THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust the Federal Government 1958-2004 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 None of the Time (vol.) 0 ** ** 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 4 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 0 1 Some of the Time 23 ** ** 22 28 36 44 44 61 62 64 69 62 53 57 56 69 68 74 66 58 55 44 52 Most of the Time 57 ** ** 62 48 54 47 48 34 30 27 23 31 40 35 36 25 26 19 30 36 40 51 43 Just About Always 16 ** ** 14 17 7 6 5 2 3 2 2 2 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 Don't Know, Depends 4 ** ** 1 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1445 1285 1337 1497 2279 2499 2859 2288 1606 1401 1921 1081 1768 1963 2247 1769 1496 1278 1541 1312 1061 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: ""How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right-- just about always, most of the time or only some of the time?" This question is variable VCF0604 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust the Federal Government 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some of the Time/ None of the Time' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 23 ** ** 19 30 38 44 45 59 63 66 73 63 56 61 56 73 71 78 65 57 56 43 54 Females 24 ** ** 24 31 36 45 45 63 64 69 73 66 52 59 60 69 69 77 69 62 55 46 53 Whites 23 ** ** 22 31 37 43 43 60 63 68 73 64 53 57 56 71 71 79 68 61 54 42 50 Blacks 31 ** ** 22 27 36 59 65 78 71 65 72 70 61 75 74 76 72 77 65 64 67 59 66 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 32 ** ** 30 33 43 53 54 70 66 61 66 60 49 65 66 68 59 63 64 58 53 36* 53* High School Diploma 22 ** ** 20 30 35 42 45 63 66 71 72 67 56 59 59 70 70 76 65 60 57 44 50 Some College, no Degree 16 ** ** 18 29 38 41 38 52 61 67 74 65 53 61 57 70 70 79 68 62 57 46 52 College Degree/ Post-grad 16 ** ** 20 33 29 40 39 57 55 61 78 60 54 57 54 75 74 84 69 56 53 47 60 Income 0-16 Percentile 35 ** ** 29 33 42 52 50 61 60 67 67 69 57 66 67 64 69 68 56 57 56 ** 54 Income 17-33 Percentile 25 ** ** 22 32 35 55 50 73 65 68 73 66 55 60 62 72 66 78 63 57 55 ** 52 Income 34-67 Percentile 21 ** ** 21 29 39 44 47 58 63 69 73 66 55 60 57 70 74 77 71 62 63 ** 49 Income 68-95 Percentile 18 ** ** 20 31 32 37 37 60 63 65 77 62 52 53 52 71 68 81 68 60 50 ** 54 Income 96-100 Percentile 22 ** ** 14 28 32 42 33 59 65 68 81 60 55 56* 56* 79 76 88 71 61 54 ** 62 Professionals 21 ** ** 17 ** 34 38 38 54 60 65 76 62 52 58 55 72 70 81 70 59 51 ** 64 White Collar 18 ** ** 20 ** 32 44 40 58 58 67 77 64 56 54 55 68 72 82 69 58 56 ** 48 Blue Collar 26 ** ** 23 ** 40 48 50 67 68 68 72 68 56 64 63 73 71 77 66 61 59 ** 48 Unskilled 35 ** ** 13* ** 30* 79* 66* 70* 68 63 57* 46* 67* 69* 67* 68 74* 65 57* 65* 57* ** 70* Farmers 32 ** ** 28 ** 45 54 45 64 61 71* 77* 59* 58 72* 55 68 62 60* 52* 41* 53* ** 54* Housewives 22 ** ** 25 ** 36 42 44 63 63 72 73 67 48 55 58 68 65 77 70 69 56 ** 41 Union Households 25 ** ** 19 31 32 45 47 65 67 69 74 64 59 60 57 72 71 76 68 57 56 40 52 Non-Union Households 23 ** ** 23 31 38 44 44 60 62 67 73 65 53 60 59 70 70 78 67 60 55 45 54 South 28 ** ** 25 33 40 48 47 64 63 64 72 61 54 61 61 67 66 75 62 56 59 48 53 Nonsouth 22 ** ** 21 30 35 43 44 61 63 69 73 66 54 59 57 72 72 78 70 61 53 43 54 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 64 53 53 59 48 59 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 64 61 58 55 63 59 66 72 77 72 55 61 48 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 19* 19 31 41 42 55 62 66 76 67 51 62 59 75 70 82 67 63 57 41 50 Born 1927-1942 22 ** ** 19 26 27 40 44 64 66 69 77 66 60 56 55 70 68 78 65 62 48 42 52 Born 1911-1926 20 ** ** 22 33 41 45 46 68 63 69 73 61 55 56 56 73 70 70 60 63 43 36 46 Born 1895-1910 27 ** ** 26 35 48 53 51 63 65 69 62 67 50 59 68 58 63 79* 76* 72* 50* 0* ** Born before 1895 29 ** ** 21 39 35 47 45 55 50 54* 67* 50* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 26 ** ** 19 26 33 47 51 62 68 64 68 67 59 67 64 74 71 74 61 54 52 50 65 Independents & Apoliticals 29 ** ** 25 28 45 51 45 66 65 68 75 67 47 66 61 66 78 79 76 64 57 49 57 Republicans (incl leaners) 18 ** ** 27 40 39 37 36 58 56 74 79 60 50 47 51 68 67 81 72 65 59 38 39 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54 59 67 62 70 67 58 70 61 73 74 78 64 58 52 48 69 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 61 63 72 72 64 55 55 58 70 69 75 67 57 47 38 51 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 37 63 60 71 82 66 53 55 56 73 71 82 71 61 58 42 43 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust the Federal Government 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Most of the Time/ Just About Always' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 75 ** ** 80 66 62 55 54 39 35 32 26 35 43 38 43 26 28 21 35 43 43 57 46 Females 71 ** ** 74 64 61 53 52 34 32 27 25 31 45 39 39 29 30 22 31 37 44 54 47 Whites 74 ** ** 77 65 61 55 55 38 35 29 25 34 46 42 43 27 28 20 32 38 46 58 50 Blacks 62 ** ** 76 64 62 39 31 18 22 29 26 26 32 21 25 22 27 22 35 36 32 41 34 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 61 ** ** 67 60 53 43 41 25 25 27 27 30 41 27 30 27 37 32 34 41 46 64* 40* High School Diploma 76 ** ** 79 67 63 57 53 35 32 26 26 30 43 39 40 29 29 23 35 39 42 56 50 Some College, no Degree 84 ** ** 81 69 62 59 60 47 36 32 26 33 46 37 43 30 29 21 32 38 43 54 48 College Degree/ Post-grad 81 ** ** 79 66 70 60 61 41 43 37 22 40 46 43 46 25 26 16 31 44 47 53 40 Income 0-16 Percentile 57 ** ** 67 56 54 45 46 32 31 26 30 27 38 30 30 31 29 30 44 41 44 ** 45 Income 17-33 Percentile 71 ** ** 76 64 63 43 48 25 30 29 25 32 43 38 35 26 33 21 37 43 45 ** 48 Income 34-67 Percentile 79 ** ** 78 69 60 55 51 41 35 30 26 32 45 40 43 29 25 23 29 38 37 ** 51 Income 68-95 Percentile 80 ** ** 80 67 67 62 62 39 36 33 23 37 47 47 48 29 32 19 32 40 50 ** 46 Income 96-100 Percentile 78 ** ** 86 68 66 58 66 40 35 31 19 39 45 44* 44* 21 24 12 29 39 46 ** 38 Professionals 76 ** ** 81 ** 65 61 61 45 39 33 24 37 47 41 44 28 30 19 30 41 48 ** 36 White Collar 80 ** ** 80 ** 66 56 58 41 39 31 21 34 43 44 45 32 28 17 31 41 44 ** 52 Blue Collar 73 ** ** 76 ** 59 51 47 32 29 27 26 29 41 34 36 25 27 22 33 39 41 ** 51 Unskilled 63 ** ** 88* ** 70* 21* 34* 30* 28 29 39* 41* 33* 27* 31* 30 26* 31 43* 35* 43* ** 30* Farmers 62 ** ** 71 ** 55 41 52 33 31 26* 16* 32* 39 25* 45 27 36 36* 48* 59* 47* ** 46* Housewives 72 ** ** 73 ** 60 55 53 32 31 24 23 30 50 42 40 29 33 23 30 31 43 ** 59 Union Households 73 ** ** 80 65 65 52 51 34 31 29 24 34 39 40 42 28 28 24 32 43 43 60 48 Non-Union Households 73 ** ** 75 65 60 54 54 37 34 29 26 32 45 38 40 28 29 21 33 39 44 55 46 South 67 ** ** 73 61 60 51 50 33 32 31 26 35 42 37 38 30 33 23 38 42 40 52 47 Nonsouth 75 ** ** 78 66 62 55 54 37 34 28 25 32 45 39 42 27 27 21 30 39 46 57 46 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* 33 47 46 41 52 41 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 36 41 43 36 39 33 27 22 28 45 39 52 45 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 81* 78 69 58 57 43 37 32 23 31 48 37 40 24 30 18 33 37 43 59 49 Born 1927-1942 76 ** ** 81 70 71 59 56 35 32 29 23 32 38 41 45 28 30 21 35 38 52 58 48 Born 1911-1926 78 ** ** 77 64 58 53 52 31 33 26 24 35 42 42 42 24 28 29 39 35 57 64 53 Born 1895-1910 68 ** ** 72 62 50 45 45 32 27 23 32 26 43 35 29 40 30 21* 24* 28* 51* 100* ** Born before 1895 64 ** ** 74 51 58 46 50 39 34 38* 33* 50* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 71 ** ** 80 71 65 52 47 36 29 33 30 30 39 31 35 25 28 26 39 45 47 50 35 Independents & Apoliticals 63 ** ** 72 65 50 46 52 29 29 26 21 27 45 31 35 28 21 15 24 33 41 51 41 Republicans (incl leaners) 79 ** ** 71 56 59 60 62 41 41 24 20 39 49 52 48 32 32 19 27 35 41 62 61 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 40 32 36 30 32 41 29 39 27 26 22 36 41 48 52 31 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 38 36 26 27 35 44 43 42 29 31 25 33 43 53 62 49 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62 36 38 28 18 33 47 45 44 27 29 18 29 38 42 58 56 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2004 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Few Big Interests 29 33 40 50 53 66 66 67 70 61 55 ** 64 71 75 76 69 64 61 48 56 Benefit of All 64 53 51 41 38 25 24 24 21 29 39 ** 31 24 20 19 27 32 35 51 40 Don't Know, Depends 7 13 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 10 6 ** 5 5 4 5 3 4 5 2 4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1443 1276 1336 1496 2273 2500 2839 2263 1593 1397 1898 1761 1952 2228 1757 1490 1271 1530 1276 1061 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?" This question is variable VCF0605 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Few Big Interests' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 30 36 45 51 55 69 68 66 72 59 57 ** 64 72 77 76 71 62 61 46 58 Females 27 31 36 49 52 64 65 67 69 63 53 ** 63 71 74 76 69 65 60 49 54 Whites 29 35 41 49 52 66 66 68 73 61 55 ** 63 74 78 78 