VERSION July 21, 2003 CODEBOOK INTRODUCTION FILE 1996 PRE-POST STUDY (1996.TX) AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1996 CODEBOOK Center for Political Studies Institute for Social Research The University of Michigan TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS ---------------------- >> 1996 GENERAL INTRODUCTION >> STUDY DESCRIPTION FOR THE AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION SDTUDY, 1996 >> 1996 STUDY DESIGN, CONTENT AND ADMINISTRATION >> 1996 FILE STRUCTURE >> 1996 SPECIAL NOTE - CHANGES IN CODING BETWEEN PRE AND POST >> NEW WEIGHTS FOR THE 1996 STUDY (RELEASED MARCH 1998) >> 1996 CODEBOOK INFORMATION >> 1996 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST CODEBOOK -------- 1996 variables APPENDICES ---------- >> 1996 NATIONAL PRE/POST-ELECTION STUDY SAMPLE DESIGN >> 1996 NES PRE-ELECTION SAMPLE OUTCOME >> WEIGHTED ANALYSIS OF 1996 NES DATA >> 1996 PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING ERROR ESTIMATION >> 1996 NES TECHNICAL REPORTS AND OTHER OCCASIONAL PAPERS >> 1995 Pilot Study Reports MASTER CODES ------------ >> 1996 TYPE OF RACE >> 1996 CANDIDATE NUMBERS >> 1996 PARTY-CANDIDATE >> POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS, 1996 >> 1996 RELIGIOUS IDENTIFICATION >> 1980 CENSUS OCCUPATION CODE >> 1980 CENSUS INDUSTRY CODE >> 1996 ETHNICITY/NATIONALITY >> STATE AND COUNTRY CODES, 1996 >> MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS, 1996 >> 1996 PARTY DIFFERENCES >> 1996 CPS 2-DIGIT OCCUPATION CODES >> 1990 CENSUS DEFINITIONS >> Post-Stratified Cross-Sectional Analysis Weights for the 1992, 1994 and 1996 NES data >> 1996 CANDIDATE LISTS AND SAMPLE BALLOT CARDS >> FREQUENCY ADDENDUM >> 1996 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1996: PRE- AND POST-ELECTION SURVEYS (ICPSR 6896) During the winter and early spring of 1997 the National Election Studies staff and ICPSR prepared a comprehensive version of the 1996 American National Election Study. The number of cases in this file, 1714, includes all respondents from the 1996 Pre- and Post-Election surveys. About three-fourths of these respondents or 1316 individuals also participated in the 1994 Post-Election survey (ICPSR 6507) or in both the 1992 American National Election Survey (ICPSR 6067) and the 1994 Post-Election survey. Detailed variables from the Post on 'groups' which are of interest to a smaller number of users are not included in this dataset but are only available in the NES 1996 Auxiliary File: Group Membership mergeable dataset. Please note that UNWEIGHTED FREQUENCIES AND MARGINALS ONLY appear in the codebook. >> STUDY DESCRIPTION FOR THE AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1996 The 1996 American National Election Study was conducted by the Center for Political Studies of the Institute for Social Research, under the general direction of Steven J. Rosenstone, Donald R. Kinder and Warren E. Miller. M. Kathryn Cirksena was the Director of Studies for the National Election Studies and oversaw the study from early planning stages through release of the 1996 data collection. She was assisted by Santa Traugott, retiring Director of Studies, Michael J. Horvath, and Daniel Unger. This is the twenty-fourth in a series of studies of American national elections produced by the Center for Political Studies and the Survey Research Center, and it is the tenth traditional time-series study to be conducted under the auspices of National Science Foundation Grants (SBR-9317631, SES-9209410, SES-9009379, SES-8808361, SES-8341310, SES-8207580 and SOC77-08885) providing long-term support for the National Election Studies. Since 1978, the National Election Studies have been designed by a national Board of Overseers, the members of which meet several times a year to plan content and administration of the major study components. Board members during the planning of the 1996 National Election Study included Larry Bartels (Princeton University), Gary Cox (University of California, San Diego), Charles Franklin (University of Wisconsin), Donald Kinder, ex officio (University of Michigan), David Leege, Chair (University of Notre Dame), Warren Miller, ex officio (Arizona State University), Wendy Rahn (University of Minnesota), as of September 1996, Steven Rosenstone, ex officio (University of Michigan), Virginia Sapiro (University of Wisconsin), W. Phillips Shively (University of Minnesota), Laura Stoker (University of California, Berkeley) and John Zaller (University of California, Los Angeles). As part of the study planning process, a special planning committee was appointed, a pilot study conducted, and stimulus letters sent to members of the scholarly community soliciting input on study plans. Board member Larry Bartels chaired the Planning Committee for the 1996 National Election Study which included from the Board: Donald Kinder (Michigan), Warren Miller (Arizona State), Steven Rosenstone (Michigan), Virginia Sapiro (Wisconsin), Laura Stoker (Berkeley), and John Zaller (UCLA) and four other scholars, R. Michael Alvarez (Cal Tech), Jonathan Krosnick (Ohio State), George Rabinowitz (North Carolina) and Wendy Rahn (Minnesota), as well as Kathryn Cirksena and Santa Traugott (NES staff). A pilot study was carried out in September of 1995 for the purpose of developing new instrumentation