THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Conservative (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 29 32 31 32 33 33 34 35 37 31 36 43 41 34 37 37 36 35 Females 24 22 22 23 24 22 24 25 28 22 25 29 25 27 25 32 27 30 Whites 29 27 28 30 30 29 31 33 36 28 33 40 36 33 33 37 36 36 Blacks 8 14 6 7 15 16 14 17 19 15 14 15 18 20 13 20 16 16 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 16 16 16 14 15 10 13 13 16 11 20 26 19 21 13* 22 22 19 High School Diploma 25 24 22 25 24 24 24 26 25 21 24 28 25 24 23 28 24 25 Some College, no Degree 31 33 30 30 35 31 36 36 41 32 32 40 41 31 33 39 34 32 College Degree/ Post-grad 38 40 44 42 44 39 41 38 45 37 42 51 41 44 41 43 41 43 Income 0-16 Percentile 18 14 13 17 18 15 17 20 21 16 17 22 17 24 23 ** 13 21 Income 17-33 Percentile 21 18 19 21 23 22 21 25 25 21 26 22 28 26 24 ** 23 21 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 24 25 28 28 24 29 30 32 27 30 38 28 27 36 ** 34 30 Income 68-95 Percentile 33 35 32 32 39 37 38 36 41 30 38 46 47 37 33 ** 38 44 Income 96-100 Percentile 39 62 54 49 44 50 49 48 57* 49 42 52 42 48 53* ** 49 59 Professionals 38 33 40 37 39 38 37 37 40 31 37 46 43 38 35 ** 37 ** White Collar 24 31 26 26 28 24 30 31 35 28 31 37 31 31 32 ** 32 ** Blue Collar 20 22 20 21 24 23 24 25 25 23 25 31 27 25 24 ** 25 ** Unskilled 20* 8* 22 20 26* 23* 23* 20 24 19 27 25 18* 23* 22* ** 15* ** Farmers 29 32 26 30* 22* 26* 33 33 39 28 32 49* 49* 6* 52* ** 50* ** Housewives 28 23 23 28 23 22 25 27 28 25 27 31 26 29 35 ** 33 ** Union Households 23 23 19 24 27 25 28 27 28 24 31 29 27 26 27 25 28 35 Non-Union Households 27 27 28 28 29 28 29 31 33 26 30 37 34 31 31 36 32 32 South 27 25 26 28 28 27 27 26 28 22 28 33 31 30 31 37 33 38 Nonsouth 26 26 26 27 28 27 29 31 33 28 31 37 33 31 30 33 30 27 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 26 20 21 7 26 18 34 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 18 27 27 23 24 26 23 26 33 30 30 33 39 33 31 Born 1943-1958 21 18 21 25 27 28 30 30 35 29 34 38 33 33 37 33 39 46 Born 1927-1942 30 34 30 30 35 31 35 34 34 29 32 42 40 30 35 38 32 34 Born 1911-1926 29 29 31 32 26 25 25 31 29 24 27 32 33 33 27 31 26 ** Born 1895-1910 28 27 22 23 26 19 22 28 31 9 26 28* 41* 0* 45* 8* ** ** Born before 1895 18 29 23 21* 17* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 18 17 15 17 18 16 15 18 18 17 17 16 16 16 16 17 12 12 Independents 20 22 15 19 19 19 16 22 19 14 18 26 16 14 16 15 16 16 Republicans (incl leaners) 42 45 47 51 49 49 49 49 51 42 52 60 60 55 56 59 59 65 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 3.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10