71 66 61 46 53 Blacks 28 23 26 65 67 69 73 59 54 64 59 ** 70 70 74 68 62 62 63 58 71 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 33 33 46 63 58 71 69 59 67 57 53 ** 66 65 64 61 64 58 72 33* 53* High School Diploma 27 36 40 48 54 66 68 67 71 60 55 ** 66 70 74 77 70 64 61 48 55 Some College, no Degree 29 29 36 40 52 62 66 70 73 68 54 ** 62 76 78 80 73 67 64 49 56 College Degree/ Post-grad 26 27 32 42 46 65 60 66 67 57 57 ** 60 74 78 73 65 62 55 49 58 Income 0-16 Percentile 36 37 42 60 53 65 64 66 65 62 55 ** 68 63 67 72 60 58 63 ** 58 Income 17-33 Percentile 26 37 41 58 61 79 67 67 72 59 55 ** 67 71 78 76 74 64 66 ** 61 Income 34-67 Percentile 30 32 42 52 56 64 67 71 71 64 56 ** 68 72 77 78 73 66 64 ** 50 Income 68-95 Percentile 26 30 35 41 49 67 68 67 74 62 55 ** 58 73 77 77 70 66 56 ** 53 Income 96-100 Percentile 16 27 37 42 36 41 52 64 69 54 43 ** 38* 71 78 74 66 66 53 ** 64 Professionals 29 ** 37 44 47 63 64 70 68 59 56 ** 61 73 80 74 67 63 58 ** 62 White Collar 29 ** 39 42 51 66 65 67 74 62 56 ** 67 72 75 79 70 68 63 ** 55 Blue Collar 28 ** 45 52 62 72 75 66 71 62 56 ** 65 72 77 77 71 64 66 ** 52 Unskilled 34* ** 25* 71* 63* 78* 70 61 70* 66* 67* ** 79* 68 76* 78 68* 75* 65* ** 71* Farmers 36 ** 56 73 54 64 55 60* 90* 59* 58 ** 73 68 62 73* 73* 71* 40* ** 59* Housewives 26 ** 34 51 49 61 59 68 70 60 47 ** 55 70 67 76 76 65 56 ** 43 Union Households 24 34 42 47 59 67 72 68 74 63 62 ** 64 75 83 76 73 61 60 48 60 Non-Union Households 30 33 39 51 51 66 65 66 69 61 53 ** 64 71 74 76 69 64 61 48 55 South 33 42 42 57 52 68 64 63 64 58 53 ** 67 70 71 72 67 60 63 48 52 Nonsouth 27 31 39 48 54 66 67 68 73 62 56 ** 62 72 77 78 71 66 59 48 58 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 79 67 49 50 49 61 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 61 50 50 ** 56 62 70 76 71 63 62 47 52 Born 1943-1958 29* 27 33 43 54 62 70 67 73 65 54 ** 69 74 77 79 69 68 61 47 55 Born 1927-1942 23 28 35 46 53 70 65 67 70 60 57 ** 60 74 74 74 69 64 62 48 58 Born 1911-1926 30 33 40 50 54 68 66 68 73 61 58 ** 62 79 83 71 68 67 67 54 55 Born 1895-1910 34 38 48 59 54 67 63 69 65 58 54 ** 76 71 74 61* 53* 64* 45* 0* ** Born before 1895 31 46 42 55 48 68 49 58* 78* 67* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 24 28 37 53 60 67 75 65 69 65 65 ** 70 75 78 75 67 60 59 56 70 Independents & Apoliticals 36 42 49 53 55 72 64 64 67 63 49 ** 66 68 76 78 75 71 66 57 58 Republicans (incl leaners) 37 39 41 43 43 61 54 72 75 54 46 ** 55 67 72 77 71 67 61 36 39 Liberals ** ** ** ** 66 74 74 68 67 69 65 ** 69 77 81 78 65 68 53 57 74 Moderates ** ** ** ** 51 65 71 72 74 64 55 ** 66 73 76 75 70 63 56 54 60 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 46 65 60 69 76 60 50 ** 59 70 74 78 70 63 59 38 42 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Benefit of All' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 63 52 46 40 38 26 24 25 20 32 38 ** 33 25 20 19 26 35 35 51 38 Females 65 54 55 41 37 24 24 24 22 27 40 ** 29 23 21 20 28 30 34 50 42 Whites 63 52 49 42 39 25 24 23 19 29 40 ** 32 22 18 18 26 30 35 53 42 Blacks 68 64 66 33 24 19 19 32 34 24 30 ** 25 23 22 27 32 34 33 39 27 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 57 47 41 30 31 20 19 26 19 29 33 ** 25 23 26 23 21 35 22 55* 35* High School Diploma 68 54 52 43 37 24 24 24 20 31 39 ** 28 26 21 19 28 33 34 51 41 Some College, no Degree 63 54 55 51 41 28 26 23 21 24 40 ** 34 20 19 18 25 30 32 50 41 College Degree/ Post-grad 62 63 61 45 45 30 28 26 26 32 41 ** 37 25 19 22 31 33 41 49 39 Income 0-16 Percentile 56 48 50 31 34 22 26 22 24 29 32 ** 24 28 27 23 34 36 32 ** 37 Income 17-33 Percentile 63 49 49 34 30 14 22 26 20 31 39 ** 28 25 19 19 24 34 29 ** 37 Income 34-67 Percentile 68 52 51 40 38 27 25 22 21 28 39 ** 28 24 20 19 24 30 32 ** 46 Income 68-95 Percentile 66 60 56 50 42 25 24 27 21 31 42 ** 38 25 20 19 28 31 40 ** 44 Income 96-100 Percentile 72 58 48 43 54 47 30 27 25 36 53 ** 53* 26 19 24 31 30 44 ** 35 Professionals 64 ** 56 44 44 30 27 24 26 31 40 ** 34 23 18 22 29 33 36 ** 36 White Collar 63 ** 52 48 39 23 26 24 17 27 38 ** 31 25 20 18 27 29 32 ** 41 Blue Collar 64 ** 45 40 31 21 18 26 21 30 39 ** 29 23 19 19 27 32 31 ** 42 Unskilled 66* ** 60* 29* 29* 16* 25 24 22* 18* 31* ** 14* 29 21* 14 21* 18* 30* ** 29* Farmers 53 ** 42 19 37 25 30 26* 0* 23* 31 ** 25 23 30 12* 7* 29* 48* ** 38* Housewives 67 ** 56 41 41 27 28 22 20 30 44 ** 33 24 26 17 22 31 42 ** 51 Union Households 69 52 50 45 33 23 20 26 19 32 34 ** 31 22 15 20 25 35 37 52 38 Non-Union Households 63 53 51 39 39 25 25 24 22 28 40 ** 31 24 22 19 28 32 34 50 41 South 60 45 51 35 40 23 24 27 25 31 39 ** 29 23 23 23 29 34 32 49 43 Nonsouth 65 56 51 43 37 25 24 23 20 28 39 ** 32 24 19 17 27 31 36 51 39 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 18 33 46 43 51 39 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 32 41 44 ** 39 33 26 20 27 33 33 52 43 Born 1943-1958 67* 64 56 51 39 28 24 26 20 26 42 ** 26 23 20 17 28 28 35 50 41 Born 1927-1942 69 59 58 44 37 25 24 24 23 29 38 ** 35 20 21 20 25 31 34 49 36 Born 1911-1926 64 54 49 42 39 23 24 22 18 28 33 ** 31 14 12 22 28 29 27 45 41 Born 1895-1910 57 47 44 32 37 22 22 21 19 30 31 ** 19 24 16 20* 32* 36* 45* 43* ** Born before 1895 59 36 45 28 34 15 33 31* 11* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 70 59 55 39 32 24 18 27 24 25 32 ** 26 22 19 21 30 36 37 43 27 Independents & Apoliticals 51 41 36 36 36 17 23 20 17 22 37 ** 23 20 18 11 23 23 28 39 35 Republicans (incl leaners) 56 48 50 46 47 30 34 22 19 38 48 ** 39 29 23 19 25 30 34 62 57 Liberals ** ** ** ** 29 20 19 24 25 23 32 ** 27 21 17 19 31 29 40 41 26 Moderates ** ** ** ** 39 27 21 21 18 30 40 ** 29 24 21 21 28 35 40 45 37 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 47 27 30 23 19 32 44 ** 36 26 22 19 26 33 38 61 53 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2004 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 A Lot 43 ** ** 47 ** 59 69 66 74 74 77 78 66 65 ** 63 67 67 70 59 61 59 48 61 Some 42 ** ** 44 ** 34 26 30 22 20 19 18 29 29 ** 33 30 30 27 39 34 38 49 37 Not Very Much 10 ** ** 7 ** 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 2 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 Don't Know 4 ** ** 2 ** 3 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 ** 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1447 1343 1502 2282 2515 2865 2291 1607 1403 1920 1768 1962 2249 1769 1500 1278 1541 1311 1059 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you think that people in the government waste a lot of money we pay in taxes, waste some of it, or don't waste very much of it?" This question is variable VCF0606 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'A Lot' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 46 ** ** 50 ** 66 73 70 76 75 79 81 69 71 ** 66 71 72 71 62 60 60 52 63 Females 41 ** ** 44 ** 54 65 62 73 73 76 77 63 60 ** 61 63 64 69 56 62 57 44 59 Whites 44 ** ** 49 ** 62 70 66 74 76 78 81 68 67 ** 65 69 70 72 61 62 58 47 60 Blacks 39 ** ** 34 ** 36 58 65 77 65 69 59 49 57 ** 55 64 58 57 47 57 54 42 62 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 43 ** ** 43 ** 62 75 67 75 69 71 71 61 50 ** 62 61 60 60 50 57 70 67* 73* High School Diploma 42 ** ** 46 ** 55 65 67 76 75 78 78 65 64 ** 63 65 65 68 61 63 61 50 61 Some College, no Degree 50 ** ** 54 ** 70 70 66 70 78 78 82 71 71 ** 63 71 72 75 60 62 59 47 62 College Degree/ Post-grad 41 ** ** 53 ** 55 71 62 70 71 78 80 64 66 ** 63 68 70 73 56 57 53 42 56 Income 0-16 Percentile 41 ** ** 45 ** 53 65 62 67 65 70 67 60 54 ** 56 61 56 56 47 57 60 ** 57 Income 17-33 Percentile 42 ** ** 43 ** 63 66 67 80 70 74 79 66 64 ** 64 65 62 68 63 56 63 ** 64 Income 34-67 Percentile 40 ** ** 46 ** 59 71 67 73 77 81 81 69 68 ** 64 66 71 73 62 66 58 ** 57 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** ** 50 ** 58 69 67 77 76 80 83 64 69 ** 65 69 71 77 59 61 56 ** 62 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 ** ** 54 ** 74 69 62 80 81 76 81 73 68 ** 62* 71 73 68 57 63 64 ** 65 Professionals 45 ** ** 51 ** 68 71 67 70 76 79 81 68 69 ** 63 68 70 73 59 62 54 ** 60 White Collar 44 ** ** 52 ** 60 66 64 81 74 76 82 67 68 ** 66 63 68 69 62 60 61 ** 59 Blue Collar 47 ** ** 44 ** 63 71 69 77 75 77 77 67 65 ** 62 69 69 73 61 64 62 ** 66 Unskilled 37 ** ** 28* ** 45* 75* 63* 81* 63 73 76* 54* 59* ** 60* 61 66* 49 54* 55* 54* ** 65* Farmers 50 ** ** 47 ** 64 76 72 73 68 74* 84* 64* 61 ** 69 68 55 69* 51* 41* 53* ** 65* Housewives 39 ** ** 46 ** 50 64 64 70 72 78 76 65 56 ** 62 66 63 68 54 68 62 ** 52 Union Households 48 ** ** 41 ** 60 69 68 71 78 79 77 66 69 ** 64 67 75 72 61 64 58 43 62 Non-Union Households 42 ** ** 49 ** 59 69 65 75 73 76 79 66 64 ** 62 67 66 70 59 60 59 49 60 South 45 ** ** 47 ** 62 69 67 73 72 75 78 67 65 ** 61 67 63 64 55 59 63 49 60 Nonsouth 43 ** ** 47 ** 58 69 65 74 74 78 78 65 65 ** 64 66 69 73 62 62 56 47 61 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 56 55 44 46 40 47 