THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Time of Presidential Election Vote Decision 1948-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Last 2 Weeks of Campaign/On Election Day' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 11 10 ** 9 ** 11 ** 12 ** 20 ** 11 ** 22 ** 24 ** 13 ** 16 ** 25 ** 18 ** 23 ** 15 Females 14 13 ** 11 ** 12 ** 14 ** 23 ** 16 ** 26 ** 27 ** 14 ** 19 ** 24 ** 20 ** 22 ** 15 Whites 13 12 ** 9 ** 12 ** 14 ** 23 ** 14 ** 25 ** 28 ** 13 ** 18 ** 27 ** 21 ** 22 ** 13 Blacks 11* 10* ** 20* ** 12 ** 2 ** 9 ** 15 ** 15 ** 10 ** 10 ** 16 ** 12 ** 9 ** 20 ** 21 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 13 ** 8 ** 7 ** 14 ** 18 ** 13 ** 16 ** 19 ** 17 ** 16 ** 14 ** 25* ** 16* ** 23* High School Diploma 15 12 ** 12 ** 13 ** 14 ** 23 ** 13 ** 25 ** 27 ** 12 ** 18 ** 26 ** 19 ** 21 ** 17 Some College, no Degree 11 6 ** 7 ** 15 ** 7 ** 27 ** 16 ** 28 ** 25 ** 14 ** 16 ** 26 ** 21 ** 24 ** 15 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 8 ** 9 ** 13 ** 12 ** 18 ** 14 ** 24 ** 27 ** 13 ** 18 ** 23 ** 16 ** 24 ** 13 Income 0-16 Percentile 16* 11 ** 9 ** 5 ** 13 ** 16 ** 13 ** 18 ** 14 ** 21 ** 13 ** 20 ** 18 ** 32 ** 13 Income 17-33 Percentile 18 15 ** 10 ** 6 ** 13 ** 20 ** 13 ** 20 ** 27 ** 17 ** 18 ** 22 ** 16 ** 18 ** 17 Income 34-67 Percentile 4 12 ** 10 ** 14 ** 13 ** 23 ** 13 ** 27 ** 28 ** 13 ** 19 ** 24 ** 21 ** 22 ** 15 Income 68-95 Percentile 16 12 ** 10 ** 15 ** 13 ** 24 ** 16 ** 26 ** 27 ** 12 ** 19 ** 26 ** 18 ** 21 ** 13 Income 96-100 Percentile 11 2 ** 8 ** 9 ** 12 ** 24 ** 11 ** 20 ** 23 ** 5 ** 9* ** 25 ** 14 ** 27 ** 15 Professionals ** 7 ** 6 ** 11 ** 11 ** 21 ** 11 ** 25 ** 26 ** 13 ** 18 ** 26 ** 17 ** 22 ** 14 White Collar ** 14 ** 16 ** 13 ** 14 ** 23 ** 16 ** 23 ** 28 ** 15 ** 16 ** 24 ** 18 ** 22 ** 15 Blue Collar ** 14 ** 9 ** 12 ** 15 ** 26 ** 12 ** 20 ** 26 ** 13 ** 17 ** 22 ** 20 ** 26 ** 15 Unskilled ** 12 ** 10 ** 0* ** 5* ** 20* ** 0* ** 25* ** 26* ** 12* ** 14* ** 24* ** 54* ** 35* ** 23* Farmers ** 11 ** 5 ** 6 ** 2* ** 14* ** 11* ** 24* ** 28* ** 24* ** 20* ** 29 ** 16* ** 34* ** 16* Housewives ** 12 ** 12 ** 14 ** 13 ** 20 ** 15 ** 28 ** 25 ** 9 ** 20 ** 25 ** 21 ** 13 ** 19 Union Households 14 14 ** 11 ** 14 ** 10 ** 27 ** 14 ** 24 ** 28 ** 16 ** 18 ** 24 ** 22 ** 22 ** 14 Non-Union Households 12 11 ** 9 ** 11 ** 13 ** 20 ** 14 ** 24 ** 25 ** 13 ** 17 ** 24 ** 19 ** 23 ** 16 South ** 10 ** 12 ** 12 ** 9 ** 17 ** 10 ** 18 ** 21 ** 12 ** 13 ** 23 ** 19 ** 18 ** 16 Nonsouth ** 12 ** 9 ** 11 ** 14 ** 23 ** 15 ** 26 ** 28 ** 14 ** 19 ** 25 ** 19 ** 25 ** 15 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44* ** 41* ** 32 ** 14 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 27 ** 18 ** 17 ** 27 ** 16 ** 24 ** 18 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10* ** 26 ** 15 ** 30 ** 31 ** 15 ** 18 ** 24 ** 22 ** 21 ** 15 Born 1927-1942 29* 12 ** 11 ** 11 ** 13 ** 27 ** 15 ** 28 ** 26 ** 13 ** 17 ** 23 ** 19 ** 17 ** 13 Born 1911-1926 11 15 ** 13 ** 15 ** 11 ** 21 ** 14 ** 21 ** 24 ** 12 ** 16 ** 22 ** 16 ** 20 ** 16* Born 1895-1910 14 10 ** 8 ** 9 ** 13 ** 15 ** 10 ** 13 ** 14 ** 8 ** 18 ** 26* ** 3* ** 68* ** ** Born before 1895 5 8 ** 6 ** 9 ** 15 ** 13* ** 9* ** 18* ** 40* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 15 ** 12 ** 15 ** 9 ** 21 ** 19 ** 24 ** 27 ** 16 ** 17 ** 21 ** 16 ** 22 ** 16 Independents ** 20* ** 23 ** 16 ** 18 ** 41 ** 11 ** 43 ** 33 ** 25 ** 36 ** 38 ** 51 ** 45 ** 40* Republicans (incl leaners) ** 5 ** 4 ** 7 ** 18 ** 18 ** 8 ** 19 ** 23 ** 8 ** 15 ** 25 ** 19 ** 19 ** 12 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 16 ** 23 ** 26 ** 14 ** 18 ** 21 ** 15 ** 23 ** 13 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 17 ** 27 ** 29 ** 16 ** 22 ** 27 ** 27 ** 34 ** 21 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8 ** 22 ** 22 ** 9 ** 13 ** 24 ** 17 ** 19 ** 14 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 9A.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10