ** 34 White Collar 35 ** 27 ** 37 ** 34 Blue Collar 21 ** 13 ** 21 ** 20 Unskilled 9 ** 11* ** 6* ** 11* Farmers 25 ** 20 ** 27 ** 28 Housewives 24 ** 16 ** 25 ** 26 Union Households 23 ** 13 ** 23 ** 21 Non-Union Households 27 ** 22 ** 30 ** 29 South 21 ** 22 26 25 ** 26 Nonsouth 28 ** 19 23 29 ** 27 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 19* ** 26 Born 1927-1942 25 ** 22 26 28 ** 29 Born 1911-1926 29 ** 26 27 29 ** 27 Born 1895-1910 28 ** 14 18 29 ** 23 Born before 1895 17 ** 11 20 21 ** 25 Democrats (incl leaners) 19 ** 15 15 18 ** 18 Independents & Apoliticals 21 ** 13 19 22 ** 24 Republicans (incl leaners) 37 ** 29 38 50 ** 42 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Support for Health Care 1956-1968 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Don't Know, No Interest' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 Males 17 ** 17 14 19 ** 19 Females 22 ** 22 16 25 ** 23 Whites 20 ** 21 15 23 ** 22 Blacks 16 ** 7 11 15 ** 13 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 19 ** 15 15 24 ** 18 High School Diploma 21 ** 23 17 22 ** 23 Some College, no Degree 17 ** 21 9 22 ** 22 College Degree/ Post-grad 23 ** 21 13 19 ** 20 Income 0-16 Percentile 25 ** 8 14 21 ** 16 Income 17-33 Percentile 18 ** 21 15 26 ** 23 Income 34-67 Percentile 21 ** 24 17 21 ** 22 Income 68-95 Percentile 17 ** 23 11 22 ** 23 Income 96-100 Percentile 15 ** 7 5 21 ** 22 Professionals 22 ** 22 ** 25 ** 18 White Collar 19 ** 23 ** 21 ** 24 Blue Collar 19 ** 20 ** 20 ** 22 Unskilled 23 ** 14* ** 25* ** 22* Farmers 11 ** 13 ** 14 ** 18 Housewives 22 ** 20 ** 24 ** 24 Union Households 20 ** 22 ** 22 ** 23 Non-Union Households 20 ** 20 ** 22 ** 21 South 17 ** 16 16 25 ** 19 Nonsouth 21 ** 22 15 21 ** 22 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 15* ** 26 Born 1927-1942 24 ** 21 19 24 ** 24 Born 1911-1926 20 ** 22 12 22 ** 22 Born 1895-1910 16 ** 19 15 17 ** 15 Born before 1895 22 ** 13 14 25 ** 21 Democrats (incl leaners) 18 ** 20 15 22 ** 19 Independents & Apoliticals 26 ** 20 19 28 ** 26 Republicans (incl leaners) 21 ** 20 13 21 ** 23 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Health Insurance 1970-2004 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Govt. Insurance Plan 1 25 25 ** 22 23 ** ** 13 ** 16 ** 20 16 13 ** 16 ** 19 2 8 6 ** 7 7 ** ** 9 ** 9 ** 12 8 10 ** 10 ** 11 3 7 6 ** 6 6 ** ** 9 ** 10 ** 12 11 12 ** 14 ** 12 4 13 12 ** 10 11 ** ** 17 ** 16 ** 18 19 19 ** 19 ** 17 5 5 5 ** 7 7 ** ** 13 ** 12 ** 10 12 14 ** 13 ** 13 6 8 5 ** 8 9 ** ** 12 ** 9 ** 7 12 11 ** 9 ** 10 Private Insurance Plan 7 21 23 ** 20 18 ** ** 10 ** 11 ** 7 13 10 ** 10 ** 8 DK, Haven't Thought 14 18 ** 21 17 ** ** 18 ** 16 ** 14 8 12 ** 9 ** 9 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1489 1355 2843 2282 967 2028 2477 1773 1712 981 1211 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4A.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Some (1988,1994-later: people) feel there should be a government insurance plan which would cover all medical and hospital expenses (1984 and later: for everyone)...Others feel that (1988,1994-1996: all) medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and through private insurance (1984 and later: plans) like Blue Cross (1984-1994: or [1996:some] other company paid plans).. Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought much about this?" (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) This question is variable VCF0806 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Health Insurance 1970-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. Insurance Plan (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 38 39 ** 35 39 ** ** 30 ** 34 ** 43 33 32 ** 39 ** 40 Females 39 36 ** 35 36 ** ** 32 ** 37 ** 46 37 37 ** 42 ** 45 Whites 36 35 ** 33 36 ** ** 30 ** 32 ** 43 32 32 ** 39 ** 41 Blacks 69 62 ** 48 46 ** ** 38 ** 42 ** 52 50 46 ** 46 ** 46 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 46 42 ** 38 46 ** ** 29 ** 37 ** 44 35 42 ** 50* ** 35 High School Diploma 37 34 ** 34 35 ** ** 32 ** 37 ** 44 37 37 ** 43 ** 47 Some College, no Degree 39 35 ** 37 40 ** ** 34 ** 36 ** 48 34 36 ** 38 ** 42 College Degree/ Post-grad 33 45 ** 32 33 ** ** 26 ** 31 ** 43 32 27 ** 37 ** 39 Income 0-16 Percentile 50 45 ** 49 46 ** ** 29 ** 45 ** 49 41 45 ** 51 ** 57 Income 17-33 Percentile 51 37 ** 39 46 ** ** 35 ** 39 ** 47 46 40 ** 42 ** 48 Income 34-67 Percentile 36 39 ** 34 37 ** ** 33 ** 38 ** 44 35 36 ** 41 ** 43 Income 68-95 Percentile 34 34 ** 31 33 ** ** 29 ** 29 ** 44 29 31 ** 39 ** 36 Income 96-100 Percentile 30 25 ** 21 27 ** ** 14* ** 17* ** 31 22 16 ** 28* ** 29 Professionals 34 37 ** 32 36 ** ** 28 ** 34 ** 45 29 29 ** 35 ** 40 White Collar 36 42 ** 34 39 ** ** 29 ** 36 ** 44 37 34 ** 42 ** 38 Blue Collar 42 41 ** 41 41 ** ** 38 ** 38 ** 48 40 39 ** 45 ** 49 Unskilled 58* 48* ** 33 49 ** ** 19* ** 26 ** 40 47 40* ** 61* ** 44* Farmers 49 32* ** 29 28* ** ** 26* ** 40 ** 32 30* 26* ** 39* ** 35* Housewives 37 32 ** 28 30 ** ** 24 ** 34 ** 40 26 38 ** 33 ** 40 Union Households 41 43 ** 36 41 ** ** 35 ** 36 ** 52 36 36 ** 42 ** 44 Non-Union Households 38 35 ** 35 36 ** ** 30 ** 36 ** 43 35 34 ** 40 ** 42 South 33 33 ** 29 32 ** ** 31 ** 33 ** 38 33 35 ** 38 ** 37 Nonsouth 41 39 ** 37 39 ** ** 31 ** 37 ** 48 36 35 ** 42 ** 45 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 51 38 ** 49 ** 51 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** 26 ** ** 26 ** 35 ** 44 36 35 ** 37 ** 41 Born 1943-1958 39 39 ** 38 36 ** ** 32 ** 37 ** 48 36 36 ** 42 ** 43 Born 1927-1942 36 37 ** 32 36 ** ** 30 ** 34 ** 44 34 35 ** 39 ** 37 Born 1911-1926 38 34 ** 34 39 ** ** 31 ** 35 ** 41 29 27 ** 39 ** 32 Born 1895-1910 44 41 ** 35 44 ** ** 31 ** 40 ** 33 13* 40* ** 0* ** ** Born before 1895 43 39 ** 32 42* ** ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 47 43 ** 42 45 ** ** 36 ** 44 ** 56 47 46 ** 48 ** 56 Independents & Apoliticals 36 37 ** 36 33 ** ** 36 ** 36 ** 44 40 36 ** 43 ** 43 Republicans (incl leaners) 26 29 ** 24 25 ** ** 24 ** 26 ** 30 20 19 ** 27 ** 27 Liberals ** 57 ** 56 56 ** ** 43 ** 51 ** 66 59 45 ** 54 ** 64 Moderates ** 38 ** 34 38 ** ** 34 ** 38 ** 45 39 41 ** 43 ** 46 Conservatives ** 29 ** 22 26 ** ** 23 ** 29 ** 34 20 19 ** 21 ** 25 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Health Insurance 1970-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Private Insurance Plan (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 38 33 ** 37 38 ** ** 39 ** 37 ** 29 42 40 ** 34 ** 36 Females 32 33 ** 33 32 ** ** 30 ** 29 ** 20 33 31 ** 30 ** 27 Whites 37 35 ** 37 37 ** ** 36 ** 36 ** 26 41 38 ** 34 ** 34 Blacks 15 18 ** 16 20 ** ** 24 ** 25 ** 18 18 26 ** 26 ** 25 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 21 24 ** 23 19 ** ** 25 ** 19 ** 17 27 29 ** 11* ** 30 High School Diploma 37 35 ** 34 33 ** ** 32 ** 30 ** 20 33 29 ** 29 ** 25 Some College, no Degree 42 36 ** 37 36 ** ** 33 ** 37 ** 28 41 39 ** 38 ** 35 College Degree/ Post-grad 46 36 ** 44 50 ** ** 46 ** 39 ** 30 47 45 ** 37 ** 37 Income 0-16 Percentile 15 19 ** 15 19 ** ** 26 ** 21 ** 14 22 18 ** 25 ** 14 Income 17-33 Percentile 22 35 ** 27 26 ** ** 28 ** 25 ** 20 27 26 ** 27 ** 27 Income 34-67 