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 66 58 49 53 ** 50 58 62 66 54 60 56 45 60 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 43* ** 54 63 59 69 72 75 79 66 65 ** 67 67 68 72 60 65 59 51 63 Born 1927-1942 37 ** ** 43 ** 55 66 67 74 77 80 83 70 71 ** 62 76 72 79 60 66 68 54 72 Born 1911-1926 41 ** ** 48 ** 63 72 71 81 77 80 80 69 71 ** 69 72 74 69 70 64 66 46 67 Born 1895-1910 48 ** ** 49 ** 62 74 68 76 71 78 76 61 57 ** 71 55 62 60* 63* 64* 76* 57* ** Born before 1895 49 ** ** 53 ** 63 72 62 65 65 69* 78* 50* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 45 ** ** 42 ** 53 68 68 72 73 75 74 64 67 ** 63 68 67 65 55 58 54 47 62 Independents & Apoliticals 41 ** ** 53 ** 60 68 66 75 76 80 75 64 58 ** 66 58 68 66 60 64 62 51 64 Republicans (incl leaners) 41 ** ** 57 ** 68 71 63 76 74 80 86 70 64 ** 62 68 68 77 64 64 63 47 58 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 68 74 71 77 74 57 70 ** 63 67 65 68 49 59 48 40 57 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 66 73 76 81 79 66 68 ** 67 67 68 74 64 58 46 43 60 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 79 79 81 86 75 69 ** 65 72 74 76 64 66 66 53 65 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 40 ** ** 41 ** 28 22 27 22 19 18 16 26 25 ** 31 26 27 27 36 37 36 44 35 Females 45 ** ** 46 ** 39 30 33 23 20 19 19 31 33 ** 34 34 32 28 42 32 40 53 38 Whites 43 ** ** 44 ** 33 25 31 23 20 19 16 28 29 ** 32 29 28 26 38 34 40 50 39 Blacks 36 ** ** 45 ** 45 35 26 13 21 21 28 40 28 ** 37 28 35 33 47 38 40 50 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 37 ** ** 42 ** 28 20 24 19 16 16 16 23 28 ** 28 28 28 27 48 38 23 33* 17* High School Diploma 45 ** ** 46 ** 38 30 30 21 20 18 19 30 31 ** 33 32 32 29 37 32 35 45 35 Some College, no Degree 42 ** ** 41 ** 27 26 31 27 18 20 16 26 27 ** 34 27 27 25 39 33 39 52 35 College Degree/ Post-grad 51 ** ** 41 ** 42 25 37 28 26 21 18 35 30 ** 34 30 30 25 42 41 45 55 44 Income 0-16 Percentile 36 ** ** 39 ** 34 28 29 22 19 21 22 30 33 ** 34 30 35 35 49 34 33 ** 34 Income 17-33 Percentile 42 ** ** 50 ** 29 29 29 16 22 20 18 27 30 ** 31 30 35 32 35 38 36 ** 34 Income 34-67 Percentile 45 ** ** 45 ** 36 25 31 25 19 18 17 29 29 ** 34 32 28 26 37 30 39 ** 41 Income 68-95 Percentile 44 ** ** 44 ** 37 26 30 22 22 19 15 34 28 ** 33 30 28 22 40 38 43 ** 37 Income 96-100 Percentile 46 ** ** 43 ** 25 31 34 20 17 23 17 24 30 ** 36* 27 25 30 43 35 36 ** 35 Professionals 47 ** ** 44 ** 29 26 31 27 20 19 16 30 28 ** 34 31 29 25 41 35 45 ** 40 White Collar 45 ** ** 40 ** 35 29 32 17 23 21 16 29 30 ** 32 36 30 30 38 35 36 ** 38 Blue Collar 38 ** ** 46 ** 29 24 27 19 18 17 18 28 27 ** 34 26 28 25 37 32 34 ** 32 Unskilled 44 ** ** 44* ** 50* 21* 34* 16* 20 22 17* 33* 34* ** 33* 28 34* 49 46* 39* 34* ** 32* Farmers 26 ** ** 35 ** 24 18 24 21 16 16* 13* 20* 33 ** 20 28 35 27* 43* 52* 47* ** 27* Housewives 46 ** ** 46 ** 42 30 32 25 20 17 17 28 33 ** 32 30 30 27 43 26 31 ** 39 Union Households 37 ** ** 49 ** 36 28 28 25 18 18 19 30 26 ** 33 31 24 26 37 35 39 55 37 Non-Union Households 44 ** ** 42 ** 34 26 31 21 20 19 17 29 30 ** 33 30 31 28 40 34 38 48 36 South 38 ** ** 43 ** 31 27 27 22 19 18 17 26 26 ** 33 27 33 32 43 35 33 45 35 Nonsouth 44 ** ** 45 ** 35 26 31 22 20 19 18 30 31 ** 33 32 28 25 38 34 41 51 37 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 40 45 44 51 54 49 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 35 45 41 ** 44 38 34 32 44 35 40 51 38 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 52* ** 36 30 37 27 25 22 18 30 32 ** 31 31 31 26 38 33 38 47 34 Born 1927-1942 47 ** ** 48 ** 39 29 31 24 19 17 15 26 24 ** 33 21 24 20 38 30 31 45 27 Born 1911-1926 47 ** ** 44 ** 35 26 24 17 16 16 16 25 22 ** 27 23 24 26 29 31 30 50 23 Born 1895-1910 37 ** ** 41 ** 29 20 27 17 16 16 13 24 29 ** 24 40 26 38* 37* 36* 15* 43* ** Born before 1895 32 ** ** 36 ** 22 23 27 26 15 12* 22* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 42 ** ** 48 ** 38 28 29 24 21 20 21 30 28 ** 33 30 31 32 44 37 43 49 35 Independents & Apoliticals 39 ** ** 38 ** 29 24 27 20 18 16 18 29 28 ** 28 34 27 28 38 31 31 44 28 Republicans (incl leaners) 45 ** ** 38 ** 30 25 33 21 20 19 12 27 32 ** 34 30 29 22 34 32 35 50 41 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 23 27 20 23 39 27 ** 33 32 34 31 50 35 50 56 42 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 25 21 18 18 32 29 ** 31 31 30 25 35 38 46 55 38 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 19 19 18 12 23 29 ** 32 26 24 22 35 32 33 45 33 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not very Much' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 11 ** ** 7 ** 5 3 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 ** 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 Females 9 ** ** 6 ** 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 Whites 10 ** ** 5 ** 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 ** 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 Blacks 19 ** ** 19 ** 8 6 4 1 7 5 7 7 7 ** 5 4 3 8 6 5 4 8 5 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 12 ** ** 9 ** 6 3 5 2 6 5 4 4 10 ** 6 5 6 9 1 5 6 0* 6* High School Diploma 10 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 ** 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 3 Some College, no Degree 8 ** ** 5 ** 3 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 ** 2 1 1 1 0 4 1 1 2 College Degree/ Post-grad 8 ** ** 6 ** 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 ** 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 0 Income 0-16 Percentile 15 ** ** 10 ** 7 4 4 4 10 3 6 6 6 ** 7 4 6 6 4 5 5 ** 7 Income 17-33 Percentile 12 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 ** 2 3 2 0 2 5 1 ** 1 Income 34-67 Percentile 12 ** ** 7 ** 4 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ** 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 ** 2 Income 68-95 Percentile 8 ** ** 5 ** 4 4 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 ** 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 ** 1 Income 96-100 Percentile 4 ** ** 2 ** 2 0 3 0 1 1 3 1 2 ** 2* 3 2 1 0 2 0 ** 0 Professionals 8 ** ** 3 ** 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 3 ** 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 ** 1 White Collar 9 ** ** 7 ** 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 ** 1 1 1 0 0 4 3 ** 1 Blue Collar 12 ** ** 8 ** 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 ** 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 ** 1 Unskilled 13 ** ** 16* ** 5* 4* 3* 0* 9 0 2* 0* 5* ** 2* 7 0* 0 0* 7* 7* ** 0* Farmers 15 ** ** 17 ** 13 6 2 3 8 5* 0* 7* 2 ** 7 1 6 0* 6* 7* 0* ** 8* Housewives 9 ** ** 5 ** 3 4 2 1 3 2 3 2 7 ** 3 2 4 2 2 4 5 ** 9 Union Households 12 ** ** 8 ** 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 ** 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 Non-Union Households 10 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 4 2 South 11 ** ** 8 ** 5 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 5 ** 4 3 3 3 3 5 3 6 3 Nonsouth 10 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 ** 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* 4 0 10 2 6 3 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 3 4 4 4 ** 4 2 3 2 1 4 3 4 1 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 5* ** 9 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 ** 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 Born 1927-1942 13 ** ** 7 ** 3 4 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 ** 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 Born 1911-1926 8 ** ** 6 ** 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 2 3 1 5 1 3 3 4 9 Born 1895-1910 10 ** ** 7 ** 7 4 3 2 6 2 4 5 6 ** 1 2 5 2* 0* 0* 0* 0* ** Born before 1895 12 ** ** 5 ** 6 4 4 2 2 8* 0* 17* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 10 ** ** 9 ** 6 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 ** 3 2 2 3 1 4 3 4 2 Independents & Apoliticals 11 ** ** 6 ** 4 6 4 1 3 1 2 1 7 ** 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 ** ** 3 ** 2 3 2 2 3 0 2 2 3 ** 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 ** 3 1 2 1 1 6 2 4 1 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 ** 2 2 2 2 1 3 7 2 1 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 ** 2 1 2 1 1 2 0 3 1 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2004 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Quite a Few 24 ** ** 29 ** 25 32 36 45 42 39 47 ** 32 ** 40 48 46 52 44 41 36 30 35 Not Many 44 ** ** 49 ** 52 49 45 42 40 42 41 ** 50 ** 45 40 44 39 47 46 49 56 53 Hardly Any 26 ** ** 18 ** 19 16 14 10 13 13 9 ** 14 ** 11 9 9 8 9 12 13 14 10 Don't Know 6 ** ** 4 ** 4 3 4 3 5 6 4 ** 4 ** 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 0 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1438 1330 1489 2268 2498 2832 2266 1600 1905 1764 1957 2234 1765 1495 1275 1539 1297 1058 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.4 