for the 1996 Election Study. New items were tested in the areas of the environment and environmental politics, media exposure (including new media), issues, candidate evaluation, and new questions included as part of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Data from the 1995 Pilot Study are available through the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR 6636). Results from the Pilot Study (summarized in Appendix C "1995 Pilot Study Reports") were used by the Planning Committee in formulating recommendations to the Board about study content for the 1996 Pre- and Post-Election Survey. Copies of the Pilot Study Reports are available on the NES Website (www.umich.edu/~nes), or may be obtained by contacting the NES project staff. NES Project Staff Center for Political Studies Room 4026 Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48106-1248 nes@umich.edu http://www.umich.edu/~nes >> 1996 STUDY DESIGN, CONTENT AND ADMINISTRATION STUDY DESIGN The 1996 National Election Study entailed both a pre-election interview and a post-election re-interview. About three-fourths of the 1996 cases consist of empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the 1994 or 1992 National Election Study. A freshly drawn cross-section sample makes up the balance of the 1996 cases. (Details of the sample design are given in "Sample Design of the 1996 Pre/Post Election Studies", in Appendix B.) Altogether, 1714 citizens were interviewed in the 9 weeks prior to the November 5, 1996 election. To permit analysis of the impact of the unfolding election campaign, the pre-election sample was divided into four subsample replicates, which were released approximately two weeks apart. 1316 of the pre-election interviews were conducted with panel respondents; 398 with cross-section respondents. In the weeks following the election, 1534 pre-election respondents were reinterviewed: 1197 panel, 337 cross-section. This post-election survey included a mode experiment in which respondents were randomly assigned to be interviewed either by telephone or face-to-face. Further details of the administration of the surveys are given in "Study Administration", below. The two components of the study -- the panel and the new cross-section -- were designed to be used together to create a combined nationally representative sample of the American electorate. The 1996 NES data set includes a weight which incorporates sampling, nonresponse and post- stratification factors, (V3), for analysis of the 1996 NES combined sample (Panel component cases plus Cross-section supplement cases). A Time Series Weight (V5) which corrects for Panel attrition (but does not incorporate sampling, nonresponse and post-stratification adjustments) should be used in analyses comparing either the panel respondents or the combined panel and new cross-section respondents to previous (unweighted) National Election Studies data collections. See "Sample Design of the 1996 Pre- and Post-Election Study" and the documentation for V3, and V5 for further information. The frequencies that appear in this codebook are unweighted. A set of files, data, weights, and data documentation, designed to enable panel analyses of the 1992-94-96 data become available sometime late in 1997; announcements concerning the release of data for panel analysis are found at the NES website, www.umich.edu/~nes. The present release has been prepared for cross-section and time series analyses. STUDY CONTENT Substantive themes The content for the 1996 Election Study reflects its double duty, both as the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes represented in the 1996 questionnaires include: * interest in the political campaigns; concern about the outcome; and attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign * information about politics * evaluation of the presidential candidates and placement of presidential candidates on various issue dimensions * partisanship and evaluations of the political parties * knowledge of and evaluation of House candidates * political participation: turnout in the November general election; other forms of electoral campaign activity * vote choice for President, the U.S. House, and the U.S. Senate, including second choice for President * personal and national economic well-being * positions on social welfare issues including: government health insurance; federal budget priorities, and the role of the government in the provision of jobs and good standard of living * positions on social issues including: abortion; women's roles; prayer in the schools; the rights of homosexuals and the death penalty * racial and ethnic stereotypes; opinions on affirmative action; attitudes towards immigrants * opinions about the nation's most important problem * values and predispositions: moral traditionalism; political efficacy; egalitarianism; humanitarianism individualism; trust in government * social altruism and social connectedness * feeling thermometers on a wide range of political figures and political groups; affinity with various social groups * detailed demographic information and measures of religious affiliation and religiosity. Several new themes are included in the 1996 study: THE CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN: To better understand the dynamics of congressional