Percentile 36 34 ** 36 37 ** ** 34 ** 32 ** 25 39 38 ** 31 ** 31 Income 68-95 Percentile 44 38 ** 44 39 ** ** 40 ** 42 ** 31 47 44 ** 39 ** 43 Income 96-100 Percentile 56 49 ** 55 56 ** ** 56* ** 60* ** 35 48 50 ** 41* ** 44 Professionals 45 39 ** 41 44 ** ** 44 ** 37 ** 28 45 44 ** 38 ** 36 White Collar 36 33 ** 41 36 ** ** 34 ** 37 ** 23 39 32 ** 32 ** 38 Blue Collar 31 29 ** 29 29 ** ** 29 ** 28 ** 22 32 31 ** 26 ** 25 Unskilled 29* 33* ** 32 20 ** ** 48* ** 38 ** 22 25 25* ** 21* ** 18* Farmers 28 26* ** 37 40* ** ** 35* ** 34 ** 30 41* 44* ** 34* ** 46* Housewives 31 34 ** 34 34 ** ** 26 ** 28 ** 24 36 35 ** 38 ** 26 Union Households 32 30 ** 34 32 ** ** 32 ** 31 ** 23 36 33 ** 29 ** 29 Non-Union Households 35 34 ** 34 35 ** ** 35 ** 33 ** 25 37 36 ** 33 ** 32 South 42 39 ** 32 35 ** ** 32 ** 34 ** 24 34 34 ** 31 ** 32 Nonsouth 32 31 ** 35 34 ** ** 35 ** 32 ** 24 39 36 ** 33 ** 31 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 18 27 ** 22 ** 26 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** 39 ** ** 37 ** 34 ** 25 37 36 ** 32 ** 33 Born 1943-1958 34 32 ** 34 35 ** ** 34 ** 35 ** 22 40 37 ** 34 ** 32 Born 1927-1942 41 37 ** 38 38 ** ** 37 ** 33 ** 25 38 35 ** 37 ** 32 Born 1911-1926 39 38 ** 37 33 ** ** 35 ** 26 ** 25 39 33 ** 32 ** 38 Born 1895-1910 25 25 ** 24 28 ** ** 20 ** 27 ** 21 41* 46* ** 85* ** ** Born before 1895 20 16 ** 32 25* ** ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 28 28 ** 27 28 ** ** 27 ** 22 ** 15 23 24 ** 23 ** 18 Independents & Apoliticals 33 28 ** 31 29 ** ** 29 ** 26 ** 18 23 25 ** 22 ** 27 Republicans (incl leaners) 46 42 ** 48 50 ** ** 43 ** 46 ** 38 57 54 ** 49 ** 49 Liberals ** 26 ** 21 28 ** ** 36 ** 25 ** 15 18 25 ** 18 ** 14 Moderates ** 36 ** 40 31 ** ** 38 ** 31 ** 23 30 28 ** 25 ** 27 Conservatives ** 46 ** 52 53 ** ** 43 ** 46 ** 38 58 59 ** 52 ** 53 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (1) 1956-2002 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 Govt. See to Jobs 57 57 59 ** 31 ** 31 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 21 Each Person on His Own 27 26 24 ** 43 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 Don't Know, No Interest 17 17 18 ** 26 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1758 1808 1919 1569 1551 1317 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4A.4a Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1956-1960: "'The government in Washington ought to see to it that everybody who wants to work can find a job.'" 1964,1968: "In general, some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it that every person has a job and a good standard of living. Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on his own. Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other." (IF YES:) "Do you think that the government --" 2002: Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that every person has A JOB AND A GOOD STANDARD OF LIVING. Others think the government should just LET EACH PERSON GET AHEAD ON THEIR OWN. Which is closer to the way you feel or haven't you thought much about this? This question is variable VCF0808 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (1) 1956-2002 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. See to Job/Std.' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 Males 57 54 57 ** 31 ** 30 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Females 56 59 60 ** 31 ** 33 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Whites 54 54 56 ** 26 ** 27 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Blacks 84 84 88 ** 75 ** 75 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 27 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 71 70 72 ** 42 ** 42 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22* High School Diploma 54 57 56 ** 31 ** 30 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22 Some College, no Degree 40 40 49 ** 20 ** 25 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 College Degree/ Post-grad 38 28 44 ** 20 ** 26 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 Income 0-16 Percentile 69 71 71 ** 43 ** 42 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 17-33 Percentile 63 64 62 ** 36 ** 33 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 34-67 Percentile 56 57 60 ** 31 ** 29 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 68-95 Percentile 47 49 51 ** 23 ** 27 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 96-100 Percentile 37 25 50 ** 19 ** 23 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Professionals 44 36 49 ** 20 ** 23 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** White Collar 55 45 54 ** 19 ** 27 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Blue Collar 63 67 64 ** 41 ** 38 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Unskilled 71 73 73* ** 61* ** 44* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Farmers 55 66 69 ** 41 ** 32 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Housewives 56 60 59 ** 31 ** 31 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Union Households 66 66 69 ** 34 ** 35 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Non-Union Households 53 53 55 ** 30 ** 30 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 21 South 62 61 60 ** 37 ** 32 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 Nonsouth 55 55 58 ** 29 ** 31 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 46* ** 34 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Born 1927-1942 57 59 61 ** 31 ** 35 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Born 1911-1926 53 53 53 ** 31 ** 30 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Born 1895-1910 57 58 63 ** 31 ** 30 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19* Born before 1895 64 58 64 ** 29 ** 24 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 63 62 66 ** 37 ** 39 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 Independents & Apoliticals 55 61 68 ** 30 ** 26 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Republicans (incl leaners) 48 46 47 ** 19 ** 21 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.4a.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (1) 1956-2002 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Each Person on His Own' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 Males 30 30 27 ** 46 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48 Females 24 23 21 ** 41 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 Whites 29 28 26 ** 47 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 Blacks 4 7 5 ** 11 ** 10 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 13 12 12 ** 31 ** 36 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* High School Diploma 28 26 25 ** 45 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 Some College, no Degree 45 43 32 ** 49 ** 55 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46 College Degree/ Post-grad 50 55 43 ** 56 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 Income 0-16 Percentile 11 10 11 ** 29 ** 34 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 17-33 Percentile 20 20 18 ** 39 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 34-67 Percentile 28 24 21 ** 42 ** 53 