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are (1958-1972: a little) crooked, not very many are, or do you think hardly any of them are crooked (1958-1972: at all)?" This question is variable VCF0608 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Quite a Few' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 23 ** ** 27 ** 27 33 34 44 39 36 44 ** 30 ** 37 48 44 48 41 38 35 28 34 Females 25 ** ** 30 ** 24 31 37 46 44 42 49 ** 34 ** 43 48 47 54 46 43 37 31 37 Whites 24 ** ** 30 ** 26 29 33 44 40 39 47 ** 32 ** 39 48 46 52 44 43 35 29 33 Blacks 20 ** ** 21 ** 18 50 62 53 57 45 45 ** 38 ** 51 57 48 52 47 36 42 36 40 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 25 ** ** 31 ** 27 40 38 52 45 37 47 ** 33 ** 48 48 44 47 33 32 48 30* 33* High School Diploma 26 ** ** 27 ** 27 30 38 49 46 43 49 ** 36 ** 43 49 48 53 48 43 39 31 39 Some College, no Degree 21 ** ** 34 ** 26 29 34 40 38 40 49 ** 29 ** 38 53 47 53 48 45 37 32 33 College Degree/ Post-grad 13 ** ** 25 ** 17 23 30 28 30 27 37 ** 26 ** 31 40 41 48 34 34 28 24 31 Income 0-16 Percentile 25 ** ** 33 ** 25 42 37 44 42 43 45 ** 33 ** 47 48 47 48 41 39 43 ** 36 Income 17-33 Percentile 24 ** ** 29 ** 26 33 39 61 45 43 49 ** 36 ** 45 53 49 55 46 40 40 ** 40 Income 34-67 Percentile 25 ** ** 27 ** 25 31 37 42 44 40 47 ** 33 ** 41 52 47 50 48 41 35 ** 38 Income 68-95 Percentile 24 ** ** 28 ** 27 28 33 43 35 35 45 ** 30 ** 34 42 43 51 41 43 36 ** 27 Income 96-100 Percentile 7 ** ** 28 ** 22 19 27 32 40 31 51 ** 21 ** 24* 32 38 44 36 42 32 ** 32 Professionals 18 ** ** 29 ** 24 26 28 40 36 32 41 ** 28 ** 37 42 39 47 36 37 31 ** 36 White Collar 21 ** ** 25 ** 21 27 40 41 41 42 51 ** 36 ** 38 42 49 57 48 40 36 ** 31 Blue Collar 27 ** ** 31 ** 32 37 41 49 49 42 48 ** 34 ** 45 54 51 53 45 43 41 ** 38 Unskilled 30 ** ** 16* ** 25* 29* 46* 49* 43 47 37* ** 39* ** 45* 51 60* 45 48* 19* 38* ** 45* Farmers 25 ** ** 24 ** 24 44 40 44 46 40* 55* ** 23 ** 51 55 35 50* 49* 31* 16* ** 56* Housewives 25 ** ** 30 ** 23 31 33 47 38 41 51 ** 30 ** 37 48 47 54 53 52 41 ** 29 Union Households 30 ** ** 29 ** 28 32 39 48 45 39 48 ** 35 ** 39 47 50 54 49 44 36 29 33 Non-Union Households 22 ** ** 29 ** 25 31 35 44 41 39 46 ** 31 ** 40 48 45 51 43 40 36 30 36 South 29 ** ** 28 ** 29 40 39 52 48 39 49 ** 39 ** 45 52 44 50 45 42 44 32 36 Nonsouth 22 ** ** 29 ** 24 29 35 43 40 39 46 ** 29 ** 38 47 46 52 43 40 32 29 35 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* 47 55 39 41 31 45 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 47 ** 30 ** 35 45 46 52 49 46 42 31 36 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 43* ** 21 32 37 44 42 39 50 ** 32 ** 40 50 46 54 44 42 33 30 32 Born 1927-1942 24 ** ** 28 ** 26 32 36 48 42 40 44 ** 34 ** 39 50 46 49 39 37 29 26 32 Born 1911-1926 26 ** ** 28 ** 27 33 36 47 45 39 46 ** 34 ** 46 50 46 47 35 29 31 24 20 Born 1895-1910 23 ** ** 31 ** 23 32 36 43 39 45 42 ** 31 ** 48 33 39 55* 32* 53* 41* 0* ** Born before 1895 22 ** ** 30 ** 26 22 25 43 29 23* 11* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 27 ** ** 26 ** 24 33 42 45 45 39 44 ** 36 ** 44 51 46 50 43 38 35 32 41 Independents & Apoliticals 20 ** ** 31 ** 33 41 38 55 43 42 46 ** 32 ** 46 48 50 58 51 48 43 42 40 Republicans (incl leaners) 19 ** ** 34 ** 25 26 28 39 36 40 52 ** 28 ** 34 45 43 51 44 43 35 25 28 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 42 45 41 43 ** 32 ** 43 45 44 48 41 35 30 28 38 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 32 43 40 41 49 ** 35 ** 41 48 47 54 48 42 29 30 36 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 45 41 37 48 ** 29 ** 38 49 46 51 43 40 34 27 32 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not Many' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 43 ** ** 48 ** 49 48 48 44 43 45 45 ** 50 ** 46 40 45 42 47 45 50 56 54 Females 44 ** ** 50 ** 54 51 43 40 38 39 38 ** 49 ** 44 40 43 36 47 46 48 55 53 Whites 43 ** ** 48 ** 51 51 48 43 42 42 42 ** 51 ** 47 42 44 39 46 45 50 57 56 Blacks 54 ** ** 56 ** 63 41 24 32 27 38 37 ** 40 ** 33 32 40 34 42 49 46 51 49 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 39 ** ** 45 ** 48 40 39 31 29 36 32 ** 34 ** 28 33 37 43 56 47 22 38* 60* High School Diploma 45 ** ** 50 ** 51 51 45 40 39 38 38 ** 46 ** 42 37 42 36 43 43 45 52 50 Some College, no Degree 48 ** ** 49 ** 54 54 50 46 46 43 44 ** 57 ** 50 40 46 40 45 45 53 57 58 College Degree/ Post-grad 51 ** ** 52 ** 59 60 53 57 52 55 54 ** 56 ** 54 50 48 43 55 51 56 62 54 Income 0-16 Percentile 42 ** ** 41 ** 50 39 39 38 34 33 35 ** 42 ** 32 33 38 36 49 42 39 ** 54 Income 17-33 Percentile 43 ** ** 53 ** 54 48 41 32 34 40 38 ** 47 ** 42 35 41 35 48 46 46 ** 48 Income 34-67 Percentile 45 ** ** 52 ** 54 53 47 46 42 43 42 ** 52 ** 46 37 44 42 44 48 50 ** 52 Income 68-95 Percentile 45 ** ** 50 ** 50 50 49 47 51 48 47 ** 54 ** 53 48 47 41 49 45 51 ** 60 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 ** ** 49 ** 48 63 57 39 39 49 43 ** 56 ** 58* 57 48 49 46 40 52 ** 55 Professionals 44 ** ** 48 ** 53 56 50 46 45 47 50 ** 55 ** 51 49 51 45 52 50 55 ** 49 White Collar 48 ** ** 49 ** 56 54 46 46 44 42 41 ** 47 ** 46 43 42 34 44 47 48 ** 61 Blue Collar 43 ** ** 48 ** 47 44 41 39 36 39 39 ** 47 ** 40 34 39 38 45 42 44 ** 52 Unskilled 48 ** ** 56* ** 55* 58* 37* 30* 37 36 37* ** 44* ** 36* 26 31* 48 52* 79* 47* ** 55* Farmers 35 ** ** 47 ** 56 44 44 40 31 47* 26* ** 45 ** 38 28 49 34* 44* 43* 68* ** 36* Housewives 44 ** ** 50 ** 54 49 47 41 40 39 34 ** 51 ** 47 41 41 33 39 37 44 ** 57 Union Households 40 ** ** 49 ** 47 47 48 37 41 44 41 ** 51 ** 47 44 44 38 46 44 52 58 59 Non-Union Households 45 ** ** 49 ** 54 51 45 43 40 41 41 ** 49 ** 44 39 44 39 47 46 48 55 52 South 39 ** ** 53 ** 54 46 41 36 34 39 38 ** 42 ** 39 34 45 39 46 44 44 53 52 Nonsouth 45 ** ** 48 ** 52 51 47 44 42 43 42 ** 53 ** 47 43 43 39 48 47 51 57 54 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 42 43 43 48 62 47 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 36 ** 52 ** 48 41 44 39 45 41 44 56 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 33* ** 59 51 47 46 44 44 41 ** 54 ** 48 42 45 35 45 44 53 54 55 Born 1927-1942 51 ** ** 51 ** 53 50 50 41 40 45 45 ** 47 ** 44 36 41 44 50 52 51 57 52 Born 1911-1926 42 ** ** 52 ** 51 46 44 39 38 41 41 ** 46 ** 38 37 43 39 53 53 48 45 70 Born 1895-1910 45 ** ** 45 ** 50 50 43 39 34 28 37 ** 39 ** 31 47 44 28* 61* 32* 33* 0* ** Born before 1895 35 ** ** 43 ** 47 53 37 32 34 23* 44* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 43 ** ** 50 ** 52 48 42 44 39 42 44 ** 48 ** 42 38 44 40 48 48 47 55 50 Independents & Apoliticals 42 ** ** 48 ** 46 39 46 32 38 33 37 ** 44 ** 40 34 37 30 36 41 41 48 44 Republicans (incl leaners) 46 ** ** 48 ** 54 56 50 43 44 46 39 ** 53 ** 49 44 46 40 47 44 53 58 61 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 49 43 42 46 ** 53 ** 45 46 46 43 51 51 57 61 54 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 51 45 44 44 43 ** 49 ** 45 43 43 39 44 46 53 53 50 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48 40 43 46 44 ** 53 ** 48 40 45 39 47 47 54 60 58 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.4.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Hardly Any' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 29 ** ** 22 ** 21 18 15 11 15 15 9 ** 18 ** 14 11 10 9 11 16 14 14 11 Females 24 ** ** 16 ** 17 15 13 9 12 11 8 ** 12 ** 9 8 8 8 7 9 13 14 8 Whites 27 ** ** 18 ** 20 17 15 10 14 13 8 ** 15 ** 11 8 9 8 9 11 14 14 10 Blacks 19 ** ** 20 ** 14 8 9 9 7 8 11 ** 10 ** 9 8 9 11 10 12 9 11 8 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 25 ** ** 16 ** 16 16 14 10 12 11 11 ** 18 ** 12 9 13 4 7 19 22 22* 0* High School Diploma 25 ** ** 19 ** 19 16 14 8 11 12 9 ** 14 ** 10 11 8 10 9 12 14 16 9 Some College, no Degree 28 ** ** 16 ** 18 16 15 12 13 13 5 ** 12 ** 10 6 6 6 7 9 8 11 8 College Degree/ Post-grad 34 ** ** 22 ** 23 16 15 13 17 15 8 ** 16 ** 14 9 11 8 11 14 16 13 14 Income 0-16 Percentile 24 ** ** 18 ** 20 14 14 10 12 12 13 ** 16 ** 12 11 11 13 9 15 15 ** 8 Income 17-33 Percentile 24 ** ** 13 ** 14 15 16 6 14 12 10 ** 13 ** 11 11 8 9 6 14 12 ** 10 Income 34-67 Percentile 27 ** ** 20 ** 19 13 13 9 12 13 8 ** 13 ** 10 10 7 8 7 10 13 ** 9 Income 68-95 Percentile 28 ** ** 20 ** 21 21 16 9 12 14 8 ** 15 ** 12 9 9 7 10 11 13 ** 12 Income 96-100 Percentile 33 ** ** 21 ** 30 19 14 28 18 18 4 ** 21 ** 13* 10 13 7 19 18 16 ** 13 Professionals 34 ** ** 21 ** 22 17 19 13 16 16 9 ** 16 ** 12 7 9 8 12 12 12 ** 13 White Collar 28 ** ** 23 ** 19 16 11 12 11 13 6 ** 14 ** 13 13 9 8 7 12 14 ** 7 Blue Collar 26 ** ** 17 ** 18 16 14 8 11 11 8 ** 14 ** 9 9 8 8 9 13 14 ** 8 Unskilled 19 ** ** 22* ** 15* 8* 14* 19* 13 10 17* ** 10* ** 10* 16 9* 3 0* 2* 9* ** 0* Farmers 25 ** ** 24 ** 18 11 7 10 13 5* 13* ** 25 ** 9 10 11 11* 7* 26* 13* ** 9* Housewives 23 ** ** 15 ** 18 15 13 7 14 12 10 ** 13 ** 11 6 9 11 8 9 14 ** 11 Union Households 27 ** ** 20 ** 23 19 11 12 11 11 8 ** 11 ** 9 8 6 7 6 11 11 13 8 Non-Union Households 26 ** ** 18 ** 18 15 15 9 13 13 9 ** 15 ** 12 10 9 9 9 13 14 15 10 South 23 ** ** 14 ** 14 11 14 8 10 13 9 ** 12 ** 11 10 9 8 8 12 9 15 10 Nonsouth 27 ** ** 20 ** 21 18 14 10 14 13 8 ** 16 ** 11 9 9 9 9 12 16 14 10 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 9 2 16 10 7 7 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 11 ** 14 ** 13 11 8 8 6 12 12 12 7 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 24* ** 19 15 14 9 11 13 7 ** 12 ** 9 7 7 9 11 12 13 16 11 Born 1927-1942 22 ** ** 17 ** 18 16 12 8 14 10 8 ** 16 ** 12 10 11 5 10 9 18 17 15 Born 1911-1926 27 ** ** 18 ** 19 19 16 10 13 14 9 ** 15 ** 13 9 9 11 12 17 18 30 9 Born 1895-1910 24 ** ** 20 ** 21 14 14 12 14 15 11 ** 19 ** 10 16 12 8* 4* 15* 0* 43* ** Born before 1895 33 ** ** 17 ** 18 19 21 18 18 27* 22* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 25 ** ** 21 ** 20 16 12 8 12 13 9 ** 13 ** 10 9 9 8 9 13 16 12 9 Independents & Apoliticals 22 ** ** 12 ** 17 18 10 8 11 13 10 ** 13 ** 7 10 8 8 12 8 13 10 11 Republicans (incl leaners) 30 ** ** 15 ** 18 16 18 14 15 12 7 ** 16 ** 14 10 9 8 8 13 11 17 11 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 8 11 15 10 ** 13 ** 10 9 9 10 8 13 12 9 7 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 9 14 12 6 ** 14 ** 11 9 9 7 8 11 17 17 12 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 17 12 14 13 7 ** 16 ** 12 9 8 9 9 12 11 13 9 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.4.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 Table 5A.5 Trust in Government Index 1958-2004 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Average Score on Index 49 ** ** 52 61 45 39 38 29 30 29 27 31 38 47 34 29 29 26 32 34 36 43 37 Source: The National Election Studies The Trust in Government Index is constructed as follows: Variable 604 (Table 5A.1) is recoded: None of the Time=0, Some of the Time=33, Most of the Time=67, Just About Always=100. Variable V605 (Table 5A.2) is recoded: Few Big Interests=0, Benefit of All=100. Variable 606 (Table 5A.3) is recoded: A Lot=0, Some=50, Not Much=100. Variable 608 (Table 5A.4) is recoded: Quite a Lot=0, Not Many=50, Hardly Any=100. These new scores are then totaled (Don't Know is not scored) and the sum is divided by the number of valid responses. The result is then rounded to the nearest integer. "People have (1958,1964: I'd like to talk about some of the) different ideas about the government in Washington. These ideas don't refer to democrats or republicans in particular, but just to government in general. We want to see how you feel about these ideas.. V604: "How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right-- just about always, most of the time or only some of the time?" V605: "Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?" V606: "Do you think that people in the government waste a lot of money we pay in taxes, waste some of it, or don't waste very much of it?" V608: "Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are (1958-1972: a little) crooked, not very many are, or do you think hardly any of them are crooked (1958-1972: at all)?" This represents variables VCF0656 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust in Government Index 1958-2004 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: AVERAGE SCORE ON INDEX '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 51 ** ** 52 60 43 39 38 30 31 30 27 32 37 46 35 29 28 26 32 36 36 43 37 Females 49 ** ** 51 62 47 40 38 29 30 29 27 31 38 47 33 30 29 26 32 33 37 44 38 Whites 49 ** ** 51 60 44 40 39 30 31 29 26 31 38 48 34 28 27 25 31 33 37 44 38 Blacks 50 ** ** 57 69 54 33 28 24 27 32 34 33 35 40 30 28 30 31 36 35 35 40 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 49 ** ** 50 59 41 33 35 26 29 32 27 32 40 44 31 31 34 31 34 38 32 44* 35* High School Diploma 49 ** ** 53 61 46 41 37 28 29 28 26 32 37 47 33 30 29 27 31 34 36 44 37 Some College, no Degree 50 ** ** 50 62 45 42 40 33 31 29 25 28 37 45 34 27 27 24 30 33 35 42 37 College Degree/ Post-grad 52 ** ** 52 64 50 41 41 34 35 32 29 34 39 49 37 29 28 26 34 36 40 44 38 Income 0-16 Percentile 49 ** ** 50 58 46 35 37 30 33 30 31 32 38 44 32 32 33 31 38 37 36 ** 37 Income 17-33 Percentile 49 ** ** 51 58 43 36 35 22 30 30 26 32 37 47 32 29 29 26 30 36 34 ** 35 Income 34-67 Percentile 51 ** ** 53 62 45 38 37 31 30 28 26 30 37 47 33 29 27 26 29 33 35 ** 39 Income 68-95 Percentile 50 ** ** 52 63 47 43 40 30 31 30 26 32 38 49 37 30 28 25 32 33 38 ** 39 Income 96-100 Percentile 50* ** ** 54 63 45 43 45 38 33 32 26 33 42 49 42* 30 28 28 35 34 38 ** 35 Professionals 51 ** ** 51 ** 45 41 41 33 32 30 28 32 38 47 35 29 28 27 33 35 38 ** 35 White Collar 51 ** ** 52 ** 46 42 38 30 31 29 24 31 36 49 34 31 28 24 30 34 36 ** 38 Blue Collar 49 ** ** 52 ** 42 38 34 27 27 29 26 31 37 45 32 27 27 26 31 33 34 ** 37 Unskilled 48* ** ** 60* ** 50* 31* 33* 26* 33 28 31* 30* 33 41 30 33 26 29* 31* 33* 37* ** 29* Farmers 48 ** ** 52 ** 41 29 34 30 33 32* 18* 31* 39 40 31 28 37 27* 31* 43* 43* ** 34* Housewives 49 ** ** 51 ** 48 40 39 29 32 28 26 31 41 48 36 29 31 26 30 31 37 ** 44 Union Households 48 ** ** 54 61 45 40 35 29 28 29 26 32 34 47 33 28 25 26 30 34 36 45 36 Non-Union Households 50 ** ** 51 61 45 39 39 30 31 30 27 31 39 47 34 29 29 26 32 34 36 43 37 South 48 ** ** 50 55 43 36 37 28 30 31 27 32 37 47 33 29 31 29 33 36 34 43 38 Nonsouth 50 ** ** 52 63 46 41 38 30 31 29 26 31 38 47 34 29 27 25 31 34 38 44 37 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42* 30 32* 42 39 43 36 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 34 39 40 46 38 33 30 27 31 34 35 43 37 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 51* 68 49 43 39 32 30 30 25 30 38 45 32 28 28 25 32 32 36 43 38 Born 1927-1942 51 ** ** 54 65 48 41 37 28 30 28 27 30 36 48 36 27 29 25 32 33 37 44 36 Born 1911-1926 50 ** ** 51 61 43 39 37 27 30 29 26 31 35 48 33 25 25 30 33 35 36 46 40 Born 1895-1910 47 ** ** 49 58 42 35 37 28 32 28 28 32 39 45 27 34 32 26* 33* 32* 34* 53* ** Born before 1895 49 ** ** 50 50 45 37 41 31 35* 39* 30* 39* 8* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 48 ** ** 55 66 48 38 34 29 28 31 29 30 34 44 31 28 28 28 33 36 38 41 32 Independents & Apolitical 50 ** ** 46 55 39 37 36 25 29 27 26 28 39 43 30 30 26 23 29 30 33 37 35 Republicans (incl leaners) 52 ** ** 46 55 43 42 43 33 35 28 24 34 41 51 38 31 30 25 30 33 35 48 44 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 29 28 30 30 31 35 43 32 28 28 27 35 35 41 42 31 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 31 30 27 25 32 37 49 33 29 29 26 31 35 43 43 36 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 30 32 28 24 30 39 49 35 28 28 25 30 34 35 46 41 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.5.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1952-2000 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Agree 71 ** 64 ** 59 ** 67 69 71 73 74 72 71 72 70 ** 71 ** 70 66 66 65 63 73 60 Disagree 28 ** 36 ** 41 ** 32 27 29 26 26 26 27 26 28 ** 29 ** 21 24 27 25 28 20 32 Neither - ** - ** - ** - - - - - - - - - ** - ** 8 10 7 9 10 7 7 Don't Know, Depends 1 ** 0 ** 0 ** 1 4 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 ** 0 ** 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1779 1742 1900 1558 1289 1341 1502 2694 2500 2392 2288 1404 2239 1765 1963 2246 1768 1501 1278 1540 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5B.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "'Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me can't really understand what's going on.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions. This question is variable VCF0614 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1952-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 63 ** 56 ** 52 ** 61 61 63 67 67 66 64 66 61 ** 64 ** 61 57 60 59 56 67 54 Females 77 ** 69 ** 64 ** 72 76 77 78 79 77 77 77 77 ** 76 ** 77 73 71 71 68 78 65 Whites 70 ** 62 ** 58 ** 66 69 70 73 73 72 71 71 69 ** 70 ** 70 66 65 67 62 73 60 Blacks 79 ** 79 ** 65 ** 72 75 81 79 81 77 74 78 78 ** 74 ** 73 69 68 60 67 76 66 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 81 ** 81 ** 72 ** 85 84 88 90 88 90 85 85 83 ** 88 ** 85 83 83 92 78 82 83 High School Diploma 68 ** 63 ** 59 ** 69 73 74 74 78 78 78 81 78 ** 79 ** 77 74 75 76 73 81 73 Some College, no Degree 55 ** 37 ** 43 ** 47 47 57 62 62 59 67 61 62 ** 64 ** 66 60 60 55 60 70 56 College Degree/ Post-grad 39 ** 34 ** 37 ** 37 39 46 47 49 45 43 47 48 ** 47 ** 52 44 46 46 42 56 39 Income 0-16 Percentile 86 ** 85 ** 76 ** 81 79 82 88 84 81 85 82 79 ** 81 ** 76 72 72 69 63 75 71 Income 17-33 Percentile 77 ** 70 ** 65 ** 74 74 78 79 77 78 76 80 81 ** 79 ** 79 72 75 76 64 82 65 Income 34-67 Percentile 74 ** 63 ** 59 ** 69 70 72 76 77 74 72 74 69 ** 71 ** 70 69 66 70 68 75 60 Income 68-95 Percentile 61 ** 50 ** 51 ** 56 64 62 63 64 63 66 66 62 ** 62 ** 63 58 59 56 56 68 54 Income 96-100 Percentile 38 ** 44 ** 36 ** 50 44 47 61 47 42 50 57 49 ** 45 ** 44* 48 44 42 40 48 44 Professionals 