THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Benefit of All' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 63 52 46 40 38 26 24 25 20 32 38 ** 33 25 20 19 26 35 35 51 38 26 Females 65 54 55 41 37 24 24 24 22 27 40 ** 29 23 21 20 28 30 34 50 42 32 Whites 63 52 49 42 39 25 24 23 19 29 40 ** 32 22 18 18 26 30 35 53 42 27 Blacks 68 64 66 33 24 19 19 32 34 24 30 ** 25 23 22 27 32 34 33 39 27 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 57 47 41 30 31 20 19 26 19 29 33 ** 25 23 26 23 21 35 22 55* 35* 38* High School Diploma 68 54 52 43 37 24 24 24 20 31 39 ** 28 26 21 19 28 33 34 51 41 29 Some College, no Degree 63 54 55 51 41 28 26 23 21 24 40 ** 34 20 19 18 25 30 32 50 41 26 College Degree/ Post-grad 62 63 61 45 45 30 28 26 26 32 41 ** 37 25 19 22 31 33 41 49 39 32 Income 0-16 Percentile 56 48 50 31 34 22 26 22 24 29 32 ** 24 28 27 23 34 36 32 ** 37 35 Income 17-33 Percentile 63 49 49 34 30 14 22 26 20 31 39 ** 28 25 19 19 24 34 29 ** 37 27 Income 34-67 Percentile 68 52 51 40 38 27 25 22 21 28 39 ** 28 24 20 19 24 30 32 ** 46 26 Income 68-95 Percentile 66 60 56 50 42 25 24 27 21 31 42 ** 38 25 20 19 28 31 40 ** 44 29 Income 96-100 Percentile 72 58 48 43 54 47 30 27 25 36 53 ** 53* 26 19 24 31 30 44 ** 35 40 Professionals 64 ** 56 44 44 30 27 24 26 31 40 ** 34 23 18 22 29 33 36 ** 36 ** White Collar 63 ** 52 48 39 23 26 24 17 27 38 ** 31 25 20 18 27 29 32 ** 41 ** Blue Collar 64 ** 45 40 31 21 18 26 21 30 39 ** 29 23 19 19 27 32 31 ** 42 ** Unskilled 66* ** 60* 29* 29* 16* 25 24 22* 18* 31* ** 14* 29 21* 14 21* 18* 30* ** 29* ** Farmers 53 ** 42 19 37 25 30 26* 0* 23* 31 ** 25 23 30 12* 7* 29* 48* ** 38* ** Housewives 67 ** 56 41 41 27 28 22 20 30 44 ** 33 24 26 17 22 31 42 ** 51 ** Union Households 69 52 50 45 33 23 20 26 19 32 34 ** 31 22 15 20 25 35 37 52 38 22 Non-Union Households 63 53 51 39 39 25 25 24 22 28 40 ** 31 24 22 19 28 32 34 50 41 30 South 60 45 51 35 40 23 24 27 25 31 39 ** 29 23 23 23 29 34 31 49 43 32 Nonsouth 65 56 51 43 37 25 24 23 20 28 39 ** 32 24 19 17 27 31 36 51 39 27 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 18 33 46 43 51 39 31 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 32 41 44 ** 39 33 26 20 27 33 33 52 43 24 Born 1943-1958 67* 64 56 51 39 28 24 26 20 26 42 ** 26 23 20 17 28 28 35 50 41 22 Born 1927-1942 69 59 58 44 37 25 24 24 23 29 38 ** 35 20 21 20 25 31 34 49 36 31 Born 1911-1926 64 54 49 42 39 23 24 22 18 28 33 ** 31 14 12 22 28 29 27 45 41 ** Born 1895-1910 57 47 44 32 37 22 22 21 19 30 31 ** 19 24 16 20* 32* 36* 45* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 59 36 45 28 34 15 33 31* 11* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 70 59 55 39 32 24 18 27 24 25 32 ** 26 22 19 21 30 36 37 43 27 27 Independents 48 41 33 36 36 16 24 20 18 22 37 ** 23 20 18 11 22 24 26 35 33 33 Republicans (incl leaners) 56 48 50 46 47 30 34 22 19 38 48 ** 39 29 23 19 25 30 34 62 57 31 Liberals ** ** ** ** 29 20 19 24 25 23 32 ** 27 21 17 19 31 29 40 41 28 24 Moderates ** ** ** ** 39 27 21 21 18 30 40 ** 29 24 21 21 28 35 40 45 39 27 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 47 27 30 23 19 32 44 ** 36 26 22 19 26 33 38 61 51 32 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10