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 68-95 Percentile 37 36 33 ** 53 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 96-100 Percentile 47 60 36 ** 60 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Professionals 41 43 36 ** 54 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** White Collar 27 38 33 ** 51 ** 52 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Blue Collar 23 20 19 ** 37 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Unskilled 14 9 16* ** 22* ** 48* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Farmers 26 18 19 ** 41 ** 52 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Housewives 25 22 19 ** 40 ** 46 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Union Households 23 22 15 ** 40 ** 46 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 Non-Union Households 28 28 27 ** 44 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 South 19 22 24 ** 40 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 Nonsouth 29 28 24 ** 44 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 19* ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 47 Born 1927-1942 28 21 20 ** 41 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 Born 1911-1926 30 29 30 ** 45 ** 50 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 Born 1895-1910 25 27 20 ** 44 ** 49 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 24* Born before 1895 19 25 18 ** 44 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 22 21 19 ** 36 ** 39 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 32 Independents & Apoliticals 22 16 14 ** 39 ** 61 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 Republicans (incl leaners) 34 38 33 ** 58 ** 55 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.4a.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (1) 1956-2002 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Don't Know, No Interest' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 Males 14 16 16 ** 23 ** 20 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 Females 19 18 19 ** 28 ** 23 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 Whites 17 18 18 ** 27 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 Blacks 12 9 7 ** 13 ** 15 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 49 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 16 18 16 ** 27 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56* High School Diploma 18 16 19 ** 24 ** 20 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 Some College, no Degree 14 17 19 ** 31 ** 20 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 College Degree/ Post-grad 12 18 13 ** 24 ** 30 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 24 Income 0-16 Percentile 20 19 18 ** 28 ** 24 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 17-33 Percentile 17 15 20 ** 26 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 34-67 Percentile 16 19 19 ** 27 ** 18 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 68-95 Percentile 16 15 16 ** 24 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Income 96-100 Percentile 17 16 14 ** 21 ** 32 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Professionals 14 21 15 ** 26 ** 26 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** White Collar 18 17 13 ** 29 ** 21 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Blue Collar 13 13 16 ** 22 ** 18 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Unskilled 15 18 11* ** 17* ** 7* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Farmers 19 16 12 ** 19 ** 17 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Housewives 19 19 23 ** 29 ** 23 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Union Households 11 12 16 ** 25 ** 19 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 Non-Union Households 18 19 18 ** 26 ** 23 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 37 South 19 17 16 ** 23 ** 21 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 Nonsouth 16 17 18 ** 27 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 35* ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 Born 1927-1942 15 20 19 ** 28 ** 21 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 Born 1911-1926 17 17 17 ** 24 ** 20 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 Born 1895-1910 17 15 17 ** 24 ** 21 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57* Born before 1895 17 17 18 ** 28 ** 32 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 15 17 15 ** 26 ** 22 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 Independents & Apoliticals 23 23 18 ** 30 ** 13 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 Republicans (incl leaners) 17 16 20 ** 23 ** 25 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.4a.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (2), 7-point scale 1972-2004 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Govt. See to Job/Living 1 13 12 11 7 10 9 10 10 9 11 8 10 8 12 8 ** 12 2 6 5 5 3 7 6 7 6 6 8 8 7 7 8 5 ** 8 3 9 8 8 7 9 9 11 8 9 11 10 11 9 10 9 ** 11 4 20 20 17 19 18 20 20 21 18 18 20 23 19 20 17 ** 18 5 13 12 10 15 13 16 16 16 16 14 17 15 18 14 18 ** 16 6 8 8 11 12 16 13 13 14 14 12 12 14 17 10 18 ** 14 Each Person on Own 7 19 17 18 17 12 12 9 17 13 11 12 13 11 12 13 ** 12 DK, Haven't Thought 13 18 20 21 16 14 14 7 15 14 13 7 10 14 11 ** 9 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 2462 2504 2850 2291 1400 1402 2224 1090 2025 1960 2478 1775 1714 1281 981 1212 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4A.4b Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it that every person has a job and a good standard of living...Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on his/ their own.. Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought much about this?" (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) This question is variable VCF0809 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (2), 7-point scale 1972-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. See to Job/Std. (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 27 21 22 16 26 21 27 24 22 28 23 23 20 28 21 ** 29 Females 28 27 26 18 26 28 30 25 26 32 29 33 28 33 22 ** 33 Whites 23 21 20 14 21 20 25 20 18 26 22 24 20 25 21 ** 26 Blacks 65 63 51 36 56 56 54 50 50 49 44 52 41 52 30 ** 45 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 35 28 32 24 35 33 34 34 27 37 30 31 27 43 16* ** 25 High School Diploma 25 25 23 16 24 24 28 26 28 30 27 31 28 28 24 ** 34 Some College, no Degree 24 22 18 14 25 26 29 20 18 30 25 26 21 34 24 ** 28 College Degree/ Post-grad 30 24 23 19 24 21 26 22 21 28 26 23 21 29 16 ** 30 Income 0-16 Percentile 40 28 38 29 35 38 46 36 39 42 37 37 36 34 28 ** 42 Income 17-33 Percentile 34 33 29 21 27 34 33 26 30 34 26 32 28 37 25 ** 31 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 24 22 16 28 21 28 25 23 30 28 26 23 30 20 ** 31 Income 68-95 Percentile 21 21 19 12 21 21 22 17 17 24 21 26 17 25 18 ** 22 Income 96-100 Percentile 14 13 14 10 16 15 14 11* 13* 11 13 22 22 30 25* ** 20 Professionals 25 23 18 15 21 21 27 18 20 28 24 24 20 33 17 ** 28 White Collar 27 22 22 18 22 24 27 19 20 30 23 29 24 26 24 ** 25 Blue Collar 32 28 28 19 30 28 33 29 31 34 28 31 26 31 25 ** 38 Unskilled 32* 35* 