THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Read about Campaign in Newspapers 1952-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'No' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 16 ** 24 ** 16 ** 19 ** 21 ** 39 36 20 25 24 25 20 30 30 30 29 ** 41 ** 38 ** 31 Females 24 ** 37 ** 23 ** 24 ** 27 ** 45 41 31 32 34 31 26 40 42 39 40 ** 49 ** 50 ** 35 Whites 18 ** 29 ** 18 ** 20 ** 24 ** 41 38 24 27 27 26 20 32 35 32 32 ** 43 ** 42 ** 30 Blacks 45 ** 61 ** 42 ** 33 ** 30 ** 50 51 43 37 42 36 30 49 42 44 45 ** 53 ** 57 ** 44 Grade School 35 ** 52 ** 35 ** 42 ** 40 ** 57 66 51 53 50 55 52 61 42 61 52 ** 53* ** 69* ** 43* High School 13 ** 27 ** 16 ** 18 ** 26 ** 47 39 29 33 36 33 26 43 46 41 44 ** 56 ** 55 ** 40 Some College, no Degree 6 ** 12 ** 6 ** 9 ** 11 ** 36 30 17 20 22 20 16 30 36 30 30 ** 42 ** 39 ** 37 College Degree/ Post-grad 1 ** 4 ** 6 ** 7 ** 9 ** 16 16 7 11 8 10 8 14 18 11 21 ** 28 ** 31 ** 19 Income 0-16 Percentile 43 ** 53 ** 44 ** 38 ** 40 ** 54 60 53 47 44 44 40 56 50 53 52 ** 52 ** 54 ** 42 Income 17-33 Percentile 23 ** 41 ** 25 ** 22 ** 28 ** 50 50 29 35 39 36 30 39 42 42 41 ** 53 ** 47 ** 30 Income 34-67 Percentile 18 ** 27 ** 16 ** 20 ** 21 ** 41 40 26 25 28 25 22 34 37 34 33 ** 45 ** 50 ** 38 Income 68-95 Percentile 10 ** 20 ** 13 ** 15 ** 15 ** 36 23 17 19 17 17 13 27 29 22 27 ** 42 ** 37 ** 27 Income 96-100 Percentile 5 ** 13 ** 4 ** 5 ** 17 ** 24* 13 5 16 5 15 6 15 21* 19 26 ** 27 ** 35 ** 22 Professionals 6 ** 12 ** 6 ** 11 ** 13 ** 24 23 12 14 13 14 12 18 25 18 22 ** 33 ** 32 ** 23 White Collar 11 ** 23 ** 13 ** 13 ** 20 ** 37 27 21 26 25 24 22 31 36 32 35 ** 45 ** 44 ** 35 Blue Collar 18 ** 32 ** 21 ** 25 ** 31 ** 51 51 28 38 38 34 27 46 44 41 41 ** 54 ** 50 ** 38 Unskilled 37 ** 50 ** 24* ** 34* ** 20* ** 50* 54* 45 40 43* 41* 42* 55 54* 47 47* ** 66* ** 74* ** 55* Farmers 24 ** 45 ** 34 ** 42 ** 30 ** 35* 40 52 41* 45* 43* 35 47 36* 49 39 ** 29* ** 56* ** 56* Housewives 25 ** 37 ** 28 ** 25 ** 25 ** 49 44 35 30 35 35 30 44 40 39 45 ** 48 ** 60 ** 30 Union Households 18 ** 32 ** 21 ** 21 ** 23 ** 49 40 25 26 27 24 17 31 34 29 34 ** 46 ** 47 ** 33 Non-Union Households 22 ** 31 ** 20 ** 22 ** 25 ** 40 39 27 30 30 29 25 37 37 36 35 ** 45 ** 44 ** 33 South 34 ** 42 ** 25 ** 22 ** 28 ** 49 54 33 36 33 34 30 43 43 46 38 ** 51 ** 46 ** 30 Nonsouth 17 ** 28 ** 18 ** 21 ** 24 ** 40 33 24 26 28 25 21 32 33 30 33 ** 42 ** 43 ** 34 Born 1975 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 75* ** 52 ** 56 ** 44 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 47 42 44 37 52 51 49 44 ** 61 ** 53 ** 39 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* ** 30 ** 51 48 30 34 36 28 21 38 39 29 35 ** 41 ** 41 ** 28 Born 1927-1942 31 ** 38 ** 18 ** 20 ** 23 ** 41 35 21 22 15 23 18 26 31 28 27 ** 34 ** 34 ** 20 Born 1911-1926 21 ** 31 ** 18 ** 21 ** 22 ** 40 33 24 24 27 25 20 27 24 26 26 ** 30 ** 30 ** 26* Born 1895-1910 19 ** 28 ** 21 ** 21 ** 26 ** 34 40 29 31 31 31 29 29 24 48 40* ** 22* ** 86* ** ** Born before 1895 18 ** 34 ** 26 ** 24 ** 30 ** 49* 27 34 42* 44* 38* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 21 ** 30 ** 21 ** 22 ** 25 ** 42 40 26 30 30 28 22 35 37 32 33 ** 44 ** 45 ** 32 Independents & Apoliticals 41 ** 50 ** 27 ** 41 ** 32 ** 52 52 39 41 42 46 39 57 53 61 47 ** 59 ** 64 ** 45 Republicans (incl leaners) 15 ** 28 ** 16 ** 14 ** 22 ** 39 30 21 20 22 20 19 29 31 30 33 ** 44 ** 37 ** 32 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 31 16 22 16 20 16 31 29 22 25 ** 36 ** 39 ** 22 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 32 22 24 28 18 20 33 38 29 31 ** 46 ** 38 ** 36 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 27 16 19 19 18 15 25 27 25 30 ** 37 ** 38 ** 33 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 6D.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 27NOV05