50 ** 42 ** 41 ** 48 ** 51 54 54 56 52 60 54 ** 55 ** 58 54 52 52 49 62 51 White Collar 65 ** 57 ** 42 ** 58 ** 67 67 71 73 72 73 74 ** 69 ** 73 64 65 62 68 79 64 Blue Collar 69 ** 63 ** 60 ** 74 ** 80 80 80 79 79 78 75 ** 78 ** 75 69 73 75 70 80 65 Unskilled 79 ** 83 ** 70* ** 86* ** 75* 96* 82* 89* 82 76 70* ** 76* ** 69* 68 67* 78 66* 90* 69* Farmers 79 ** 78 ** 69 ** 78 ** 73 90 87 68 69 82* 93* ** 81 ** 75 73 68 65* 57* 100* 65* Housewives 78 ** 70 ** 70 ** 73 ** 79 81 81 77 78 77 79 ** 81 ** 82 83 74 78 70 81 67 Union Households 70 ** 63 ** 59 ** 71 73 80 75 77 76 75 75 67 ** 67 ** 70 68 67 67 68 73 64 Non-Union Households 71 ** 64 ** 58 ** 66 68 68 73 72 71 70 71 71 ** 72 ** 70 65 65 65 62 72 60 South 78 ** 73 ** 63 ** 74 76 72 79 77 74 75 72 72 ** 76 ** 72 71 66 64 64 72 61 Nonsouth 69 ** 61 ** 57 ** 65 67 71 71 72 72 70 72 69 ** 68 ** 69 64 65 66 62 73 60 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69* 49 61 62 63 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 64 72 ** 67 ** 70 62 62 60 59 70 55 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 83* 58 64 73 72 68 71 68 66 ** 66 ** 67 58 60 63 61 69 58 Born 1927-1942 75 ** 63 ** 63 ** 62 66 69 66 70 70 70 71 64 ** 73 ** 65 73 68 72 66 86 65 Born 1911-1926 70 ** 64 ** 57 ** 67 68 71 75 73 75 70 77 77 ** 75 ** 77 78 78 80 71 83 74 Born 1895-1910 67 ** 61 ** 54 ** 70 74 77 78 81 81 76 81 82 ** 83 ** 87 85 80 79* 73* 92* 85* Born before 1895 76 ** 67 ** 65 ** 77 80 76 86 80 74 79 69* 89* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 74 ** 64 ** 63 ** 69 72 74 75 75 74 72 74 75 ** 73 ** 73 67 67 67 66 72 60 Independents & Apoliticals 72 ** 72 ** 67 ** 78 73 79 79 79 75 77 75 71 ** 74 ** 73 71 71 74 68 80 76 Republicans (incl leaners) 65 ** 60 ** 50 ** 60 63 63 69 69 68 68 68 62 ** 67 ** 66 62 62 61 57 71 55 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 61 62 62 61 61 ** 55 ** 66 49 56 52 54 58 50 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 71 73 74 75 70 ** 73 ** 73 70 66 69 63 77 52 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67 66 61 65 63 ** 64 ** 63 59 59 60 58 72 55 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1952-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 37 ** 43 ** 48 ** 38 35 37 33 33 33 35 33 37 ** 36 ** 29 31 33 30 33 25 40 Females 22 ** 30 ** 35 ** 27 20 22 21 21 21 21 22 21 ** 24 ** 15 18 22 21 23 15 27 Whites 30 ** 38 ** 42 ** 32 28 30 27 27 27 28 27 30 ** 30 ** 22 25 28 25 29 20 34 Blacks 17 ** 19 ** 35 ** 26 16 18 21 19 20 22 20 18 ** 26 ** 18 24 24 30 24 16 24 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 17 ** 18 ** 28 ** 13 10 12 9 11 8 12 11 10 ** 9 ** 7 9 12 6 11 17 10 High School Diploma 32 ** 37 ** 41 ** 29 24 25 25 22 20 21 18 20 ** 21 ** 15 16 16 14 16 10 19 Some College, no Degree 45 ** 63 ** 57 ** 53 48 43 37 38 40 32 38 36 ** 36 ** 26 28 33 33 31 24 35 College Degree/ Post-grad 61 ** 66 ** 61 ** 62 56 54 53 51 54 55 52 52 ** 53 ** 38 46 48 47 50 36 56 Income 0-16 Percentile 12 ** 13 ** 22 ** 16 14 18 10 15 12 12 16 17 ** 18 ** 14 17 18 21 23 17 16 Income 17-33 Percentile 22 ** 29 ** 35 ** 25 20 20 21 22 22 22 19 16 ** 21 ** 16 17 18 17 22 14 24 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 ** 37 ** 41 ** 31 26 28 23 23 25 27 26 30 ** 29 ** 21 21 27 21 22 17 34 Income 68-95 Percentile 39 ** 50 ** 48 ** 44 34 38 36 36 36 33 33 37 ** 38 ** 28 32 34 36 37 24 42 Income 96-100 Percentile 62 ** 56 ** 64 ** 46 49 53 39 53 57 48 42 48 ** 54 ** 47* 41 50 48 53 42 53 Professionals 50 ** 58 ** 59 ** 50 ** 48 46 46 43 46 39 45 ** 45 ** 34 38 42 41 42 32 43 White Collar 35 ** 43 ** 57 ** 41 ** 32 32 29 26 27 25 23 ** 31 ** 20 23 27 28 25 14 30 Blue Collar 30 ** 36 ** 40 ** 25 ** 19 20 19 19 21 20 22 ** 22 ** 15 21 19 14 18 11 28 Unskilled 18 ** 17 ** 30* ** 14* ** 25* 4* 18* 11* 16 20 25* ** 22* ** 17* 19 20* 6 16* 10* 21* Farmers 21 ** 21 ** 31 ** 19 ** 27 10 13 30 20 18* 7* ** 15 ** 15 13 21 23* 30* 0* 21* Housewives 21 ** 30 ** 29 ** 26 ** 21 18 18 21 19 21 18 ** 19 ** 11 12 19 14 20 14 21 Union Households 30 ** 37 ** 41 ** 27 24 20 24 23 23 24 24 31 ** 33 ** 22 21 24 21 25 20 32 Non-Union Households 28 ** 36 ** 41 ** 33 28 32 27 27 28 28 27 27 ** 28 ** 21 25 27 26 28 20 32 South 20 ** 27 ** 37 ** 26 18 28 20 22 23 22 26 25 ** 23 ** 18 20 26 28 25 20 32 Nonsouth 31 ** 39 ** 43 ** 34 29 29 28 27 27 28 27 29 ** 31 ** 23 26 28 24 29 19 33 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* 30 24 25 24 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 25 ** 32 ** 19 27 27 27 30 20 37 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 17* 35 35 26 28 31 27 31 33 ** 33 ** 24 32 33 29 32 26 37 Born 1927-1942 26 ** 36 ** 37 ** 37 32 30 33 30 29 28 28 35 ** 27 ** 25 18 26 23 24 9 30 Born 1911-1926 29 ** 36 ** 43 ** 32 29 29 25 27 24 29 20 21 ** 24 ** 17 14 16 12 17 12 19 Born 1895-1910 32 ** 39 ** 46 ** 28 18 23 21 19 16 21 16 13 ** 17 ** 11 5 15 15* 9* 8* 15* Born before 1895 23 ** 32 ** 33 ** 21 17 24 12 16 20 19 27* 11* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 25 ** 35 ** 37 ** 29 24 25 25 24 25 26 25 23 ** 27 ** 19 24 26 24 26 20 31 Independents & Apoliticals 21 ** 26 ** 31 ** 22 21 20 20 20 24 21 22 25 ** 25 ** 14 15 22 13 18 12 17 Republicans (incl leaners) 35 ** 40 ** 50 ** 39 33 37 31 31 31 31 31 36 ** 33 ** 26 28 30 30 33 22 40 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 38 38 38 39 ** 45 ** 27 43 37 40 41 31 43 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 26 25 24 29 ** 27 ** 17 19 26 20 23 18 42 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 34 38 35 36 ** 36 ** 30 33 34 32 34 22 39 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1988-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 10 11 7 10 11 8 6 Females 7 8 7 8 9 6 8 Whites 8 9 7 8 9 6 7 Blacks 8 6 7 10 9 8 8 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 6 5 4 2 9 2 4 High School Diploma 8 10 9 10 11 8 8 Some College, no Degree 8 12 7 11 9 6 8 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 10 6 7 8 8 4 Income 0-16 Percentile 9 9 9 10 14 6 11 Income 17-33 Percentile 4 11 7 7 13 4 11 Income 34-67 Percentile 9 10 8 9 10 9 6 Income 68-95 Percentile 8 10 7 9 6 8 4 Income 96-100 Percentile 9* 11 7 10 7 10 3 Professionals 8 8 6 7 9 6 6 White Collar 7 13 8 10 7 7 6 Blue Collar 9 10 7 10 12 9 7 Unskilled 12* 11 14* 15 18* 0* 10* Farmers 9 13 10 12* 13* 0* 14* Housewives 7 4 6 8 9 4 12 Union Households 8 11 8 12 7 7 4 Non-Union Households 8 9 7 9 10 7 8 South 10 8 8 8 10 7 7 Nonsouth 8 10 7 10 9 7 7 Born 1975 or later ** ** 15* 22 16 12 13 Born 1959-1974 10 11 11 12 10 9 8 Born 1943-1958 9 10 6 8 7 6 5 Born 1927-1942 10 8 6 4 9 5 5 Born 1911-1926 5 7 5 7 12 5 6 Born 1895-1910 2 9 3 7* 18* 0* 0* Born before 1895 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 8 9 7 9 9 8 9 Independents & Apoliticals 13 12 7 11 14 8 7 Republicans (incl leaners) 8 10 7 8 10 7 5 Liberals 7 8 7 7 5 10 7 Moderates 10 12 7 12 15 5 6 Conservatives 6 8 7 8 8 6 5 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1952-2004 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Agree 31 ** 28 ** 27 ** 29 34 41 36 40 40 41 45 39 45 32 ** 41 54 36 56 53 42 41 29 43 Disagree 68 ** 71 ** 72 ** 70 60 58 64 59 57 56 53 59 52 68 ** 50 34 57 34 38 46 50 57 45 Neither - ** - ** - ** - - - - - - - - - - - ** 9 11 6 10 9 12 9 14 12 Don't Know, Depends 1 ** 1 ** 1 ** 1 6 0 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 0 ** 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1769 1752 1922 1564 1290 1337 1504 2693 2519 2394 2291 1403 1402 2234 1765 1963 2247 1767 1712 1276 1541 1317 1061 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5B.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "'People like me don't have any say about what the government does.