25 31 33* 18* 20* 40* 30 36 37 29 48* 52* 33* ** 43* Farmers 24 13 24 14* 15* 31* 26 24* 24 22 14 20* 29* 23* 0* ** 35* Housewives 22 23 23 15 28 24 24 27 20 23 29 26 23 26 24 ** 24 Union Households 27 31 27 20 31 26 29 27 26 29 28 37 28 32 23 ** 31 Non-Union Households 27 23 23 16 24 25 29 24 24 31 26 26 24 30 22 ** 31 South 31 25 25 19 29 25 34 24 28 35 28 30 28 33 20 ** 32 Nonsouth 26 25 24 16 24 25 27 25 23 28 26 27 23 29 23 ** 30 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 38 31 30 31 ** 41 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 28 30 33 39 27 29 37 33 33 28 33 21 ** 30 Born 1943-1958 33 33 26 18 28 29 29 24 26 30 26 27 23 32 21 ** 30 Born 1927-1942 24 17 23 13 23 22 25 27 23 27 21 26 21 25 17 ** 25 Born 1911-1926 23 23 21 16 26 20 25 22 19 23 20 15 20 26 21 ** 25 Born 1895-1910 30 22 25 19 20 19 25 25 14 16 20 16* 21* 0* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 24 27 23 23* 11* 14* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 34 32 33 23 35 31 36 32 34 38 35 37 32 38 28 ** 42 Independents & Apoliticals 27 25 16 17 21 23 30 24 21 28 27 25 31 30 23 ** 39 Republicans (incl leaners) 18 13 15 7 14 14 20 15 14 21 15 19 13 19 12 ** 17 Liberals 46 46 39 29 42 39 43 34 38 46 41 42 35 45 25 ** 48 Moderates 24 19 23 11 24 21 28 20 24 31 26 29 26 30 21 ** 31 Conservatives 17 15 12 11 14 17 19 17 17 20 16 17 13 22 7 ** 15 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.4b.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Guaranteed Job/Standard of Living (2), 7-point scale 1972-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Each Person on Own (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 44 47 46 50 47 49 45 53 48 45 48 49 52 40 56 ** 47 Females 36 30 33 38 36 35 32 42 39 31 36 37 42 31 45 ** 36 Whites 43 40 43 47 45 46 42 52 48 41 46 46 52 40 52 ** 47 Blacks 6 9 12 20 17 13 15 22 24 25 21 19 29 17 32 ** 23 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 29 30 26 28 28 26 25 35 32 27 30 34 31 12 25* ** 37 High School Diploma 39 35 35 40 36 39 34 43 37 34 35 35 41 32 45 ** 37 Some College, no Degree 48 43 49 53 47 44 42 53 50 38 45 46 50 35 52 ** 45 College Degree/ Post-grad 45 46 50 57 54 52 50 54 54 53 52 57 57 46 64 ** 46 Income 0-16 Percentile 26 25 19 23 29 25 20 35 27 21 26 30 30 30 37 ** 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 33 28 30 39 36 35 31 42 37 30 36 29 38 28 41 ** 38 Income 34-67 Percentile 41 40 38 45 41 42 36 49 43 37 40 45 49 34 53 ** 40 Income 68-95 Percentile 45 43 51 54 48 50 50 54 54 48 53 52 58 43 61 ** 53 Income 96-100 Percentile 60 65 64 64 64 61 63 62* 60* 65 61 55 59 42 50* ** 58 Professionals 46 45 53 60 53 48 48 61 52 48 49 51 54 40 60 ** 43 White Collar 44 37 43 45 43 46 39 47 51 39 46 44 49 34 52 ** 49 Blue Collar 34 33 33 36 34 38 34 43 35 32 37 38 40 32 45 ** 36 Unskilled 24* 38* 28 34 28* 41* 33* 23* 26 27 32 28 28* 18* 39* ** 39* Farmers 49 65 37 41* 67* 36* 42 48* 48 57 49 39* 35* 41* 34* ** 51* Housewives 38 31 32 37 33 35 32 36 35 35 34 38 48 37 38 ** 41 Union Households 38 34 36 38 37 41 38 47 36 35 40 37 42 31 43 ** 43 Non-Union Households 40 38 39 45 43 42 38 47 44 38 42 43 47 36 51 ** 41 South 39 33 32 40 39 42 33 47 42 36 38 39 44 34 47 ** 38 Nonsouth 39 39 41 45 42 41 40 47 43 38 43 44 48 36 51 ** 43 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 20 34 36 38 ** 30 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 28 27 33 31 41 41 33 36 39 44 34 49 ** 43 Born 1943-1958 37 28 36 45 39 41 39 49 45 41 45 45 53 36 56 ** 46 Born 1927-1942 43 46 43 47 50 45 45 50 43 41 44 49 46 36 54 ** 47 Born 1911-1926 42 41 42 43 40 44 38 49 39 36 42 45 43 32 45 ** 38 Born 1895-1910 37 37 32 37 42 36 32 42 46 40 40 38* 44* 29* 68* ** ** Born before 1895 23 33 41 31* 33* 43* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 33 29 31 36 31 31 28 38 32 30 30 31 34 24 40 ** 25 Independents & Apoliticals 38 39 38 39 42 40 30 40 34 27 33 28 40 29 46 ** 39 Republicans (incl leaners) 49 51 50 60 56 60 53 62 58 52 59 60 65 52 66 ** 61 Liberals 30 27 32 42 28 31 31 39 35 31 34 30 38 25 40 ** 26 Moderates 42 36 39 44 35 42 35 48 43 37 40 37 40 34 47 ** 43 Conservatives 58 60 62 66 63 60 58 63 59 58 60 61 69 52 70 ** 65 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.4b.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Services and Spending 1982-2004 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Cut Services/Spending 1 9 6 5 5 4 5 9 6 6 4 ** 4 2 10 9 6 8 6 8 11 10 8 5 ** 6 3 13 13 13 13 12 13 16 15 12 9 ** 10 4 23 26 25 23 24 26 24 25 26 25 ** 23 5 11 14 17 14 15 15 16 15 16 18 ** 19 6 6 8 12 10 11 8 6 7 13 11 ** 12 More Services/Spending 7 7 7 12 7 11 7 5 5 11 10 ** 12 DK, Haven't Thought 20 16 9 20 17 19 13 16 9 17 ** 14 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1404 2229 2168 2031 1962 2483 1773 1711 1281 980 1212 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4A.5 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending. Other people feel that it is important for the government to provide many more services even if it means an increase in spending." "Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought much about this?" (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) This question is variable VCF0839 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Services and Spending 1982-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Cut Services/ Spending (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 40 35 29 32 29 32 43 37 32 26 ** 25 Females 26 23 20 21 17 20 28 26 21 13 ** 15 Whites 35 31 27 28 25 29 38 37 29 22 ** 23 Blacks 15 11 10 11 9 11 17 10 18 5 ** 7 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 18 16 18 14 14 15 23 18 26 18* ** 8 High School Diploma 27 25 20 20 18 18 27 24 22 13 ** 17 Some College, no Degree 35 30 26 31 27 29 42 35 26 19 ** 19 College Degree/ Post-grad 49 41 32 39 34 40 49 45 35 31 ** 27 Income 0-16 Percentile 18 15 17 11 11 13 18 16 21 6 ** 16 Income 17-33 Percentile 29 24 22 19 18 19 28 21 18 17 ** 16 Income 34-67 Percentile 32 28 23 28 22 25 38 34 28 19 ** 20 Income 68-95 Percentile 41 36 29 32 29 33 44 43 30 25 ** 26 Income 96-100 Percentile 54 46 31 49* 35 46 46 43 39 26* ** 29 Professionals 42 36 31 35 30 34 47 42 33 26 ** 21 White Collar 38 31 26 29 26 28 34 33 22 14 ** 21 Blue Collar 26 23 19 19 18 20 30 23 24 18 ** 17 Unskilled 15* 26* 14 17 20 18 38 8* 8* 24* ** 12* Farmers 35* 38 28 38 30 25 31* 42* 11* 31* ** 29* Housewives 29 21 18 18 16 18 30 35 31 14 ** 24 Union Households 30 25 18 21 18 24 33 25 20 15 ** 19 Non-Union Households 33 29 25 27 23 26 36 32 27 20 ** 20 South 36 26 24 24 19 25 34 28 25 19 ** 20 Nonsouth 31 29 23 26 24 26 36 32 27 19 ** 19 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** 8* 19 17 18 10 ** 14 Born 1959-1974 23 23 20 19 17 23 33 30 27 20 ** 20 Born 1943-1958 33 32 23 28 27 28 39 35 30 23 ** 23 Born 1927-1942 37 31 29 29 24 26 37 32 25 18 ** 20 Born 1911-1926 31 25 22 26 23 25 37 28 26 19 ** 21 Born 1895-1910 30 20 25 22 16 28 24* 29* 8* 56* ** ** Born before 1895 0* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 21 15 15 17 17 14 22 18 19 8 ** 8 Independents & Apoliticals 30 28 18 16 16 17 24 20 20 15 ** 17 Republicans (incl leaners) 52 44 37 39 33 43 54 51 39 37 ** 34 Liberals 21 23 20 18 19 19 24 19 15 7 ** 7 Moderates 31 26 18 22 22 21 30 28 27 16 ** 12 Conservatives 54 47 41 43 38 46 58 52 40 43 ** 45 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.5.