THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Party Identification 3-Point Scale (revised in 2008) 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Independent' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 6 8 10 8 10 9 8 12 11 13 16 18 17 18 17 15 13 14 12 10 13 12 10 11 14 7 10 13 Females 4 7 9 7 10 7 8 12 11 13 14 18 15 15 14 12 12 13 12 13 12 11 10 12 13 7 10 10 Whites 5 8 9 8 9 8 8 12 11 13 15 18 16 17 15 13 11 14 12 12 12 12 10 12 14 8 9 11 Blacks 3 6 8 5 18 8 6 15 3 10 14 14 10 11 11 6 13 9 8 10 16 8 10 9 11 6 11 9 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 6 8 8 8 10 5 8 14 9 15 16 17 15 15 17 11 23 12 18 19 14 18 15 11 11 14 24 11 High School Diploma 5 7 11 8 11 10 8 14 12 14 16 19 18 20 19 15 14 18 15 14 15 15 13 16 17 9 13 15 Some College, no Degree 3 7 6 4 11 6 9 11 11 11 14 21 15 14 10 12 9 11 9 10 13 7 7 10 11 5 9 13 College Degree/ Post-grad 3 6 6 7 8 10 6 6 8 6 9 11 11 9 8 11 9 7 6 4 8 8 6 7 8 5 4 5 Income 0-16 Percentile 3 8 8 10 7 4 9 13 9 15 13 20 15 18 15 17 18 16 15 16 18 15 11 18 16 ** 17 17 Income 17-33 Percentile 6 11 9 9 11 5 9 17 14 14 17 20 12 17 12 10 13 13 11 14 14 10 9 10 14 ** 10 11 Income 34-67 Percentile 5 7 10 6 11 10 8 10 11 13 17 18 16 17 18 12 12 13 12 12 13 11 13 14 14 ** 8 12 Income 68-95 Percentile 5 7 10 7 11 8 6 12 11 11 11 16 18 14 11 12 9 12 9 8 9 9 7 10 10 ** 7 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 8 5 4 5 8 11 8 11 6 9 13 5 9 8 14 6 9 8 4* 1 10 8 4 7 10 ** 4 5 Professionals 6 ** 8 9 11 ** 8 ** 12 10 11 13 14 12 11 12 9 10 9 8 9 9 8 9 10 ** 5 ** White Collar 6 ** 13 5 8 ** 6 ** 11 15 14 18 14 15 13 14 11 15 10 9 12 8 8 14 13 ** 10 ** Blue Collar 5 ** 10 7 12 ** 9 ** 10 14 17 18 18 20 18 15 15 15 15 14 15 13 12 14 15 ** 13 ** Unskilled 5 ** 5 4 8* ** 6* ** 4* 0* 18* 16* 18 29 23* 11* 14 11 19 14 18 23 21* 8* 25* ** 25* ** Farmers 5 ** 5 6 13 ** 6 ** 12 6 13 4 15 12* 16* 14* 23 16 12 17 12 16* 12* 20* 8* ** 12* ** Housewives 4 ** 10 9 8 ** 8 ** 10 13 16 22 16 14 17 10 12 15 13 14 11 15 14 13 11 ** 8 ** Union Households 4 6 10 6 11 ** 6 11 10 14 17 20 17 16 18 14 12 13 12 7 10 7 7 12 11 6 10 8 Non-Union Households 5 8 9 8 10 ** 8 13 11 13 14 17 16 16 14 13 13 14 12 13 13 12 11 12 14 8 10 12 South 1 ** 6 7 12 8 8 13 11 15 17 21 16 17 16 11 17 13 12 17 16 10 10 12 16 7 9 13 Nonsouth 6 ** 10 8 9 8 8 12 10 12 14 17 16 16 15 14 11 14 12 10 11 12 10 12 12 7 10 10 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 20 8 16 22 4 9 12 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 24 21 17 21 16 17 17 13 12 14 14 10 10 10 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 16 18 19 20 25 20 20 20 16 15 15 14 11 12 11 10 10 12 7 10 8 Born 1927-1942 6 10 10 10 12 9 9 13 10 13 16 17 17 13 11 11 8 11 8 11 11 8 7 9 10 4 10 7 Born 1911-1926 4 7 9 7 10 11 9 11 11 12 10 15 11 12 10 8 10 7 9 7 8 10 6 11 5 5 12 ** Born 1895-1910 5 8 10 8 9 5 7 13 10 11 12 11 11 12 10 9 11 9 12 5 9 19* 3* 7* 19* 60* ** ** Born before 1895 5 7 7 5 9 5 4 10 3 9 8 9 6 12* 17* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 15 10 13 9 8 7 7 8 5 9 5 5 5 8 5 2 5 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 17 19 17 14 11 14 15 14 10 15 12 12 15 14 7 11 20 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 11 15 9 11 10 9 7 10 7 7 8 8 5 5 8 3 5 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10