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions. This question is variable VCF0613 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1952-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 27 ** 24 ** 26 ** 28 32 39 33 38 39 42 42 37 45 30 ** 40 54 35 55 53 41 38 30 40 Females 34 ** 32 ** 28 ** 31 36 43 37 42 41 40 47 41 46 33 ** 43 54 38 58 53 43 42 28 45 Whites 29 ** 26 ** 26 ** 29 33 40 34 39 40 41 44 39 45 30 ** 39 53 36 54 52 41 39 27 42 Blacks 54 ** 53 ** 38 ** 31 44 48 48 47 43 41 55 45 50 40 ** 56 63 42 61 57 50 48 42 45 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 43 ** 47 ** 41 ** 47 47 61 54 58 60 57 61 55 59 53 ** 56 76 56 83 69 58 72 60* 69* High School Diploma 26 ** 24 ** 25 ** 27 35 41 35 43 42 44 48 46 51 37 ** 49 59 43 64 62 50 50 37 50 Some College, no Degree 17 ** 8 ** 11 ** 16 18 28 20 27 29 36 40 27 43 22 ** 34 43 30 50 45 41 36 24 42 College Degree/ Post-grad 8 ** 6 ** 14 ** 14 15 21 14 18 22 20 28 24 28 16 ** 25 41 23 40 40 24 23 16 29 Income 0-16 Percentile 47 ** 49 ** 42 ** 44 45 59 55 52 51 48 58 49 58 46 ** 52 66 46 67 55 47 53 ** 53 Income 17-33 Percentile 39 ** 34 ** 35 ** 35 40 48 46 49 44 51 49 45 51 38 ** 50 58 41 61 58 52 43 ** 45 Income 34-67 Percentile 27 ** 26 ** 25 ** 22 32 38 35 42 39 40 46 38 47 30 ** 42 52 35 54 56 45 41 ** 44 Income 68-95 Percentile 23 ** 14 ** 22 ** 24 29 29 25 28 32 37 34 30 36 21 ** 32 47 30 50 46 35 34 ** 31 Income 96-100 Percentile 17 ** 11 ** 5 ** 17 17 32 15 19 25 23 34 33 33 15 ** 27* 38 22 33 38 18 18 ** 36 Professionals 19 ** 12 ** 13 ** 20 ** 28 21 24 31 28 35 29 34 18 ** 31 41 28 44 44 33 28 ** 34 White Collar 22 ** 22 ** 19 ** 21 ** 38 28 34 36 37 44 37 44 31 ** 40 50 33 53 51 47 42 ** 45 Blue Collar 28 ** 29 ** 29 ** 31 ** 46 41 47 44 48 49 46 54 37 ** 50 62 44 66 60 50 52 ** 51 Unskilled 45 ** 49 ** 32* ** 46* ** 55* 42* 56* 65* 58 56 45* 54* 47 ** 50* 60 44* 67 80* 64* 49* ** 48* Farmers 40 ** 39 ** 47 ** 41 ** 51 49 49 53 46 52* 48* 45* 45 ** 53 56 45 58* 51* 57* 52* ** 41* Housewives 35 ** 31 ** 32 ** 32 ** 42 42 46 43 43 50 42 49 36 ** 43 57 39 61 57 43 44 ** 45 Union Households 29 ** 27 ** 30 ** 30 36 39 35 41 38 39 43 37 46 31 ** 40 54 37 57 57 40 40 32 42 Non-Union Households 32 ** 28 ** 26 ** 29 33 42 35 40 41 41 45 40 45 32 ** 42 54 36 56 52 42 41 28 43 South 39 ** 36 ** 33 ** 34 36 45 45 46 49 45 48 38 48 34 ** 46 59 38 59 53 43 44 30 42 Nonsouth 29 ** 26 ** 25 ** 28 33 40 32 38 37 40 44 40 44 31 ** 39 52 36 55 53 42 39 28 43 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 54 42 42 40 25 43 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 37 45 31 ** 39 48 35 52 53 43 37 28 41 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 23 31 37 40 35 42 45 39 46 26 ** 40 50 34 54 53 40 42 29 40 Born 1927-1942 28 ** 26 ** 22 ** 22 29 34 30 35 33 37 41 35 41 32 ** 41 59 37 60 52 45 43 33 51 Born 1911-1926 28 ** 25 ** 24 ** 31 32 41 33 39 43 40 45 42 49 33 ** 43 64 42 69 62 42 42 39 47 Born 1895-1910 28 ** 27 ** 30 ** 34 42 53 40 48 54 47 54 44 45 52 ** 54 73 47 70* 46* 40* 67* 57* ** Born before 1895 41 ** 39 ** 38 ** 39 48 55 51 49 49 42 46* 67* 50* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 31 ** 31 ** 31 ** 28 34 43 36 43 40 42 44 40 48 34 ** 48 56 37 60 54 41 42 31 46 Independents & Apoliticals 47 ** 36 ** 39 ** 40 38 52 44 49 43 47 51 44 52 42 ** 49 65 43 62 67 52 47 39 56 Republicans (incl leaners) 26 ** 22 ** 18 ** 29 34 35 31 32 39 36 43 35 39 26 ** 32 47 33 50 49 40 36 24 37 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 35 36 40 35 40 26 ** 44 44 30 47 45 36 28 25 45 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 34 38 44 38 46 29 ** 40 53 38 58 54 41 33 30 44 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 36 36 39 31 38 23 ** 32 48 32 51 48 40 37 23 32 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1952-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 72 ** 76 ** 73 ** 72 63 61 67 62 60 56 56 61 53 70 ** 53 34 58 36 39 48 53 59 46 Females 64 ** 67 ** 72 ** 68 58 57 61 57 55 56 51 58 51 67 ** 47 34 56 32 37 44 47 56 44 Whites 70 ** 74 ** 73 ** 70 62 59 65 60 58 57 54 60 53 70 ** 53 35 58 36 40 47 51 58 47 Blacks 42 ** 44 ** 60 ** 66 49 52 51 53 53 52 41 53 46 58 ** 35 30 49 30 33 43 40 53 39 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 54 ** 51 ** 57 ** 50 41 38 45 40 34 35 33 39 32 45 ** 30 12 34 9 23 30 15 33* 10* High School Diploma 74 ** 75 ** 75 ** 72 60 58 64 56 57 53 50 53 46 62 ** 41 27 49 26 26 36 36 48 35 Some College, no Degree 83 ** 92 ** 89 ** 84 81 72 79 73 69 63 59 72 57 78 ** 57 46 64 39 47 48 55 62 49 College Degree/ Post-grad 92 ** 94 ** 86 ** 84 82 78 86 81 75 78 70 76 72 84 ** 69 50 74 53 54 66 72 72 62 Income 0-16 Percentile 49 ** 48 ** 57 ** 53 45 40 44 46 43 45 38 49 39 53 ** 33 22 45 22 35 40 30 ** 32 Income 17-33 Percentile 60 ** 65 ** 65 ** 64 52 51 53 50 53 46 47 53 47 62 ** 43 31 53 29 29 40 44 ** 42 Income 34-67 Percentile 72 ** 73 ** 75 ** 77 64 62 65 58 59 59 53 61 51 70 ** 49 36 58 36 35 41 52 ** 45 Income 68-95 Percentile 77 ** 86 ** 78 ** 76 66 71 74 71 67 62 65 69 64 79 ** 63 40 65 39 46 53 59 ** 61 Income 96-100 Percentile 83 ** 89 ** 95 ** 81 83 68 85 81 75 77 66 67 67 85 ** 71* 54 77 60 59 74 73 ** 57 Professionals 81 ** 88 ** 87 ** 79 ** 72 78 76 67 71 63 70 65 82 ** 63 49 68 46 50 56 65 ** 58 White Collar 78 ** 77 ** 81 ** 79 ** 62 72 65 63 62 54 62 55 69 ** 53 36 62 39 38 41 51 ** 47 Blue Collar 71 ** 70 ** 69 ** 68 ** 53 59 52 54 50 48 53 43 62 ** 40 26 48 25 28 37 37 ** 32 Unskilled 51 ** 51 ** 65* ** 51* ** 45* 58* 44* 35* 39 42 50* 38* 53 ** 38* 28 52* 9 18* 26* 46* ** 28* Farmers 59 ** 59 ** 53 ** 55 ** 49 49 51 45 45 45* 44* 50* 53 ** 38 25 43 35* 42* 37* 48* ** 35* Housewives 64 ** 68 ** 67 ** 66 ** 57 57 53 52 53 49 55 47 62 ** 44 30 53 32 34 45 42 ** 47 Union Households 70 ** 73 ** 69 ** 69 58 61 63 58 59 59 55 62 52 69 ** 49 34 59 32 35 47 48 56 49 Non-Union Households 67 ** 70 ** 74 ** 70 61 58 64 59 57 56 52 58 52 68 ** 50 34 57 34 38 46 50 58 44 South 58 ** 63 ** 67 ** 65 56 55 55 53 47 50 49 60 49 65 ** 45 31 54 31 38 46 48 60 45 Nonsouth 70 ** 74 ** 74 ** 71 61 60 67 61 61 58 54 59 53 69 ** 52 36 59 35 38 45 50 56 45 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 27 48 47 40 57 44 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 60 53 69 ** 49 37 57 32 35 42 55 57 46 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 77* 70 69 63 60 63 56 53 60 52 73 ** 51 39 61 40 42 50 50 59 52 Born 1927-1942 71 ** 74 ** 77 ** 78 67 66 70 64 65 60 58 64 57 67 ** 53 31 57 35 39 45 50 56 37 Born 1911-1926 70 ** 74 ** 76 ** 68 62 59 66 60 55 57 52 56 49 67 ** 46 25 53 22 28 43 43 55 35 Born 1895-1910 71 ** 72 ** 69 ** 64 51 46 59 51 43 48 43 52 45 46 ** 36 20 43 23* 34* 45* 33* 43* ** Born before 1895 58 ** 59 ** 61 ** 58 44 42 47 49 42 55 50* 33* 50* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 68 ** 69 ** 68 ** 71 62 57 63 56 57 55 54 58 49 66 ** 44 33 57 31 37 47 46 55 40 Independents & Apoliticals 44 ** 60 ** 61 ** 57 52 48 55 50 54 50 45 53 41 56 ** 37 21 46 20 20 34 39 36 28 Republicans (incl leaners) 74 ** 77 ** 81 ** 70 60 65 68 68 60 61 56 64 60 74 ** 60 41 62 40 43 48 58 64 55 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 68 63 63 59 65 59 74 ** 52 49 65 44 46 50 61 59 45 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 61 65 61 55 62 53 71 ** 51 32 57 31 33 45 57 58 42 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 63 63 60 68 61 77 ** 60 42 63 41 46 51 56 65 60 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1988-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 8 12 7 9 9 11 9 11 13 Females 9 11 5 10 9 13 10 16 10 Whites 8 11 5 9 8 12 9 14 11 Blacks 8 7 8 8 9 7 10 5 16 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 9 8 5 5 11 10 7* 21* High School Diploma 9 13 8 10 12 14 12 15 15 Some College, no Degree 9 12 5 11 8 11 9 14 8 College Degree/ Post-grad 5 8 3 7 7 10 5 12 10 Income 0-16 Percentile 14 10 8 9 9 11 15 ** 15 Income 17-33 Percentile 6 11 7 10 13 8 13 ** 13 Income 34-67 Percentile 9 12 6 9 9 14 7 ** 11 Income 68-95 Percentile 5 13 5 11 8 12 7 ** 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 2* 8 1 7 4 8 9 ** 8 Professionals 6 10 4 9 7 10 7 ** 8 White Collar 8 13 5 8 10 13 7 ** 8 Blue Collar 10 11 7 9 11 12 11 ** 18 Unskilled 10* 12 4* 23 2* 10* 6* ** 21* Farmers 9 18 11 6* 7* 6* 0* ** 24* Housewives 12 12 6 8 9 12 14 ** 8 Union Households 10 12 4 11 8 14 11 12 9 Non-Union Households 8 11 6 9 9 12 9 14 13 South 9 10 7 9 9 10 8 10 13 Nonsouth 8 12 6 10 9 13 11 15 11 Born 1975 or later ** ** 0* 19 10 12 19 18 13 Born 1959-1974 11 14 8 15 12 15 8 15 13 Born 1943-1958 9 11 5 6 6 10 7 12 8 Born 1927-1942 5 9 5 5 9 9 6 11 12 Born 1911-1926 9 11 4 8 10 15 15 6 19 Born 1895-1910 9 7 7 7* 20* 15* 0* 0* ** Born before 1895 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 8 11 6 9 9 12 11 14 14 Independents & Apoliticals 13 11 10 15 13 14 13 22 15 Republicans (incl leaners) 8 12 5 9 9 11 6 12 8 Liberals 4 6 5 9 8 13 11 15 10 Moderates 9 15 5 10 13 14 10 13 15 Conservatives 8 10 5 8 7 9 6 11 7 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1952-2004 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Agree 35 ** 26 ** 25 ** 36 34 43 47 49 50 51 51 52 47 42 52 51 63 52 66 61 62 56 31 50 Disagree 63 ** 71 ** 73 ** 62 57 55 50 49 46 44 45 43 50 57 43 37 23 37 22 24 25 33 46 34 Neither - ** - ** - ** - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 13 10 11 15 13 10 23 15 Don't Know, Depends 2 ** 2 ** 2 ** 2 9 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1765 1740 1892 1557 1289 1337 1502 2689 2505 2387 2281 1397 1402 2229 1082 1763 1963 2247 1768 1501 1278 1541 1316 1061 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5B.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1952-1988,1992: "'I don't think public officials care much what people like me think.'" 1990,1994-later: "'Public officials don't care much what people like me think.