campaigns, the pre-election wave contains a core battery of campaign-related congressional items (including candidate recall, thermometer ratings, ideological placements, and vote intention). ISSUE IMPORTANCE AND UNCERTAINTY: Several issue questions include "uncertainty" and "importance" follow-ups for both respondent self-placements ("How certain are you of your position on this scale?" "How important is this issue to you?") and candidate placements (e.g. "How certain are you of Bob Dole's position on this scale?" "How important is this issue to Bob Dole?"). COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: An eight-minute module of questions developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities is included in the post-election interview. Designed to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior, the same questions are being asked in similar form in national election studies around the world, and the resulting survey data will eventually be merged with contextual data on electoral laws and political institutions to produce a rich cross-national data set. This module is included as questions T1-T16 in the post-election survey. ISSUE COVERAGE: New issue items in the areas of crime, the environment, gun control, and income inequality are included. A six-item battery carried forward from the 1995 Pilot Study taps respondents' reactions to proposed trade-offs among domestic spending, deficit reduction, and tax cuts. THE ENVIRONMENT: New items from the 1995 Pilot Study tap perceptions of environmental conditions (air quality and the safety of drinking water in the nation and in the respondent's own community), environmental priorities (ranging from global warming to cleaning up lakes and parks), self-placements and placements of candidates and parties on environmental issues (trading off environmental protection against jobs and living standards, and supporting or opposing government environmental regulations on businesses), and the relative effectiveness of national, state, and local governments in dealing with environmental problems. SOCIAL CAPITAL: Several measures of social connectedness are repeated from the 1992 survey. Items tapping trust in people and trust in government are repeated in the pre- and post-election waves to facilitate analysis of the effect of the campaign and election on broader social attitudes. A battery of items on membership and activity in a wide variety of social, political, religious, and civic organizations is included in the post-election questionnaire. This battery includes several questions on as many as four groups in each of twenty-two categories of organizations. Because of the large number of variables produced from these questions, two means of accessing these data are provided; one set of variables which summarize the groups data is available without any unusual effort by the user. A full complement of variables of interest to the specialist in groups membership and participation is also readily available in a separate mergeable dataset called the NES 1996 Auxuliary File: Group Membership. MEDIA EXPOSURE: New media exposure, reception, and attention items developed in the 1995 Pilot Study include talk radio items, more specific exposure items for network and local television news, and reception items asking respondents to match news anchors with the networks they work for. A battery of exposure items for entertainment television programs provides an indirect measure of exposure to campaign advertisements. There is also a new open-ended item on recollection of a memorable campaign ad, some expansion and reorganization of items tapping attention to the campaign in various media. Congressional Ballot Cards, Candidate Lists, and Candidate Numbers In the usual NES Post-Election survey, and for 1996, in the Pre-Election survey as well, respondents are asked several questions about their particular Congressperson and Senators. In previous years, interviewers pre-edited questionnaires to fill in the names appropriate for the state and congressional district in which the respondent was living (or was living during the pre-election interview). The use of Computer-Assisted Interviewing software means that information about respondents' congressional district and about candidates and incumbents names (including retiring incumbents) and parties is maintained and periodically updated in a computerized database; this information is loaded into the laptop computers used by interviewers and accessed to provide the correct CD and candidate information for displaying and entering responses to the relevant questions. Each candidate and Senator is assigned a unique number that reflects his or her incumbency status and party. Particular questions in the survey, which include feeling thermometers for the various candidates, automatically appear on screen with the correct name filled in. The Candidate Lists stored in the database, which show which candidates are associated with which congressional district and with which numbers they are tagged, can also be found here, as can a sample ballot card. Candidates' names were identified by referring to the results of primary elections published in Congressional Quarterly. In the Pre-Election survey there is the additional complication that a number of states held