THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Aid to Blacks/Minorities 1970-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Govt. Help (1,2,3)' Percent of group: '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 27 31 26 29 23 19 20 28 21 22 22 19 18 15 24 16 ** 21 Females 27 30 29 29 27 19 22 27 23 25 25 22 21 19 26 18 ** 21 Whites 21 26 23 25 20 15 18 24 18 17 19 17 15 14 21 15 ** 16 Blacks 79 71 69 60 54 41 48 49 40 46 49 38 39 34 44 31 ** 42 Grade School 26 24 21 24 26 16 17 29 18 26 24 18 18 20 37 20* ** 26 High School 24 27 24 25 23 15 18 23 19 23 20 19 17 14 20 16 ** 19 Some College, no Degree 32 37 34 33 25 21 20 29 24 20 25 17 19 17 26 16 ** 19 College Degree/ Post-grad 37 43 41 41 29 29 34 39 31 28 32 29 27 23 30 21 ** 26 Income 0-16 Percentile 31 33 33 36 36 24 23 34 24 35 29 27 28 25 29 20 ** 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 29 30 33 31 27 15 22 29 21 23 27 20 22 15 29 23 ** 19 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 28 27 28 25 18 22 27 21 23 24 19 15 15 24 16 ** 24 Income 68-95 Percentile 26 30 26 26 18 20 22 26 21 19 20 18 17 15 20 15 ** 17 Income 96-100 Percentile 29 32 15 26 18 13 20 30 21 15* 20 22 27 21 29 10* ** 14 Professionals 29 35 37 32 23 22 25 34 28 22 26 23 21 19 30 16 ** 26 White Collar 29 33 24 34 25 21 20 27 21 24 22 20 18 13 20 17 ** 15 Blue Collar 28 32 26 28 25 17 19 26 19 23 25 17 18 16 20 17 ** 22 Unskilled 42* 46* 38* 25 37 26* 21* 21* 15 29 23 26 13 30* 31* 9* ** 30* Farmers 29 23 17 28 23* 7* 19* 23 20 28 17 19 13* 6* 4* 30* ** 23* Housewives 22 21 20 19 22 13 18 20 21 19 18 20 15 20 22 20 ** 10 Union Households 27 29 28 27 24 18 23 29 19 21 20 18 21 20 29 18 ** 23 Non-Union Households 27 30 28 30 25 19 21 27 23 24 24 21 19 16 24 17 ** 21 South 22 28 23 26 23 17 20 26 19 23 25 21 20 16 26 16 ** 23 Nonsouth 29 31 29 30 25 20 22 28 24 24 23 20 19 17 25 18 ** 20 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 21 21 31 23 ** 29 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** 34 26 25 34 26 26 26 23 22 19 25 18 ** 18 Born 1943-1958 33 41 38 37 27 20 27 30 24 24 24 21 19 14 25 16 ** 19 Born 1927-1942 29 28 22 29 19 19 20 26 22 21 22 19 18 18 19 9 ** 22 Born 1911-1926 27 25 23 23 25 13 15 25 17 22 21 17 13 11 25 23 ** 18 Born 1895-1910 23 25 20 19 24 20 14 20 13 22 13 16 7* 16* 34* 26* ** ** Born before 1895 15 23 27 24 36* 10* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 34 36 35 35 31 26 27 36 29 32 30 27 29 24 34 23 ** 33 Independents & Apoliticals 22 26 24 23 23 14 15 27 17 18 20 19 12 18 19 16 ** 20 Republicans (incl leaners) 19 23 17 24 15 10 14 18 15 15 16 12 10 7 14 9 ** 8 Liberals ** 61 53 52 41 39 45 47 40 39 42 37 45 36 44 27 ** 39 Moderates ** 29 30 30 21 12 19 24 20 25 21 20 17 12 24 16 ** 16 Conservatives ** 20 14 20 16 14 16 22 16 15 16 14 13 10 17 8 ** 10 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05