THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Liberal (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 20 22 21 21 18 14 20 19 19 19 20 13 15 20 16 22 21 Females 17 20 13 18 15 15 16 17 14 15 20 16 21 17 22 22 24 Whites 17 19 15 19 16 14 18 17 15 17 21 15 19 18 20 22 24 Blacks 31 34 29 22 19 16 17 23 19 18 23 16 18 17 14 26 13 Grade School 11 11 10 11 8 8 10 15 12 6 13 3 10 9 21* 12 11* High School 13 17 12 15 11 8 13 13 14 10 14 9 10 12 11 18 14 Some College, no Degree 29 29 23 30 24 16 21 18 18 20 23 18 21 21 26 23 23 College Degree/ Post-grad 37 35 28 29 28 33 31 30 23 35 33 26 33 29 26 30 37 Income 0-16 Percentile 18 17 14 17 14 12 15 17 18 10 17 12 22 21 13 ** 22 Income 17-33 Percentile 20 26 17 21 14 14 15 15 16 15 17 19 13 13 21 ** 18 Income 34-67 Percentile 17 21 15 18 18 17 20 17 16 16 22 15 19 18 20 ** 20 Income 68-95 Percentile 21 22 19 23 19 16 21 22 18 23 24 14 18 17 25 ** 28 Income 96-100 Percentile 22 14 16 21 16 15 21 22 15* 22 25 26 32 32 15* ** 29 Professionals 27 27 21 29 24 22 28 26 23 28 28 22 28 24 25 ** 32 White Collar 20 25 19 24 16 15 17 17 16 18 19 17 19 16 23 ** 18 Blue Collar 17 18 17 15 13 9 15 13 14 12 18 10 10 14 14 ** 19 Unskilled 23* 22* 14 20 15* 18* 15* 13 11 11 15 2 20* 10* 0* ** 29* Farmers 7 21 11 2* 9* 9* 7 21 14 4 8 7* 8* 4* 0* ** 6* Housewives 11 13 5 11 10 10 10 15 10 11 12 10 10 10 13 ** 14 Union Households 18 23 20 21 18 16 22 16 18 17 21 15 25 18 23 24 28 Non-Union Households 19 20 15 19 16 14 17 18 16 17 20 14 17 18 19 22 21 South 15 14 12 15 13 11 14 14 12 11 16 12 14 16 17 18 12 Nonsouth 20 23 18 21 18 16 20 19 18 19 22 16 20 20 21 24 27 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 9 20 23 28 28 33 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 24 21 13 22 21 21 17 23 18 21 18 18 20 18 Born 1943-1958 30 33 24 27 19 21 22 20 18 23 25 18 21 19 21 24 24 Born 1927-1942 17 15 14 15 18 13 14 17 14 11 14 9 14 14 15 17 17 Born 1911-1926 12 14 11 14 11 10 15 11 12 12 13 9 8 15 15 21 13 Born 1895-1910 12 16 10 12 10 4 8 13 11 9 14 0* 9* 0* 0* 0* ** Born before 1895 11 14 9 4* 33* 0* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 26 29 24 27 24 21 27 26 26 25 31 26 29 29 31 36 40 Independents & Apoliticals 14 18 10 15 9 9 10 9 10 6 15 6 9 8 10 15 10 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 9 8 9 7 5 9 9 8 9 8 4 5 7 7 7 5 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 3.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05