THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR
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School Prayer (2)  1986-1998

PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Christian Prayer Required'



     Percent of group:      '86  '88  '90  '92  '94  '96  '98 
 
                     Males    9    7    9   10    9   11    8 
                   Females   12   12   11   11   10    9    8  
 
                    Whites    8    8    9    8    8    7    6 
                    Blacks   20   17   19   21   17   20   15  
 
 Grade Sch./Some High Sch.   24   22   23   24   19   31   22 
       High School Diploma   13   12   12   12   12   12   10 
   Some College, no Degree    7    6    7    8    8    8    5 
 College Degree/ Post-grad    3    4    4    5    3    3    3  
 
    Income 0-16 Percentile   17   17   15   19   12   16   12 
   Income 17-33 Percentile   14   11   13   15   13   16   15 
   Income 34-67 Percentile   10    9   11    7    9    9    5 
   Income 68-95 Percentile    7    6    6    5    6    5    7 
  Income 96-100 Percentile    3    2*   0*   6    4    2    1  
 
             Professionals    4    5    5    6    5    5    4 
              White Collar    9    6    9    8    9    8    5 
               Blue Collar   15   16   14   14   13   16   10 
                 Unskilled   18   17*  20*  17*  15   14*  30* 
                   Farmers   11    7    8*  14    8*  23*  19* 
                Housewives   14   12   11    9   11    7   10  
 
          Union Households    8   10    8    9   10    9    6 
      Non-Union Households   11   10   11   10   10   10    8  
 
                     South   16   16   16   15   15   15   12 
                  Nonsouth    8    7    8    8    7    7    6  
 
        Born 1991 or later   **   **   **   **   **   **   ** 
            Born 1975-1990   **   **   **    0*   8    0    5 
            Born 1959-1974    8    8    6    9    8    8    6 
            Born 1943-1958    7    8    6    8   10    9    7 
            Born 1927-1942   13   10   17   13   12   11   10 
            Born 1911-1926   15   15   17   13   13   17   12 
            Born 1895-1910   20   14   15*  17   13*  30*  32* 
          Born before 1895    0*  **   **   **   **   **   **  
 
  Democrats (incl leaners)   12   11   12   12   11   12    9 
              Independents   10   11   10    9    8    9    5 
Republicans (incl leaners)    8    8    8    9    9    7    6  
 
                  Liberals    7    6    6    7    5    6    3 
                 Moderates    9    6   10    8    9   11    5 
             Conservatives   10   10    8   10    8    7    9



 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group
** indicates question not asked or no cases within group
....................


Table 4C.3b.4
Source:  The American National Election Studies
NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed.  See Table 1A.3
       

Table generated:  05AUG10