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions. This question is variable VCF0609 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1952-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 33 ** 27 ** 23 ** 37 32 42 49 48 53 51 50 53 48 42 53 52 62 53 66 66 60 57 36 48 Females 37 ** 26 ** 26 ** 36 36 44 46 50 48 52 51 52 46 43 52 50 65 52 66 57 63 56 28 52 Whites 33 ** 24 ** 23 ** 35 33 42 45 47 48 50 50 51 46 41 48 48 62 52 65 60 61 56 29 48 Blacks 55 ** 47 ** 35 ** 48 47 53 69 69 68 64 58 57 56 50 66 59 71 56 67 66 67 61 49 60 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 49 ** 47 ** 39 ** 56 53 68 73 70 74 72 72 70 64 63 64 68 77 66 80 76 82 75 68* 74* High School Diploma 29 ** 20 ** 21 ** 34 34 42 45 51 53 54 54 56 51 47 60 57 68 59 74 68 67 63 36 58 Some College, no Degree 17 ** 12 ** 11 ** 23 15 28 32 33 33 45 44 44 46 33 49 46 64 48 59 56 62 55 29 48 College Degree/ Post-grad 11 ** 7 ** 15 ** 17 10 20 21 30 25 28 30 39 28 30 31 34 45 39 51 50 46 43 20 36 Income 0-16 Percentile 54 ** 46 ** 40 ** 60 49 63 69 65 60 68 62 65 61 56 63 65 69 62 72 58 60 60 ** 60 Income 17-33 Percentile 41 ** 34 ** 33 ** 38 50 53 61 57 62 63 58 57 52 51 56 57 66 57 70 69 67 61 ** 54 Income 34-67 Percentile 30 ** 24 ** 20 ** 33 29 39 50 48 46 50 50 50 48 39 51 52 64 50 65 64 67 62 ** 47 Income 68-95 Percentile 27 ** 17 ** 21 ** 25 27 29 33 39 42 42 44 44 38 33 44 38 59 47 62 59 57 50 ** 46 Income 96-100 Percentile 14 ** 5 ** 3 ** 17 21 27 20 25 27 30 32 43 32 25 33* 29* 46 40 43 44 45 33 ** 38 Professionals 19 ** 13 ** 16 ** 24 ** 29 29 34 36 40 40 42 35 32 39 41 53 44 58 55 52 49 ** 44 White Collar 26 ** 15 ** 15 ** 31 ** 34 36 42 40 46 47 50 46 41 48 46 64 48 62 58 66 55 ** 49 Blue Collar 36 ** 30 ** 27 ** 43 ** 53 56 58 60 62 58 60 54 49 66 60 70 61 75 69 71 70 ** 58 Unskilled 49 ** 44 ** 33* ** 40* ** 45* 63* 65* 81* 54 61 60* 54* 56* 50* 57* 63 61* 72 88* 84* 60* ** 61* Farmers 48 ** 43 ** 33 ** 61 ** 58 78 61 53 57 61* 52* 57* 55 63* 58 59 55 69* 70* 34* 49* ** 40* Housewives 37 ** 27 ** 29 ** 34 ** 42 52 53 52 50 54 52 52 41 51 52 67 54 66 59 64 51 ** 48 Union Households 32 ** 27 ** 24 ** 36 36 46 47 53 54 53 53 53 51 40 54 48 64 57 70 72 63 54 34 51 Non-Union Households 36 ** 26 ** 24 ** 36 34 42 47 48 48 51 50 52 46 43 52 51 64 51 65 59 61 57 31 50 South 46 ** 35 ** 36 ** 46 46 49 55 57 58 61 51 52 49 46 55 59 70 53 64 60 60 61 35 49 Nonsouth 32 ** 24 ** 21 ** 33 31 41 44 46 47 48 50 52 46 41 51 47 61 52 67 62 62 54 30 50 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 56 52 53 58 39 55 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46 48 42 38 49 49 55 51 63 58 61 57 28 45 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 35* 22 36 43 44 43 50 46 52 46 37 54 49 62 48 64 59 61 53 30 47 Born 1927-1942 30 ** 22 ** 24 ** 32 28 36 39 46 50 45 49 49 46 46 54 48 70 57 66 65 68 61 33 57 Born 1911-1926 32 ** 23 ** 20 ** 32 33 40 46 50 49 52 56 52 50 45 49 57 74 56 82 76 64 56 35 54 Born 1895-1910 31 ** 28 ** 23 ** 43 43 57 58 59 60 64 63 60 50 61 57 64 76 62 81* 45* 92* 66* 57* ** Born before 1895 49 ** 39 ** 38 ** 52 51 57 67 57 67 57 52* 67* 83* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 36 ** 29 ** 25 ** 37 36 45 48 54 50 55 51 54 50 45 58 56 66 52 66 61 61 56 36 55 Independents & Apoliticals 45 ** 36 ** 41 ** 46 35 50 53 56 60 58 56 57 50 49 61 55 68 59 75 65 72 66 42 59 Republicans (incl leaners) 32 ** 19 ** 18 ** 32 32 37 42 39 44 43 47 48 41 38 41 44 59 50 63 61 59 53 23 43 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 43 48 46 45 41 37 50 48 54 48 57 50 51 54 31 53 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 46 47 48 55 45 37 48 52 65 51 67 63 64 51 28 51 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 44 44 46 48 41 36 49 44 62 51 63 61 62 48 27 43 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1952-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 65 ** 72 ** 76 ** 62 60 57 49 50 45 47 45 44 48 57 43 37 25 37 22 22 27 35 44 35 Females 61 ** 71 ** 71 ** 62 54 54 50 48 46 43 45 43 51 57 43 38 21 38 23 25 24 31 47 34 Whites 65 ** 74 ** 74 ** 63 59 57 52 51 48 46 46 45 51 59 48 40 25 39 23 26 26 34 48 38 Blacks 39 ** 47 ** 62 ** 50 39 47 29 30 26 30 39 36 42 49 27 29 17 34 23 19 22 26 33 23 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 47 ** 48 ** 58 ** 41 34 29 25 26 21 21 21 18 26 34 26 19 9 24 15 13 11 10 24* 18* High School Diploma 69 ** 78 ** 78 ** 64 58 56 52 48 42 41 41 40 45 52 35 31 19 31 15 16 20 25 40 25 Some College, no Degree 83 ** 88 ** 88 ** 76 78 71 66 65 63 53 52 52 52 67 47 41 21 40 25 28 24 33 46 36 College Degree/ Post-grad 89 ** 92 ** 82 ** 81 85 79 75 69 71 69 66 59 71 70 67 57 44 52 38 37 41 49 59 49 Income 0-16 Percentile 42 ** 47 ** 56 ** 38 38 35 29 33 31 28 35 30 36 43 29 23 17 28 16 23 27 26 ** 24 Income 17-33 Percentile 57 ** 65 ** 65 ** 60 40 45 37 39 35 33 37 39 46 48 36 33 20 35 15 15 21 26 ** 30 Income 34-67 Percentile 68 ** 74 ** 79 ** 66 61 60 47 50 51 45 46 47 49 60 45 36 21 37 25 20 20 29 ** 35 Income 68-95 Percentile 72 ** 83 ** 78 ** 73 66 69 64 60 54 55 54 53 60 67 55 50 31 43 25 29 28 43 ** 43 Income 96-100 Percentile 86 ** 94 ** 97 ** 79 76 73 80 74 72 68 63 53 65 75 64* 60* 41 55 50 48 45 54 ** 49 Professionals 80 ** 87 ** 84 ** 74 ** 70 68 65 60 57 56 55 63 68 57 49 36 46 30 32 36 40 ** 46 White Collar 73 ** 82 ** 82 ** 68 ** 64 60 57 56 51 50 46 52 59 46 40 21 42 26 23 22 35 ** 35 Blue Collar 63 ** 68 ** 70 ** 55 ** 46 42 39 37 34 37 36 41 50 28 28 17 30 13 19 16 21 ** 23 Unskilled 43 ** 53 ** 67* ** 57* ** 55* 38* 33* 19* 41 36 35* 38* 44* 42* 31* 23 33* 20 6* 4* 33* ** 29* Farmers 52 ** 55 ** 67 ** 35 ** 42 19 37 45 37 34* 44* 30* 43 38* 31 20 26 18* 13* 24* 43* ** 52* Housewives 61 ** 70 ** 69 ** 63 ** 54 45 45 42 43 41 41 45 58 45 37 20 36 22 20 24 35 ** 37 Union Households 66 ** 71 ** 74 ** 63 54 53 49 45 42 42 44 44 47 59 43 37 24 33 18 19 27 36 48 34 Non-Union Households 62 ** 72 ** 73 ** 61 58 56 50 51 47 45 45 43 50 56 43 38 23 38 23 25 25 32 45 35 South 50 ** 62 ** 62 ** 52 44 50 42 41 38 35 43 43 47 52 39 32 18 36 24 23 27 29 44 34 Nonsouth 67 ** 74 ** 77 ** 65 60 57 53 52 49 47 46 44 51 59 45 40 26 38 21 24 24 34 46 34 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 24 29 33 24 34 28 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 49 42 55 61 49 36 27 36 21 23 21 32 47 36 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 65* 73 64 55 54 53 45 51 45 52 63 43 39 26 40 26 28 29 38 49 41 Born 1927-1942 66 ** 76 ** 74 ** 67 63 62 57 53 47 51 47 48 50 54 42 44 21 38 23 23 20 33 47 31 Born 1911-1926 66 ** 75 ** 78 ** 66 60 58 51 48 46 45 39 43 47 54 41 31 15 36 13 13 28 29 49 26 Born 1895-1910 67 ** 69 ** 75 ** 54 47 40 39 38 33 31 29 31 41 38 28 29 13 28 13* 40* 0* 34* 43* ** Born before 1895 49 ** 58 ** 57 ** 45 33 42 28 38 27 36 40* 11* 17* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 63 ** 69 ** 72 ** 61 56 53 49 44 47 41 46 42 46 55 37 32 22 38 23 24 26 31 41 29 Independents & Apoliticals 45 ** 59 ** 58 ** 53 54 46 42 39 34 36 36 33 43 49 34 30 14 30 12 14 11 25 31 23 Republicans (incl leaners) 67 ** 79 ** 81 ** 66 58 61 54 60 51 54 48 49 57 62 55 46 27 39 24 27 28 37 55 43 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 54 49 50 53 57 63 47 41 38 43 31 34 35 34 42 37 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 49 50 48 42 54 63 46 36 18 38 20 19 22 36 47 31 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60 54 53 50 50 58 64 49 46 30 39 25 28 28 41 53 44 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1988-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 11 12 10 12 11 13 8 20 17 Females 12 13 10 11 17 13 13 25 14 Whites 12 12 9 12 14 12 10 23 14 Blacks 11 11 9 10 15 11 12 19 16 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 10 9 3 9 7 11 8* 8* High School Diploma 12 13 10 11 16 13 11 24 17 Some College, no Degree 13 15 12 17 15 14 12 25 15 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 11 9 10 13 13 8 21 14 Income 0-16 Percentile 11 12 9 10 18 11 13 ** 15 Income 17-33 Percentile 10 13 8 15 15 12 12 ** 16 Income 34-67 Percentile 12 15 12 11 17 13 9 ** 18 Income 68-95 Percentile 12 11 10 13 12 15 8 ** 10 Income 96-100 Percentile 11* 14 5 7 8 10 12 ** 12 Professionals 10 11 10 11 13 13 11 ** 10 White Collar 14 15 10 12 19 12 10 ** 16 Blue Collar 11 12 9 11 12 13 9 ** 19 Unskilled 10* 12 6* 8 6* 12* 7* ** 11* Farmers 11 20 17 13* 17* 43* 8* ** 8* Housewives 11 11 8 11 21 11 14 ** 15 Union Households 15 12 10 12 9 10 8 18 15 Non-Union Households 11 13 10 11 16 14 11 24 15 South 8 11 10 12 16 13 9 20 15 Nonsouth 13 13 10 11 14 13 11 24 15 Born 1975 or later ** ** 31* 20 20 13 16 26 16 Born 1959-1974 15 17 13 15 19 18 11 25 20 Born 1943-1958 13 12 11 10 13 10 9 21 12 Born 1927-1942 8 9 4 10 12 12 6 20 11 Born 1911-1926 11 10 6 6 10 8 14 16 17 Born 1895-1910 5 9 8 3* 15* 8* 0* 0* ** Born before 1895 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 11 11 9 10 15 12 12 23 16 Independents & Apoliticals 15 14 10 11 22 16 8 25 16 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 14 10 13 12 13 9 22 14 Liberals 10 8 9 12 16 13 12 27 11 Moderates 12 18 11 13 18 15 12 25 18 Conservatives 10 8 10 11 10 10 11 20 13 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3