THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Services and Spending 1982-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'More Services/Spending (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 22 28 38 29 34 27 22 24 35 31 ** 39 Females 27 31 45 32 40 33 33 32 43 46 ** 47 Whites 21 27 37 27 33 27 26 25 36 37 ** 41 Blacks 50 46 65 45 55 47 41 42 54 47 ** 54 Grade School 22 26 40 28 31 32 23 38 36 27* ** 49 High School 23 28 45 31 37 30 30 28 40 42 ** 39 Some College, no Degree 28 33 41 33 40 32 26 29 43 41 ** 45 College Degree/ Post-grad 26 30 36 28 38 29 25 26 35 35 ** 46 Income 0-16 Percentile 30 35 48 37 43 37 37 41 49 54 ** 49 Income 17-33 Percentile 27 30 46 35 41 31 33 31 41 39 ** 48 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 29 42 31 37 32 26 27 37 36 ** 44 Income 68-95 Percentile 25 30 34 29 36 27 23 20 38 41 ** 38 Income 96-100 Percentile 17 26 38 17* 31 24 27 27 38 28* ** 40 Professionals 24 30 35 29 39 30 23 26 35 36 ** 43 White Collar 21 28 41 31 34 28 32 26 38 44 ** 39 Blue Collar 28 32 47 31 41 32 30 28 38 37 ** 47 Unskilled 44* 40* 54 45 29 41 23 50* 40* 35* ** 47* Farmers 19* 18 26 21 26 17 24* 25* 39* 54* ** 44* Housewives 21 25 43 28 36 31 27 27 41 42 ** 38 Union Households 33 36 48 34 38 34 31 30 45 51 ** 49 Non-Union Households 22 28 40 30 37 30 27 28 38 37 ** 42 South 21 29 40 29 38 28 27 30 41 38 ** 40 Nonsouth 26 30 43 32 37 31 28 27 39 40 ** 44 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** 31* 20 45 52 50 ** 54 Born 1959-1974 29 38 47 40 43 36 31 32 44 42 ** 44 Born 1943-1958 29 31 44 33 40 33 30 25 39 39 ** 39 Born 1927-1942 24 28 40 24 33 26 23 25 31 31 ** 38 Born 1911-1926 20 25 36 23 28 20 22 20 28 29 ** 33 Born 1895-1910 16 20 29 25 33 25 25* 23* 43* 29* ** ** Born before 1895 14* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 33 40 52 41 47 39 35 38 45 51 ** 56 Independents & Apoliticals 20 25 39 29 32 27 30 22 46 41 ** 45 Republicans (incl leaners) 11 18 28 20 26 19 19 17 30 21 ** 29 Liberals 48 45 53 51 55 49 48 47 53 56 ** 65 Moderates 26 31 45 35 38 31 27 27 35 33 ** 44 Conservatives 16 20 28 23 28 22 16 18 32 24 ** 21 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4A.5.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05