THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Congressional Vote 2 Major Parties 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republican' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 52 ** 42 39 45 39 35 38 48 46 44 37 42 40 44 46 47 42 41 41 43 56 56 53 53 53 49 52 Females 51 ** 52 40 44 45 35 47 48 45 44 39 43 42 47 40 43 38 41 31 38 50 47 49 45 53 45 42 Whites 53 ** 48 41 46 44 38 46 51 48 47 40 47 45 50 47 49 46 47 42 45 58 58 56 53 58 56 54 Blacks 8* ** 17* 21 17* 8* 5 11 13 18* 6 6 3 8 5 10 11 9 8 7 12 15 12 28 8 19 6 17 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 45 ** 48 33 41 31 19 39 30 34 37 35 32 28 31 24* 36 21 24 18 23 31* 24* 31* 29* 62* 26* 36* High School Diploma 53 ** 44 33 40 43 34 39 48 45 44 37 41 42 47 37 44 37 36 34 36 46 44 47 47 53 45 48 Some College, no Degree 57 ** 55 50 58 52 48 48 54 56 47 40 43 45 50 49 46 47 45 39 42 52 54 55 51 48 48 49 College Degree/ Post-grad 58 ** 52 60 54 45 52 55 59 50 46 40 53 44 45 49 49 42 48 40 48 62 61 54 50 56 50 44 Income 0-16 Percentile 52 ** 50 41 45 49 26 40 34 35 32 33 27 30 37 26 26 21 27 24 29 33 36 44* 25* ** 37 25 Income 17-33 Percentile 44 ** 43 29 42 35* 34 41* 45 39 41 25 37 43 35 42 38 28 38 23 29 31 33 42 40 ** 45 40 Income 34-67 Percentile 48 ** 41 36 42 38 31 44 49 45 44 35 40 39 48 37 46 41 43 29 39 52 50 51 46 ** 48 46 Income 68-95 Percentile 53 ** 50 41 45 43 41 40 52 48 46 44 48 46 50 47 50 47 45 44 46 65 63 58 53 ** 45 55 Income 96-100 Percentile 76* ** 62 78 59 60* 49 54 57 65* 63 54 63 51 59 60 59 48 65* 74* 69 67 62 54 66 ** 59 67 Professionals 61 ** 51 48 54 ** 49 ** 54 54 48 37 50 46 51 52 46 42 46 38 43 62 56 50 49 ** 40 ** White Collar 50 ** 49 46 51 ** 41 ** 54 41 43 40 45 46 45 47 43 43 40 39 44 52 51 53 50 ** 52 ** Blue Collar 41 ** 41 28 35 ** 25 ** 40 38 37 34 35 34 41 34 41 32 35 31 36 47 40 46 46 ** 47 ** Unskilled 32 ** 33 23* 42* ** 0* ** 11* 14* 25* 29* 31* 26* 41* 25* 28* 29* 40* 32* 28* 40* 40* 0* 32* ** 20* ** Farmers 57 ** 38 38 42 ** 30* ** 43* 28* 54* 39* 46* 53* 75* 63* 47* 43* 48* 36* 54* 42* 66* 91* 51* ** 40* ** Housewives 55 ** 53 44 43 ** 36 ** 51 51 51 44 45 43 45 31 59 48 43 37 40 51 66 66 54 ** 67 ** Union Households 39 ** 38 22 31 ** 20 32 42 37 38 29 28 30 35 30 38 36 32 28 34 39 41 43 33 37 41 38 Non-Union Households 56 ** 51 46 49 ** 41 47 50 48 47 41 48 46 49 46 47 41 43 38 42 56 54 53 52 56 49 48 South 7 ** 19 14 25 27 20 26 30 32 28 30 30 20 35 39 37 26 28 31 40 55 51 68 58 60 49 57 Nonsouth 58 ** 53 44 50 46 39 46 53 49 48 40 47 47 49 44 48 45 45 37 41 52 51 46 45 50 47 39 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25* 63* 43* 64* 35 55* 32 48 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67* 51* 73* 42 36 33 33 46 56 52 56 50 61 48 46 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 56* 43* 53 38 37 31 41 41 42 39 45 42 40 36 40 57 55 50 49 50 53 55 Born 1927-1942 50 ** 47 31 45 43 35 40 47 44 45 37 45 42 48 43 46 46 43 39 42 50 49 51 56 52 51 47* Born 1911-1926 45 ** 44 39 38 44 33 41 50 45 47 43 41 40 47 39 44 33 46 35 32 41 44 45 35 33 40* ** Born 1895-1910 53 ** 49 40 48 39 34 49 43 52 43 39 43 42 45 52 49 33 42 24* 53* 37* 59* 0* 69* 75* ** ** Born before 1895 59 ** 52 44 54 44 47 44* 62* 47* 64* 34* 57* 33* 20* 67* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 20 ** 10 9 11 11 12 17 23 18 16 14 18 22 24 17 21 18 14 13 17 21 21 27 20 22 14 13 Independents 73* ** 63 54* 50 38* 27* 47* 50 48 44 43 43 43 45 67* 40 38 34 39* 40 49 59* 53* 49 60* 43* 58 Republicans (incl leaners) 90 ** 90 84 86 86 76 80 84 84 78 73 76 70 73 79 71 70 71 69 70 83 87 81 83 81 82 84 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 24 23 30 25 23 27 23 17 17 17 23 22 25 23 25 14 12 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 39 43 40 47 38 35 37 37 35 41 43 44 48 43 45 38 39 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 58 50 63 57 62 63 63 56 61 57 60 74 77 71 74 75 74 79 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10