THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Gave Money to Help a Campaign 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'No' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 94 ** 89 ** 89 90 88 90 89 ** 88 89 79 85 91 89 91 89 90 93 91 93 90 93 89 85 87 87 Females 97 ** 91 ** 88 91 91 93 92 ** 91 93 87 89 93 93 93 91 92 94 94 95 94 93 93 93 87 87 Whites 95 ** 90 ** 88 90 89 91 91 ** 89 91 83 87 91 90 91 89 90 93 91 93 91 92 91 89 85 86 Blacks 99 ** 98 ** 91 94 93 95 94 ** 91 96 92 93 99 95 97 95 94 95 98 95 97 97 94 92 93 90 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 98 ** 95 ** 95 97 98 96 94 ** 97 97 95 96 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 98 97 96 92 87* 100* 97* High School Diploma 97 ** 90 ** 88 90 91 93 93 ** 93 94 87 90 96 95 96 94 96 96 96 97 96 96 94 92 92 95 Some College, no Degree 88 ** 86 ** 87 90 81 85 89 ** 84 88 81 85 88 92 90 89 88 94 93 93 92 94 93 90 88 90 College Degree/ Post-grad 83 ** 78 ** 74 79 73 83 79 ** 72 79 64 74 82 75 81 79 80 82 84 87 85 85 84 84 78 73 Income 0-16 Percentile 99 ** 99 ** 97 96 97 98 97 ** 98 98 97 96 97 98 99 97 98 97 97 99 97 96 99 ** 91 92 Income 17-33 Percentile 97 ** 94 ** 95 94 93 97 95 ** 97 96 89 93 97 95 96 97 96 97 96 97 97 98 93 ** 94 93 Income 34-67 Percentile 98 ** 93 ** 94 92 93 92 91 ** 92 94 85 89 93 93 93 93 93 95 94 95 94 96 93 ** 89 90 Income 68-95 Percentile 93 ** 83 ** 81 86 83 90 89 ** 82 85 75 81 89 86 89 82 84 90 90 92 88 89 86 ** 84 82 Income 96-100 Percentile 83 ** 69 ** 52 71 69 66 70 ** 65 65 66 68 68 73 79 72 64* 71 76 65 74 82 81 ** 69 66 Professionals 86 ** 82 ** 78 ** 77 ** 86 ** 79 85 74 77 87 81 85 81 85 87 88 89 86 87 87 ** 80 ** White Collar 94 ** 91 ** 83 ** 87 ** 89 ** 89 93 81 88 91 91 92 91 91 95 92 93 91 95 91 ** 86 ** Blue Collar 97 ** 92 ** 91 ** 94 ** 95 ** 94 94 87 92 96 96 96 94 97 97 96 97 97 96 94 ** 93 ** Unskilled 99 ** 94 ** 100* ** 100* ** 89* ** 91* 97* 89 93 93* 97* 98* 96 100* 98 94* 98 99* 93* 97* ** 98* ** Farmers 99 ** 93 ** 99 ** 92 ** 91 ** 96 93 95 89* 90* 89* 95 96 87 93 94 93* 93* 100* 92* ** 96* ** Housewives 98 ** 91 ** 91 ** 92 ** 92 ** 92 94 87 89 93 93 95 92 92 91 94 95 95 92 92 ** 89 ** Union Households 97 ** 89 ** 88 ** 90 93 94 ** 92 90 84 86 92 92 90 89 91 96 95 95 94 94 90 89 82 85 Non-Union Households 96 ** 91 ** 89 ** 89 91 90 ** 89 92 84 88 92 91 93 90 91 93 92 93 92 93 91 89 89 87 South 98 ** 94 ** 92 93 91 97 92 ** 94 94 90 89 94 92 94 92 96 95 93 94 94 94 91 88 89 88 Nonsouth 95 ** 89 ** 87 90 89 90 91 ** 88 91 82 87 91 90 92 89 89 93 93 94 91 92 92 90 87 87 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 92 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 92* 99 100 100 98 95 96 88 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 97 97 97 98 96 96 98 97 97 96 97 96 93 92 84 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 95* 94 96 ** 91 94 85 90 93 92 92 92 93 91 92 92 92 91 87 87 83 82 Born 1927-1942 97 ** 95 ** 88 94 89 93 92 ** 86 88 79 84 89 89 91 83 88 90 89 91 88 87 88 83 79 82 Born 1911-1926 97 ** 89 ** 89 89 88 88 89 ** 88 91 80 85 91 88 89 88 86 92 90 90 88 92 85 78 83 ** Born 1895-1910 95 ** 88 ** 87 90 91 91 89 ** 93 92 92 89 93 92 94 92 91 98 97 91* 72* 93* 100* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 96 ** 94 ** 91 91 90 99 93 ** 96 98 94 100* 90* 67* 100* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 96 ** 90 ** 93 91 93 94 93 ** 90 93 85 89 95 92 92 91 93 93 93 95 94 93 92 91 88 85 Independents 96 ** 94 ** 93 93 97 94 95 ** 95 95 88 94 98 97 97 96 97 99 95 98 98 98 96 98 97 96 Republicans (incl leaners) 95 ** 88 ** 81 88 80 86 87 ** 87 89 80 80 85 87 91 87 88 92 91 90 89 92 88 86 84 87 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 81 91 77 85 87 84 86 87 90 88 89 92 89 89 90 91 82 78 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 91 92 83 88 94 92 92 90 92 94 93 95 96 94 94 92 93 92 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 87 85 78 81 87 85 90 86 86 90 90 90 88 92 89 85 81 84 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 6B.5.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10