THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Moderate' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 28 26 23 26 18 24 23 24 21 23 23 24 23 28 25 25 25 Females 26 27 27 28 21 21 24 31 23 26 23 28 25 29 22 20 27 Whites 28 28 26 27 20 23 24 29 23 25 23 25 24 30 24 24 25 Blacks 18 14 18 20 15 18 21 23 20 22 22 29 21 25 19 15 29 Grade School 23 19 13 19 13 12 13 18 15 18 11 18 23 19 18* 14 12* High School 30 30 27 29 21 23 25 29 22 27 25 28 27 31 19 23 30 Some College, no Degree 28 27 34 29 20 29 26 30 25 24 26 29 22 32 26 23 26 College Degree/ Post-grad 18 24 23 23 19 18 20 27 22 20 20 18 20 22 26 20 20 Income 0-16 Percentile 21 25 14 21 17 16 18 24 15 20 24 28 20 23 22 ** 19 Income 17-33 Percentile 26 25 19 24 20 21 25 28 24 23 20 30 26 28 20 ** 35 Income 34-67 Percentile 27 28 29 29 22 26 24 32 24 26 25 25 28 32 18 ** 30 Income 68-95 Percentile 32 26 33 31 18 27 25 27 24 27 24 25 23 32 31 ** 22 Income 96-100 Percentile 28 18 25 24 21 15 23 24 19* 22 23 16 23 15 29* ** 19 Professionals 23 31 26 25 20 24 23 27 23 25 24 23 20 28 26 ** 21 White Collar 33 26 32 30 24 28 25 32 23 27 26 27 26 29 21 ** 32 Blue Collar 28 24 24 27 18 22 22 27 21 24 21 27 26 31 24 ** 26 Unskilled 17* 22* 25 24 17* 15* 27* 27 19 28 26 18 22* 27* 22* ** 32* Farmers 23 31 13 23* 19* 12* 18 19 19 24 23 11* 18* 0* 13* ** 35* Housewives 26 27 25 28 19 18 24 28 23 21 25 31 29 31 12 ** 20 Union Households 30 28 32 30 19 24 25 31 27 29 23 35 27 39 24 29 26 Non-Union Households 26 26 23 26 20 22 23 27 21 24 23 24 23 27 23 21 26 South 23 24 18 25 20 18 20 27 19 20 20 23 21 25 23 21 26 Nonsouth 28 27 28 27 19 24 25 28 23 26 24 28 26 30 23 23 25 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 26 29 24 23 19 23 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 24 19 26 22 28 21 25 24 24 24 30 23 22 30 Born 1943-1958 27 26 30 27 19 22 24 30 21 22 20 25 24 28 23 21 23 Born 1927-1942 29 23 26 28 18 23 24 22 25 26 24 28 18 29 21 27 26 Born 1911-1926 27 32 24 25 23 22 25 31 21 26 28 30 29 31 23 24 27 Born 1895-1910 24 26 17 28 19 19 18 21 21 30 21 27* 33* 22* 55* 10* ** Born before 1895 20 17 5 29* 0* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 28 27 25 29 22 25 25 29 23 25 23 30 27 31 24 25 28 Independents & Apoliticals 25 27 31 27 19 19 27 30 26 20 27 27 29 37 23 22 32 Republicans (incl leaners) 26 26 23 23 17 19 20 25 19 25 22 21 19 23 22 19 22 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 3.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05