their Congressional primaries after the Pre-Election field work had started. In these cases, the names of those candidates with the greatest chance of winning their party's nomination were loaded into the database. Forecasts of likely winners assumed that incumbents were likely to win their primaries and that unopposed non-incumbents would win. Other races were forecast by Board member Charles Franklin, using a probit model of all 1996 contested primacies involving non-incumbents and utilizing FEC data from August 1, 1996. As soon as the outcome of the primary was known, the correct candidate information was entered into the database and the new version was loaded onto the appropriate interviewers' laptop computers. In nearly all races the forecasted winner was correct. Further details can be found at the documentation for Pre-Election questions B2a and B2b. Features of a CAI questionnaire Using the capabilities of computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) in the 1996 NES enabled the introduction of several features that would not be feasible using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The most significant of these for users of this data are: randomization within batteries or sequences of questions; application of half-sampling to some questions; and random order of presentation of blocks of questions. Randomization within batteries refers to presenting, in a randomly determined order, a series of questions about the same objects (or people). An example would be the questions about the respondent's likes and dislikes of the three main Presidential candidates where the names of Clinton, Dole and Perot were inserted randomly as the first, second or third person to be asked about in this series. Randomization of names/objects in this way avoids ordering effects that might be obtained if, for example, the candidates were always asked about in the same order in every series of questions where a parallel question is asked about each of the three. Questions where randomization of order within a series was in force are clearly identified in the codebook. Randomization variables, which allow the user to identify the order of presentation, are provided for all instances of randomized presentation. A few questions, primarily open-ended questions, were half-sampled, so that a randomly selected half of respondents were asked the question. Finally, an order experiment, where a sequence of closed-ended questions was asked early in the interview for a random half of respondents and late in the interview for the other half, was included as part of the mode comparison experiment described below. For both of these features, the relevant codebook entries contain explanatory notes. All random selections were programmed into the computer application of the questionnaire and occurred automatically and independently of other circumstances of the interview. CAI eliminates the preparation of a paper and pencil version which would previously have been published in the codebook. STUDY ADMINISTRATION Interviewing for the pre-election survey began on September 3, 1996 and concluded on November 4, 1996. The average length of interview in the pre-election survey was 74 minutes. The overall response rate was 71%. (See "Response Rates" below for a complete discussion.) The post-election interviewing occurred between November 6 and December 31, 1996 inclusive, with an average interview length of 70 minutes. The overall reinterview rate was 90%, with further details available in the Response Rate section below. Sample "Releases" in the Pre-election survey Both parts of the sample (panel and cross-section) were randomly subdivided into four quarter sample releases, each of which is a proper, random subsample of the NES sample. Two additional 'reserve' replicates of cross-section cases were held in abeyance until it was determined that the additional sample lines would be needed to attain study goals. Replicates 1 through 4 were considered the "base sample," certain to be released. The release dates for sample replicates were: Replicate Date of release 1 September 3, 1996 2 September 12, 1996 3 September 26, 1996 4 October 10, 1996 5 (Reserve) September 26, 1996 (with replicate 3) 6 (Reserve) October 10, 1996 (with replicate 4) For a full description of the sample design and implementation, see the 1996 NATIONAL PRE/POST-ELECTION STUDY SAMPLE DESIGN. Pre-election study: assignment to telephone mode One of the administrative problems in fielding a panel study is that respondents have had an intervening period of time in which to relocate, perhaps at some remove from areas where field study staff are available to interview them. We estimated that between 40 and 80 respondents might have moved to areas in which SRC did not have interviewers in the field. Our priority was to interview as many panel respondents as possible, but we did not want to incur the additional costs associated with interviewer travel. Accordingly, panel respondents who had moved 'out-of-range' for a face-to-face interview were converted to phone mode. The criterion set for deciding if a case was 'out-of-range' was 90 minutes driving time one-way from the interviewer's home to the respondent's address under local usual driving conditions. The total number of panel respondents that we