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Services and Spending 1982-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'More Services/Spending (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 22 28 38 29 34 27 22 24 35 31 ** 39 Females 27 31 45 32 40 33 33 32 43 46 ** 47 Whites 21 27 37 27 33 27 26 25 36 37 ** 41 Blacks 50 46 65 45 55 47 41 42 54 47 ** 54 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 22 26 40 28 31 32 23 38 36 27* ** 49 High School Diploma 23 28 45 31 37 30 30 28 40 42 ** 39 Some College, no Degree 28 33 41 33 40 32 26 29 43 41 ** 45 College Degree/ Post-grad 26 30 36 28 38 29 25 26 35 35 ** 46 Income 0-16 Percentile 30 35 48 37 43 37 37 41 49 54 ** 49 Income 17-33 Percentile 27 30 46 35 41 31 33 31 41 39 ** 48 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 29 42 31 37 32 26 27 37 36 ** 44 Income 68-95 Percentile 25 30 34 29 36 27 23 20 38 41 ** 38 Income 96-100 Percentile 17 26 38 17* 31 24 27 27 38 28* ** 40 Professionals 24 30 35 29 39 30 23 26 35 36 ** 43 White Collar 21 28 41 31 34 28 32 26 38 44 ** 39 Blue Collar 28 32 47 31 41 32 30 28 38 37 ** 47 Unskilled 44* 40* 54 45 29 41 23 50* 40* 35* ** 47* Farmers 19* 18 26 21 26 17 24* 25* 39* 54* ** 44* Housewives 21 25 43 28 36 31 27 27 41 42 ** 38 Union Households 33 36 48 34 38 34 31 30 45 51 ** 49 Non-Union Households 22 28 40 30 37 30 27 28 38 37 ** 42 South 21 29 40 29 38 28 27 30 41 38 ** 40 Nonsouth 26 30 43 32 37 31 28 27 39 40 ** 44 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** 31* 20 45 52 50 ** 54 Born 1959-1974 29 38 47 40 43 36 31 32 44 42 ** 44 Born 1943-1958 29 31 44 33 40 33 30 25 39 39 ** 39 Born 1927-1942 24 28 40 24 33 26 23 25 31 31 ** 38 Born 1911-1926 20 25 36 23 28 20 22 20 28 29 ** 33 Born 1895-1910 16 20 29 25 33 25 25* 23* 43* 29* ** ** Born before 1895 14* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 33 40 52 41 47 39 35 38 45 51 ** 56 Independents & Apoliticals 20 25 39 29 32 27 30 22 46 41 ** 45 Republicans (incl leaners) 11 18 28 20 26 19 19 17 30 21 ** 29 Liberals 48 45 53 51 55 49 48 47 53 56 ** 65 Moderates 26 31 45 35 38 31 27 27 35 33 ** 44 Conservatives 16 20 28 23 28 22 16 18 32 24 ** 21 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.5.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Change in Situation of Blacks 1964-1994 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 Not Much at All 19 18 14 11 8 ** 7 ** ** ** 12 15 17 16 19 23 Some 38 39 35 36 35 ** 32 ** ** ** 41 43 45 47 46 46 A Lot 41 39 50 52 55 ** 59 ** ** ** 45 39 35 34 34 30 Don't Know, Depends 2 4 1 1 2 ** 2 ** ** ** 3 3 2 3 2 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1561 1283 1552 809 2701 2852 968 1081 1770 978 2247 1770 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4B.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1964-1976: "In the past few years we have heard a lot about civil rights groups working to improve the position of the Negro in this country. How much real change do you think there has been in the position of the Negro in the past few years: a lot, some, or not much at all?" 1984 and later: "In the past few years, we have heard a lot about improving the position of black people in this country. How much real change do you think there has been in the position of black people in the past few years: a lot, some, or not much at all?" This question is variable VCF0813 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0011A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Change in Situation of Blacks 1964-1994 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not Much' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 Males 21 20 15 10 9 ** 9 ** ** ** 12 16 17 16 18 21 Females 18 16 14 12 7 ** 6 ** ** ** 12 14 17 16 19 23 Whites 21 18 15 10 8 ** 6 ** ** ** 10 12 14 16 16 20 Blacks 11 10 6 14 9 ** 18 ** ** ** 19 30 33 26 35 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 21 19 18 13 13 ** 9 ** ** ** 8 16 16 8 13 22 High School Diploma 20 19 14 10 8 ** 6 ** ** ** 9 14 15 15 15 21 Some College, no Degree 18 14 13 11 6 ** 7 ** ** ** 13 12 21 18 20 22 College Degree/ Post-grad 17 10 11 10 5 ** 8 ** ** ** 19 20 20 22 25 26 Income 0-16 Percentile 21 17 17 11 10 ** 8 ** ** ** 12 20 21 18 21 25 Income 17-33 Percentile 20 24 16 13 11 ** 9 ** ** ** 10 14 15 20 14 23 Income 34-67 Percentile 18 15 15 10 7 ** 7 ** ** ** 10 15 17 14 19 20 Income 68-95 Percentile 19 20 10 11 6 ** 6 ** ** ** 14 10 18 16 18 22 Income 96-100 Percentile 17 13 15 6* 7 ** 4 ** ** ** 16* 15* 13* 16* 25 40 Professionals 19 ** 16 11 7 ** 7 ** ** ** 13 16 20 18 23 23 White Collar 15 ** 10 14 6 ** 5 ** ** ** 9 15 16 16 16 21 Blue Collar 20 ** 14 11 9 ** 8 ** ** ** 14 15 17 16 16 21 Unskilled 19* ** 7* 14* 14* ** 5 ** ** ** 14* 20* 24* 8* 20* 18 Farmers 36 ** 13 11* 11 ** 19 ** ** ** 10* 16* 7 11* 11 18* Housewives 19 ** 15 11 8 ** 5 ** ** ** 8 8 12 15 19 26 Union Households 17 21 12 13 8 ** 7 ** ** ** 14 15 17 17 15 17 Non-Union Households 20 16 15 10 8 ** 7 ** ** ** 11 15 17 16 19 24 South 20 17 13 12 9 ** 5 ** ** ** 11 15 17 13 17 22 Nonsouth 19 18 15 11 8 ** 8 ** ** ** 12 15 17 18 19 23 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 34 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15 21 24 22 23 26 Born 1943-1958 23* 17 16 11 8 ** 7 ** ** ** 15 17 20 17 22 26 Born 1927-1942 21 17 14 12 8 ** 9 ** ** ** 10 12 12 13 11 16 Born 1911-1926 16 16 12 8 8 ** 6 ** ** ** 6 8 11 11 11 10 Born 1895-1910 21 17 16 12 9 ** 6 ** ** ** 7 8 9 7* 16 13* Born before 1895 25 22 17 19* 9 ** 6 ** ** ** 0* 0* ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 18 19 12 11 8 ** 8 ** ** ** 15 15 21 16 22 23 Independents & Apoliticals 21 19 18 13 11 ** 9 ** ** ** 13 13 17 19 20 27 Republicans (incl leaners) 22 15 17 10 7 ** 4 ** ** ** 8 14 13 16 14 21 Liberals ** ** ** ** 6 ** 10 ** ** ** 15 23 26 23 28 26 Moderates ** ** ** ** 8 ** 6 ** ** ** 12 12 17 13 19 21 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 6 ** 4 ** ** ** 9 12 13 14 14 20 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Change in Situation of Blacks 1964-1994 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 Males 36 37 33 35 33 ** 31 ** ** ** 39 41 43 46 48 45 Females 39 40 36 37 37 ** 33 ** ** ** 42 45 47 47 45 46 Whites 39 38 35 34 34 ** 31 ** ** ** 40 42 45 46 47 47 Blacks 32 46 32 46 47 ** 49 ** ** ** 50 48 51 49 48 43 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 38 33 32 31 35 ** 28 ** ** ** 34 31 34 36 37 34 High School Diploma 38 36 35 37 36 ** 31 ** ** ** 41 41 44 46 46 43 Some College, no Degree 36 46 37 35 32 ** 36 ** ** ** 43 47 47 45 48 50 College Degree/ Post-grad 40 57 36 43 38 ** 36 ** ** ** 40 48 51 53 49 51 Income 0-16 Percentile 38 39 36 29 33 ** 30 ** ** ** 36 38 41 44 41 36 Income 17-33 Percentile 39 36 36 37 40 ** 33 ** ** ** 44 39 45 45 51 49 Income 34-67 Percentile 40 39 34 38 37 ** 34 ** ** ** 40 44 45 48 46 47 Income 68-95 Percentile 38 39 35 37 35 ** 32 ** ** ** 45 49 48 46 47 49 Income 96-100 Percentile 36 47 