THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Liberals and Conservatives 1964-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: CONSERVATIVES '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 57 56 58 53 61 61 58 ** 62 54 59 58 61 59 57 61 61 56 59 57 61 60 Females 56 56 56 53 62 61 59 ** 63 53 60 59 61 60 55 61 58 57 58 58 61 60 Whites 58 56 57 54 63 62 60 ** 63 54 60 59 62 59 56 61 60 57 59 59 61 61 Blacks 48 53 53 44 51 56 50 ** 58 47 57 57 54 58 53 62 60 55 57 53 59 58 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 51 53 54 47 61 63 60 ** 62 46 55 54 59 56 55 59 59 58 52 48* 59* 64 High School Diploma 58 56 56 53 62 62 59 ** 62 54 59 58 60 60 56 60 60 56 58 58 62 60 Some College, no Degree 60 57 60 58 62 60 58 ** 65 52 62 61 63 61 54 62 59 57 59 59 62 61 College Degree/ Post-grad 61 61 61 57 58 58 58 ** 61 54 61 58 62 58 56 62 60 55 59 58 58 59 Income 0-16 Percentile 53 54 56 51 60 60 59 ** 62 52 57 56 60 59 55 58 56 56 56 ** 57 58 Income 17-33 Percentile 54 55 55 51 61 60 57 ** 63 50 57 59 62 57 54 58 60 57 59 ** 60 60 Income 34-67 Percentile 55 56 57 52 62 61 59 ** 62 53 60 58 61 60 56 62 59 55 57 ** 62 59 Income 68-95 Percentile 60 56 58 54 61 61 59 ** 62 55 61 60 61 59 57 62 62 56 59 ** 61 62 Income 96-100 Percentile 61 58 60 59 62 70 62 ** 67 58 65 60 65* 64 56 61 62 58 65 ** 59 66 Professionals 61 ** 59 56 61 60 58 ** 63 54 60 59 62 59 55 62 59 55 59 ** 58 ** White Collar 58 ** 57 53 61 63 59 ** 63 53 61 59 62 60 56 60 59 57 58 ** 64 ** Blue Collar 54 ** 55 50 60 60 57 ** 63 52 58 57 59 59 55 61 60 57 58 ** 61 ** Unskilled 51* ** 58* 52* 56* 59* 61 ** 63* 54* 54 62 61 56 58 51* 59* 56* 56* ** 61* ** Farmers 54 ** 58 48 67 66 60 ** 61* 53* 63 56 62 59 57 64* 66* 65* 63* ** 69* ** Housewives 57 ** 57 55 64 65 62 ** 63 54 62 61 63 61 59 61 59 59 61 ** 64 ** Union Households 53 54 56 49 61 60 57 ** 61 52 57 58 59 59 55 59 58 55 54 57 58 56 Non-Union Households 58 57 57 54 62 62 60 ** 63 53 61 59 62 60 56 61 60 57 59 58 61 61 South 57 58 58 54 65 62 60 ** 65 57 61 61 62 61 58 63 61 59 60 59 63 63 Nonsouth 57 55 57 53 60 61 58 ** 62 52 59 57 61 59 55 60 59 55 58 57 60 58 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 56 60* 56 56 57 56 60 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 63 54 59 57 60 60 55 60 58 57 58 58 61 61 Born 1943-1958 56* 53 56 52 58 57 55 ** 61 53 60 59 61 58 55 62 60 55 58 56 62 65 Born 1927-1942 55 57 56 52 60 61 60 ** 63 54 60 59 61 61 57 63 63 56 61 60 65 66 Born 1911-1926 57 55 57 53 65 64 62 ** 63 53 59 58 62 60 56 58 59 58 61 62 57 ** Born 1895-1910 58 57 59 53 66 67 63 ** 65 53 62 61 64 54 60 62* 51* 56* 75* 56* ** ** Born before 1895 58 56 59 56 65 69 67* ** 39* 39* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 53 53 54 48 58 58 55 ** 58 49 54 54 55 55 50 56 54 51 54 51 53 54 Independents & Apolitical 54 53 57 51 60 60 57 ** 59 53 59 56 59 59 54 54 56 54 53 49 57 57 Republicans (incl leaners) 65 62 63 62 66 67 65 ** 70 60 66 66 68 66 63 68 67 64 66 66 70 69 Liberals ** ** ** ** 49 50 49 ** 50 43 50 46 51 48 44 49 47 40 48 47 45 48 Moderates ** ** ** ** 62 60 58 ** 63 51 58 57 59 62 54 58 58 56 55 55 58 57 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 72 74 67 ** 72 65 70 68 70 69 66 70 69 67 68 70 73 72 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 3.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10