THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Aid to Blacks/Minorities 1970-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Help Themselves (5,6,7)' Percent of group: '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 45 39 42 41 46 45 41 36 43 48 49 51 54 59 43 51 ** 49 Females 37 36 33 32 40 40 37 30 39 41 39 41 47 48 37 49 ** 43 Whites 44 41 40 39 46 45 42 36 43 50 48 49 56 58 44 54 ** 53 Blacks 6 8 8 11 16 20 15 15 26 23 25 29 25 33 19 29 ** 22 Grade School 39 44 42 32 31 34 28 26 43 34 44 42 37 25 26 38* ** 45 High School 41 40 36 39 43 43 40 34 41 45 45 47 51 54 44 51 ** 47 Some College, no Degree 45 33 39 35 47 42 46 33 40 45 44 52 51 56 40 48 ** 48 College Degree/ Post-grad 36 29 31 32 45 44 32 32 38 44 38 39 49 53 36 51 ** 41 Income 0-16 Percentile 28 36 23 22 28 28 33 21 35 35 34 36 38 36 40 42 ** 37 Income 17-33 Percentile 40 36 36 34 38 42 38 30 43 36 38 44 45 50 33 40 ** 45 Income 34-67 Percentile 42 40 36 37 45 41 37 37 42 46 45 45 53 57 41 51 ** 46 Income 68-95 Percentile 45 37 42 42 50 50 45 35 43 49 48 54 58 60 44 57 ** 50 Income 96-100 Percentile 37 38 65 44 54 60 47 41 45 54* 56 48 48 56 43 52* ** 54 Professionals 42 35 35 38 45 46 36 32 39 46 44 43 50 55 39 50 ** 44 White Collar 39 35 39 37 44 46 41 36 41 47 43 49 57 58 39 53 ** 47 Blue Collar 41 38 39 39 41 38 40 33 44 43 44 48 49 51 41 48 ** 48 Unskilled 46* 17* 35* 26 39 26* 26* 40* 35 31 45 44 47 41* 39* 61* ** 22* Farmers 34 49 56 37 37* 46* 30* 30 39 46 50 46 51* 52* 67* 49* ** 50* Housewives 41 42 34 34 43 40 42 29 36 40 42 39 47 49 48 50 ** 55 Union Households 38 37 37 38 43 41 42 35 40 42 45 45 45 51 39 51 ** 41 Non-Union Households 41 38 37 36 42 42 38 32 41 44 43 46 52 53 40 49 ** 47 South 52 43 37 37 44 45 43 33 44 48 46 48 51 50 40 53 ** 43 Nonsouth 36 36 37 36 42 40 37 32 39 42 42 45 50 54 40 48 ** 47 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 58 48 39 39 ** 37 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** 34 33 41 33 36 45 41 46 49 55 40 51 ** 47 Born 1943-1958 35 30 28 30 41 41 40 34 41 46 43 46 51 55 41 53 ** 47 Born 1927-1942 42 38 38 38 49 45 42 35 42 45 49 45 49 50 38 54 ** 51 Born 1911-1926 41 42 43 42 43 45 34 30 40 38 43 45 50 51 42 43 ** 49 Born 1895-1910 42 43 42 39 37 36 36 27 49 43 53 50 40* 44* 14* 29* ** ** Born before 1895 42 37 44 32 32* 40* 57* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 36 33 33 32 38 35 32 24 34 34 37 37 38 42 29 38 ** 32 Independents & Apoliticals 37 38 34 34 38 35 37 32 44 45 45 43 48 51 31 49 ** 42 Republicans (incl leaners) 48 44 45 44 52 55 51 44 48 55 53 58 65 67 58 67 ** 63 Liberals ** 17 25 25 37 31 29 23 31 32 33 30 28 37 24 35 ** 31 Moderates ** 40 34 36 45 45 35 37 41 43 45 45 50 52 40 56 ** 43 Conservatives ** 53 55 53 58 54 53 43 51 57 53 59 64 69 55 63 ** 64 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 4B.4.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05