32 38* 29 ** 35 ** ** ** 28* 47* 64* 55* 47 39 Professionals 39 ** 36 35 32 ** 34 ** ** ** 43 48 48 51 46 48 White Collar 39 ** 35 38 33 ** 34 ** ** ** 45 41 52 46 48 49 Blue Collar 35 ** 33 37 37 ** 32 ** ** ** 37 41 39 44 45 44 Unskilled 19* ** 30* 21* 38* ** 28 ** ** ** 38* 40* 45* 72* 35* 32 Farmers 38 ** 33 36* 35 ** 35 ** ** ** 43* 40* 36 26* 50 46* Housewives 39 ** 36 33 36 ** 29 ** ** ** 38 38 49 49 47 45 Union Households 36 34 36 36 37 ** 34 ** ** ** 43 41 43 46 51 46 Non-Union Households 38 41 34 35 35 ** 32 ** ** ** 40 43 46 47 46 46 South 37 35 28 32 29 ** 29 ** ** ** 39 38 41 41 41 41 Nonsouth 38 40 37 37 38 ** 34 ** ** ** 42 45 48 49 49 48 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69* 39 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 47 52 50 49 50 48 Born 1943-1958 35* 37 34 38 39 ** 40 ** ** ** 44 45 48 52 45 44 Born 1927-1942 36 42 37 37 33 ** 30 ** ** ** 40 38 44 41 47 46 Born 1911-1926 39 38 32 38 35 ** 28 ** ** ** 35 38 38 41 41 44 Born 1895-1910 41 40 37 31 35 ** 25 ** ** ** 31 27 40 19* 36 31* Born before 1895 34 33 32 26* 28 ** 28 ** ** ** 0* 0* ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 36 36 36 37 38 ** 34 ** ** ** 41 46 46 49 47 47 Independents & Apoliticals 42 35 31 41 34 ** 29 ** ** ** 41 40 42 46 44 36 Republicans (incl leaners) 39 45 34 32 33 ** 31 ** ** ** 41 39 46 44 46 46 Liberals ** ** ** ** 39 ** 36 ** ** ** 38 48 50 53 49 55 Moderates ** ** ** ** 33 ** 37 ** ** ** 40 43 46 49 45 47 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 34 ** 26 ** ** ** 41 40 44 46 47 46 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Change in Situation of Blacks 1964-1994 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'A Lot' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 Males 42 40 51 55 57 ** 59 ** ** ** 48 41 38 36 34 31 Females 39 39 49 49 54 ** 59 ** ** ** 42 37 33 33 34 29 Whites 38 39 49 54 56 ** 62 ** ** ** 47 43 39 36 36 31 Blacks 57 39 61 41 44 ** 32 ** ** ** 28 20 16 23 16 24 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 37 40 46 55 47 ** 59 ** ** ** 42 43 44 49 45 35 High School Diploma 40 41 51 51 56 ** 61 ** ** ** 47 42 38 36 37 35 Some College, no Degree 46 38 50 52 62 ** 57 ** ** ** 44 38 31 34 31 28 College Degree/ Post-grad 42 31 53 47 56 ** 55 ** ** ** 40 30 28 24 25 22 Income 0-16 Percentile 35 37 45 59 55 ** 60 ** ** ** 43 37 34 32 36 35 Income 17-33 Percentile 38 34 46 47 47 ** 56 ** ** ** 41 41 38 35 33 27 Income 34-67 Percentile 41 42 50 51 55 ** 59 ** ** ** 49 39 38 36 34 31 Income 68-95 Percentile 43 40 55 51 58 ** 61 ** ** ** 40 38 32 36 34 28 Income 96-100 Percentile 46 39 53 53* 63 ** 61 ** ** ** 56* 34* 16* 29* 28 20 Professionals 40 ** 47 53 60 ** 58 ** ** ** 44 35 31 29 31 28 White Collar 46 ** 54 48 60 ** 61 ** ** ** 44 41 30 37 35 29 Blue Collar 42 ** 52 52 52 ** 58 ** ** ** 45 39 42 37 37 34 Unskilled 58* ** 56* 64* 48* ** 65 ** ** ** 48* 40* 29* 12* 43* 43 Farmers 23 ** 53 53* 51 ** 46 ** ** ** 37* 40* 56 57* 35 26* Housewives 39 ** 47 52 54 ** 62 ** ** ** 50 47 34 32 31 27 Union Households 45 42 51 51 53 ** 58 ** ** ** 41 41 38 35 33 36 Non-Union Households 39 38 50 52 56 ** 60 ** ** ** 46 38 34 34 34 29 South 42 44 59 56 62 ** 65 ** ** ** 46 44 40 42 40 35 Nonsouth 40 38 47 50 53 ** 57 ** ** ** 44 36 33 31 31 28 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* 27 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 24 25 26 26 24 Born 1943-1958 38* 42 51 51 52 ** 52 ** ** ** 40 35 31 29 31 28 Born 1927-1942 41 38 49 48 59 ** 59 ** ** ** 48 45 41 43 40 36 Born 1911-1926 44 41 54 53 56 ** 65 ** ** ** 55 51 48 45 45 43 Born 1895-1910 36 39 45 56 53 ** 65 ** ** ** 51 61 44 67* 42 53* Born before 1895 36 38 48 56* 57 ** 59 ** ** ** 100* 0* ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 44 41 51 51 53 ** 56 ** ** ** 42 36 32 33 30 29 Independents & Apoliticals 31 37 49 43 52 ** 58 ** ** ** 38 37 37 27 33 30 Republicans (incl leaners) 37 37 48 57 59 ** 64 ** ** ** 50 44 38 38 38 32 Liberals ** ** ** ** 55 ** 54 ** ** ** 45 25 23 23 22 19 Moderates ** ** ** ** 58 ** 56 ** ** ** 47 44 36 38 36 32 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 59 ** 69 ** ** ** 49 46 42 39 38 33 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Pace of Civil Rights Leaders' Action 1964-1992 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Too Slowly 5 5 7 12 8 9 8 ** 13 ** 12 14 15 11 17 About Right 25 19 27 35 41 44 47 ** 48 ** 55 59 56 54 55 Too Fast 63 65 63 49 46 41 39 ** 33 ** 30 24 25 27 25 Don't Know, Other 6 12 3 5 5 6 5 ** 6 ** 3 2 4 8 3 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1542 1279 1528 800 2677 2447 2826 1374 945 1072 1757 978 2220 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4B.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Some say that the civil rights people have been trying to push too fast. Others feel they haven't pushed fast enough. How about you: Do you think that civil rights leaders are trying to push too fast, are going too slowly, or are they moving about the right speed?" This question is variable VCF0814 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0011A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Pace of Civil Rights Leaders' Action 1964-1992 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Too Slowly' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Males 5 5 6 12 9 9 8 ** 15 ** 12 15 15 11 16 Females 6 5 7 12 7 9 8 ** 11 ** 12 14 15 12 18 Whites 3 3 4 6 6 6 4 ** 8 ** 7 9 10 9 13 Blacks 23 20 29 38 31 34 36 ** 43 ** 48 45 41 32 42 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 5 3 8 10 6 5 8 ** 11 ** 10 13 12 8 13 High School Diploma 5 5 5 10 6 9 7 ** 11 ** 9 12 13 9 14 Some College, no Degree 6 6 9 17 13 11 10 ** 14 ** 13 15 17 11 21 College Degree/ Post-grad 6 4 9 17 14 13 10 ** 18 ** 19 18 18 19 20 Income 0-16 Percentile 7 3 9 13 9 10 13 ** 15 ** 11 15 18 13 18 Income 17-33 Percentile 7 5 8 13 11 13 9 ** 14 ** 12 12 18 12 16 Income 34-67 Percentile 4 5 6 11 7 8 7 ** 12 ** 12 14 14 12 17 Income 68-95 Percentile 4 6 4 11 9 9 7 ** 12 ** 14 9 14 9 18 Income 96-100 Percentile 6 6 8 13* 4 2 5 ** 5 ** 8* 20* 13* 11* 16 Professionals 4 ** 8 12 10 10 8 ** 14 ** 15 16 15 13 19 White Collar 6 ** 7 13 8 8 8 ** 10 ** 11 12 16 9 16 Blue Collar 7 ** 6 13 9 10 9 ** 13 ** 13 14 14 13 17 Unskilled 3* ** 12* 29* 16* 16* 16 ** 20* ** 10* 20* 19* 12* 12* Farmers 7 ** 10 8* 4 3 7 ** 8* ** 6* 16* 9 3* 11 Housewives 5 ** 5 8 4 5 3 ** 9 ** 8 6 10 9 15 Union Households 8 6 5 12 9 10 9 ** 14 ** 16 13 14 13 18 Non-Union Households 5 4 7 12 8 9 8 ** 12 ** 11 14 15 11 17 South 5 3 7 9 7 8 8 ** 12 ** 15 14 15 13 17 Nonsouth 5 5 7 13 9 9 8 ** 13 ** 11 14 15 11 17 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 ** 15 18 17 14 18 Born 1943-1958 4* 7 13 16 13 16 11 ** 17 ** 12 14 19 15 21 Born 1927-1942 8 6 6 15 9 7 9 ** 11 ** 15 18 11 7 14 Born 1911-1926 4 4 6 9 4 5 5 ** 8 ** 9 9 10 7 11 Born 1895-1910 4 3 6 7 6 7 5 ** 7 ** 6 2 8 0* 11 Born before 1895 5 3 10 10* 7 2 6 ** 22* ** 0* 0* ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 7 6 9 16 11 12 11 ** 17 ** 19 20 23 16 24 Independents & Apoliticals 3 5 6 12 9 10 6 ** 11 ** 9 8 12 14 15 Republicans (incl leaners) 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 ** 7 ** 5 7 7 5 9 Liberals ** ** ** ** 19 22 19 ** 23 ** 19 27 30 26 28 Moderates ** ** ** ** 6 7 8 ** 10 ** 13 12 14 6 16 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 4 4 3 ** 9 ** 7 11 9 7 10 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Pace of Civil Rights Leaders' Action 1964-1992 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'About Right' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Males 23 16 26 33 40 40 47 ** 44 ** 53 58 54 56 53 Females 27 21 29 36 42 46 48 ** 51 ** 56 60 58 52 57 Whites 21 15 23 31 39 43 47 ** 48 ** 55 60 57 55 57 Blacks 63 48 63 53 57 54 53 ** 49 ** 45 48 49 50 48 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 26 18 27 32 36 38 42 ** 43 ** 49 40 46 49 54 High School Diploma 24 18 24 36 41 39 44 ** 44 ** 54 57 56 49 53 Some College, no Degree 22 23 31 32 44 53 49 ** 51 ** 58 62 57 60 54 College Degree/ Post-grad 31 22 40 41 49 57 62 ** 59 ** 55 71 61 62 61 Income 0-16 Percentile 33 21 32 41 43 41 47 ** 48 ** 54 52 53 50 51 Income 17-33 Percentile 24 20 23 33 38 43 46 ** 44 ** 55 54 53 46 55 Income 34-67 Percentile 22 17 24 36 41 42 45 ** 51 ** 52 61 57 56 54 Income 68-95 Percentile 24 19 32 33 41 50 52 ** 49 ** 57 69 60 59 58 Income 96-100 Percentile 27 21 37 41* 49 58 59 ** 61 ** 67* 57* 71* 66* 66 Professionals 28 ** 30 39 43 48 51 ** 52 ** 56 67 62 63 58 White Collar 19 ** 25 29 45 48 50 ** 48 ** 55 59 52 56 57 Blue Collar 27 ** 27 35 40 37 43 ** 45 ** 55 56 53 48 51 Unskilled 28* ** 27* 36* 47* 54* 33 ** 50* ** 62* 37* 57* 48* 58* Farmers 27 ** 27 42* 39 47 49 ** 38* ** 52* 52* 55 51* 58 Housewives 24 ** 27 33 39 47 48 ** 47 ** 55 62 61 50 57 Union Households 28 18 27 34 39 46 41 ** 47 ** 55 58 56 55 54 Non-Union Households 24 19 28 35 42 43 49 ** 49 ** 55 60 56 54 56 South 23 15 23 27 35 37 41 ** 47 ** 49 57 51 47 52 Nonsouth 26 20 29 38 44 46 49 ** 49 ** 57 60 59 57 57 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 50 ** 61 64 59 55 58 Born 1943-1958 20* 25 23 39 45 46 50 ** 53 ** 58 63 56 59 54 Born 1927-1942 26 18 33 31 41 50 49 ** 48 ** 57 60 58 53 55 Born 1911-1926 26 23 26 37 39 42 43 ** 42 ** 43 49 54 44 54 Born 1895-1910 24 14 23 36 38 34 43 ** 41 ** 52 45 48 59* 53 Born before 1895 24 12 30 26* 43 40 42 ** 44* ** 0* 0* ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 29 21 32 35 42 45 46 ** 48 ** 55 56 54 56 53 Independents & Apoliticals 25 19 17 36 39 36 46 ** 40 ** 52 62 51 39 58 Republicans (incl leaners) 18 15 24 36 42 46 49 ** 51 ** 55 63 60 56 58 Liberals ** ** ** ** 55 52 53 ** 54 ** 57 59 55 60 57 Moderates ** ** ** ** 42 45 47 ** 50 ** 57 60 59 59 54 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 39 41 49 ** 46 ** 55 59 56 56 57 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Pace of Civil Rights Leaders' Action 1964-1992 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Too Fast' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Males 68 70 64 53 47 47 41 ** 37 ** 33 25 29 27 29 Females 59 61 61 45 45 38 38 ** 31 ** 28 23 22 27 21 Whites 70 70 69 58 50 45 43 ** 37 ** 35 29 29 29 28 Blacks 10 21 6 7 10 7 6 ** 6 ** 6 6 6 11 7 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 57 63 59 50 49 47 40 ** 34 ** 35 42 31 25 27 High School Diploma 65 65 69 50 49 44 44 ** 38 ** 33 28 27 34 29 Some College, no Degree 71 67 59 49 40 35 39 ** 33 ** 27 22 24 25 23 College Degree/ Post-grad 59 63 49 38 35 28 25 ** 21 ** 24 10 18 14 17 Income 0-16 Percentile 51 58 54 40 41 36 34 ** 30 ** 31 28 21 22 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 62 63 65 46 46 38 39 ** 36 ** 31 32 27 31 24 Income 34-67 Percentile 69 67 67 49 48 46 44 ** 32 ** 33 23 26 27 27 Income 68-95 Percentile 67 66 64 53 46 38 38 ** 34 ** 27 21 24 29 24 Income 96-100 Percentile 63 69 51 44* 43 37 33 ** 33 ** 24* 17* 11* 21* 17 Professionals 64 ** 60 47 43 40 38 ** 31 ** 27 16 21 21 20 White Collar 71 ** 67 53 45 41 38 ** 36 ** 32 26 28 28 25 Blue Collar 60 ** 63 49 47 45 42 ** 36 ** 31 28 29 31 29 Unskilled 64* ** 54* 36* 33* 30* 47 ** 25* ** 29* 40* 14* 28* 30* Farmers 59 ** 55 50* 42 37 31 ** 42* ** 42* 24* 33 31* 24 Housewives 63 ** 64 49 50 40 39 ** 33 ** 32 27 21 28 24 Union Households 60 67 66 49 49 39 44 ** 33 ** 26 28 25 28 26 Non-Union Households 64 64 61 49 45 42 38 ** 34 ** 31 23 25 27 25 South 68 72 68 60 55 48 47 ** 36 ** 32 26 29 32 27 Nonsouth 62 62 61 44 42 39 37 ** 33 ** 30 23 23 25 24 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 ** 22 16 21 22 22 Born 1943-1958 72* 60 61 42 39 33 35 ** 24 ** 27 20 23 24 23 Born 1927-1942 61 66 60 50 46 38 37 ** 36 ** 26 21 26 34 28 Born 1911-1926 65 61 66 49 53 49 47 ** 47 ** 45 41 31 34 30 Born 1895-1910 66 70 66 50 49 50 43 ** 43 ** 36 45 35 30* 31 Born before 1895 58 65 48 57* 35 46 34 ** 22* ** 100* 0* ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 60 62 58 46 43 38 38 ** 30 ** 23 22 20 22 21 Independents & Apoliticals 60 58 72 43 43 44 38 ** 33 ** 34 19 27 32 22 Republicans (incl leaners) 71 72 68 56 51 45 42 ** 39 ** 37 28 30 32 31 Liberals ** ** ** ** 24 25 26 ** 21 ** 21 14 14 11 14 Moderates ** ** ** ** 49 43 41 ** 37 ** 29 26 25 31 29 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 54 53 43 ** 41 ** 36 28 32 32 31 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Favor Desegregation or Segregation 1964-1978 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 Desegregation 32 ** 36 44 41 ** 39 34 In Between 44 ** 47 41 45 ** 49 54 Segregation 23 ** 16 15 13 ** 9 5 Don't Know 1 ** 1 1 2 ** 3 6 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1552 1496 796 2674 2804 2273 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4B.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Are you in favor of desegregation, strict segregation, or something in between?" This question is variable VCF0815 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0011A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Favor Desegregation or Segregation 1964-1978 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Desegregation' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 Males 30 ** 37 44 43 ** 38 35 Females 33 ** 36 43 39 ** 39 34 Whites 27 ** 32 36 37 ** 35 32 Blacks 72 ** 74 78 68 ** 71 52 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 25 ** 27 36 26 ** 28 33 High School Diploma 30 ** 33 42 37 ** 33 31 Some College, no Degree 34 ** 42 52 52 ** 45 34 College Degree/ Post-grad 49 ** 61 66 64 ** 60 48 Income 0-16 Percentile 27 ** 32 45 36 ** 35 35 Income 17-33 Percentile 34 ** 33 44 41 ** 37 35 Income 34-67 Percentile 31 ** 35 42 38 ** 38 34 Income 68-95 Percentile 33 ** 40 45 47 ** 41 32 Income 96-100 Percentile 39 ** 56 58* 53 ** 50 42 Professionals 36 ** 46 57 50 ** 49 41 White Collar 31 ** 35 42 46 ** 40 35 Blue Collar 32 ** 33 43 38 ** 34 31 Unskilled 42* ** 31* 46* 42* ** 38 42 Farmers 16 ** 40 33* 29 ** 21 25* Housewives 31 ** 33 37 34 ** 33 31 Union Households 35 ** 34 40 37 ** 34 33 Non-Union Households 31 ** 37 45 42 ** 40 35 South 21 ** 26 33 34 ** 35 34 Nonsouth 35 ** 40 48 43 ** 40 34 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Born 1943-1958 31* ** 42 50 49 ** 44 35 Born 1927-1942 39 ** 42 48 48 ** 43 36 Born 1911-1926 31 ** 36 45 32 ** 33 35 Born 1895-1910 27 ** 28 37 29 ** 29 32 Born before 1895 21 ** 31 29* 39 ** 27 23* Democrats (incl leaners) 33 ** 40 48 43 ** 41 38 Independents & Apoliticals 32 ** 30 42 37 ** 32 31 Republicans (incl leaners) 30 ** 32 38 39 ** 38 29 Liberals ** ** ** ** 70 ** 60 51 Moderates ** ** ** ** 37 ** 39 33 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 39 ** 39 32 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Favor Desegregation or Segregation 1964-1978 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'In Between' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 Males 45 ** 48 38 42 ** 51 56 Females 44 ** 46 42 46 ** 48 53 Whites 47 ** 50 45 46 ** 53 57 Blacks 20 ** 20 19 30 ** 24 35 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 39 ** 42 39 48 ** 49 38 High School Diploma 46 ** 51 44 49 ** 53 56 Some College, no Degree 51 ** 50 39 40 ** 50 62 College Degree/ Post-grad 41 ** 35 29 31 ** 37 50 Income 0-16 Percentile 36 ** 42 39 42 ** 47 45 Income 17-33 Percentile 43 ** 48 38 43 ** 50 52 Income 34-67 Percentile 45 ** 48 42 48 ** 50 56 Income 68-95 Percentile 48 ** 51 41 44 ** 52 63 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 ** 33 35* 41 ** 42 54 Professionals 48 ** 47 34 42 ** 46 55 White Collar 48 ** 50 45 43 ** 52 56 Blue Collar 45 ** 46 41 45 ** 51 55 Unskilled 17* ** 46* 23* 32* ** 43 46 Farmers 33 ** 34 42* 40 ** 56 57* Housewives 44 ** 49 45 49 ** 49 54 Union Households 44 ** 48 44 49 ** 55 56 Non-Union Households 44 ** 46 40 43 ** 48 54 South 36 ** 47 44 44 ** 47 50 Nonsouth 47 ** 47 39 45 ** 50 56 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 Born 1943-1958 38* ** 51 41 41 ** 49 56 Born 1927-1942 44 ** 46 38 40 ** 48 54 Born 1911-1926 44 ** 46 37 53 ** 51 50 Born 1895-1910 46 ** 48 47 48 ** 50 53 Born before 1895 44 ** 44 38* 36 ** 41 42* Democrats (incl leaners) 42 ** 42 36 42 ** 48 50 Independents & Apoliticals 43 ** 51 40 48 ** 53 53 Republicans (incl leaners) 49 ** 54 49 47 ** 50 62 Liberals ** ** ** ** 26 ** 37 44 Moderates ** ** ** ** 49 ** 54 59 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 47 ** 51 62 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Favor Desegregation or Segregation 1964-1978 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Segregation' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 Males 24 ** 14 17 13 ** 8 4 Females 22 ** 17 13 12 ** 10 6 Whites 25 ** 17 17 14 ** 10 5 Blacks 6 ** 5 3 2 ** 1 6 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 33 ** 29 22 22 ** 15 14 High School Diploma 22 ** 15 13 13 ** 11 5 Some College, no Degree 14 ** 7 9 7 ** 5 2 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 ** 5 5 3 ** 3 1 Income 0-16 Percentile 35 ** 24 16 19 ** 11 9 Income 17-33 Percentile 21 ** 18 14 14 ** 10 6 Income 34-67 Percentile 23 ** 17 15 13 ** 10 5 Income 68-95 Percentile 18 ** 9 14 8 ** 6 2 Income 96-100 Percentile 10 ** 11 6* 5 ** 6 2 Professionals 15 ** 7 10 7 ** 4 1 White Collar 20 ** 15 12 10 ** 5 5 Blue Collar 22 ** 20 15 15 ** 12 7 Unskilled 33* ** 19* 31* 18* ** 13 5 Farmers 48 ** 26 22* 24 ** 10 5* Housewives 24 ** 17 17 15 ** 13 7 Union Households 19 ** 16 15 12 ** 9 6 Non-Union Households 24 ** 16 14 13 ** 9 5 South 42 ** 26 22 21 ** 15 8 Nonsouth 17 ** 12 12 10 ** 8 4 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0 Born 1943-1958 31* ** 7 9 9 ** 5 3 Born 1927-1942 17 ** 11 12 10 ** 8 5 Born 1911-1926 24 ** 17 17 13 ** 12 6 Born 1895-1910 26 ** 23 15 20 ** 15 9 Born before 1895 32 ** 22 31* 19 ** 22 19* Democrats (incl leaners) 25 ** 17 16 13 ** 9 6 Independents & Apoliticals 22 ** 18 14 12 ** 10 6 Republicans (incl leaners) 19 ** 13 12 13 ** 10 4 Liberals ** ** ** ** 4 ** 3 3 Moderates ** ** ** ** 13 ** 6 4 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 12 ** 10 4 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Aid to Blacks/Minorities 1970-2004 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Govt. Help 1 13 12 12 11 10 5 7 8 7 9 8 6 5 5 9 6 ** 8 2 7 7 6 7 5 4 5 7 5 5 6 5 5 4 7 4 ** 5 3 7 12 10 11 9 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 7 ** 8 4 23 21 21 18 22 25 25 27 28 21 24 24 24 21 25 24 ** 22 5 11 10 10 10 14 18 14 16 16 14 14 13 15 18 14 15 ** 15 6 10 11 8 9 11 11 14 9 13 13 14 13 15 17 12 15 ** 15 Help Themselves 7 19 17 19 17 17 12 11 8 12 17 16 19 20 18 14 20 ** 16 DK, Haven't Thought 10 11 15 17 11 14 15 13 9 11 9 10 7 9 10 9 ** 11 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1494 2255 2489 2834 2284 1401 1403 2231 2152 2008 1957 2467 1765 1708 1274 973 1194 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 4B.4 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1970-1984, 1986 FORM B, 1988 FORM B: "Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks (1970: Negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving them preferential treatment). Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to help minorities because they should help themselves (1970: but they should be expected to help themselves)." 1986 FORM A, 1988 FORM A, 1990 and later: "Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every (prior to 1996 only: possible) effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks...Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to help blacks because they should help themselves." ALL YEARS: "Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought much about it?" (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) This question is variable VCF0830 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Aid to Blacks/Minorities 1970-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. Help (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 27 31 26 29 23 19 20 28 21 22 22 19 18 15 24 16 ** 21 Females 27 30 29 29 27 19 22 27 23 25 25 22 21 19 26 18 ** 21 Whites 21 26 23 25 20 15 18 24 18 17 19 17 15 14 21 15 ** 16 Blacks 79 71 69 60 54 41 48 49 40 46 49 38 39 34 44 31 ** 42 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 26 24 21 24 26 16 17 29 18 26 24 18 18 20 37 20* ** 26 High School Diploma 24 27 24 25 23 15 18 23 19 23 20 19 17 14 20 16 ** 19 Some College, no Degree 32 37 34 33 25 21 20 29 24 20 25 17 19 17 26 16 ** 19 College Degree/ Post-grad 37 43 41 41 29 29 34 39 31 28 32 29 27 23 30 21 ** 26 Income 0-16 Percentile 31 33 33 36 36 24 23 34 24 35 29 27 28 25 29 20 ** 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 29 30 33 31 27 15 22 29 21 23 27 20 22 15 29 23 ** 19 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 28 27 28 25 18 22 27 21 23 24 19 15 15 24 16 ** 24 Income 68-95 Percentile 26 30 26 26 18 20 22 26 21 19 20 18 17 15 20 15 ** 17 Income 96-100 Percentile 29 32 15 26 18 13 20 30 21 15* 20 22 27 21 29 10* ** 14 Professionals 29 35 37 32 23 22 25 34 28 22 26 23 21 19 30 16 ** 26 White Collar 29 33 24 34 25 21 20 27 21 24 22 20 18 13 20 17 ** 15 Blue Collar 28 32 26 28 25 17 19 26 19 23 25 17 18 16 20 17 ** 22 Unskilled 42* 46* 38* 25 37 26* 21* 21* 15 29 23 26 13 30* 31* 9* ** 30* Farmers 29 23 17 28 23* 7* 19* 23 20 28 17 19 13* 6* 4* 30* ** 23* Housewives 22 21 20 19 22 13 18 20 21 19 18 20 15 20 22 20 ** 10 Union Households 27 29 28 27 24 18 23 29 19 21 20 18 21 20 29 18 ** 23 Non-Union Households 27 30 28 30 25 19 21 27 23 24 24 21 19 16 24 17 ** 21 South 22 28 23 26 23 17 20 26 19 23 25