interviewed who were "out of range" for this reason was 47. Post-Election Mode Experiment: Design and Implementation In contrast with the usual NES practice of conducting all post-election interviews in person, half of the respondents in the post-election wave of the 1996 survey were interviewed by telephone, with post-election respondents randomly assigned (except in extreme circumstances) to phone or face-to-face administration. The telephone mode used the same computerized questionnaire developed for the face-to-face post-election interviews and was conducted by the same interviewers. The mode experiment provides a direct comparison of the effects of mode of interview on important indicators of data quality and comparability. Cases were assigned to either telephone or face-to-face mode at the sample segment level. Every effort to retain randomly assigned cases in their assigned mode was made. Respondents who had been interviewed by telephone in the pre-election study were disqualified from random assignment to mode; all those reinterviews were done by telephone, a total of 47 cases. Respondents who did not have telephones and respondents who were not able to participate in the mode experiment because of a physical limitation that prevented them from being interviewed by one mode or another were also excluded, which totaled 130 additional cases (24 of these were completed by telephone). No changes in mode of interview because of respondent preference or for ease of administration were permitted. All prospective respondents received two incentives in the mail: a check for $10 and a small gift. Included in the mailing to telephone mode respondents was a sealed respondent booklet with the candidate ballot folded inside. The contact letter instructed respondents to set these materials aside until told to open them by the interviewer. Interviewers followed procedures to ascertain that respondents were using the booklet and ballot card appropriately and to note deviations from the instructions. Evaluation of problems in study implementation Two implementation problems arose in the post-election field administration. This resulted in two unintended systematic deviations from standard administration. 145 cases in the phone mode were mailed a respondent booklet that included the wrong ballot card. As soon as this problem was discovered, new respondent booklets with correct ballot cards were mailed by overnight mail to these respondents. Approximately 50 interviews were conducted where the respondent had the incorrect ballot card; in these cases interviewers read the correct ballot card information to the respondent. A full report to be issued will analyze these data to identify any systematic differences related to this implementation error. It was discovered early in the data collection period that 39 interviews were completed using the training version of the survey instrument, due to a technical problem in transmitting files to the field. The training version contained no randomized presentation of questions and lacked several last minute changes to the interview. Call-backs to 37 of these 39 respondents allowed us to collect data on the several missed questions. A report analyzing these cases for differential impact of the use of the training questionnaire is in preparation. RESPONSE RATES The response rate in the pre-election study was 71%. Among panel respondents the response (reinterview) rate was 76%; among cross-section respondents it was 60%. The overall reinterview/response rate in the post-election interviewing was 90%. Among panel respondents in the post-election survey, the response rate was 91% and among cross-section respondents it was 85%. The response rate in face-to-face mode (including all cases in this mode, experimentally assigned and excluded) was 89% and for telephone mode it was 91%. INTERVIEW COMPLETION RATE Completion rates for the pre-election sample releases, for pre-election time periods, and for post-election time periods are presented here. Table 1 presents the percentage completions per quarter sample replicate (replicates 3 and 4 include the reserve cases added to those replicates); table 2 shows the percentage of completions per two week time period in the pre-election survey. Table 3 lays out the number of interviews taken for each week elapsing after the Nov. 5 General Election. In 1996, 29% of the interviews were completed in the first week after the election and 86% in the first three weeks; progress was evenly divided between face-to-face and telephone modes. Table 1: % Completions by release (pre-election survey) RELEASE Total Panel Cross-section 1 28% 28% 18% 2 27 27 24 3+5 23 23 23 4+6 23 22 25 Table 2: Percent Completions by two week period (pre-election survey) DATES Total Panel Cross-section 9/3-9/16 19% 20% 18% 9/17-10/1 24 24 22 10/2-10/16 23 23 23 10/17-10/30 24 24 26 10/31-11/4 10 10 12 Table 3: Number of and Cumulative Percent of Interviews Taken in the Post-Election Study by Week of Interview DATES NUMBER OF CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE INTERVIEWS NUMBER OF PERCENT OF INTERVIEWS INTERVIEWS Nov. 6-Nov.12 449 449 29% Nov.13-Nov.19 551 1000 65 Nov.20-Nov.26 314 1314 86 Nov.27-Dec. 3 91 1405 92 Dec.4- Dec. 10 84 1489 97 Dec.11-Dec.17 32 1521 99 Dec.18-Dec.24 10 1531 99 Dec.25-Dec.31 3 1534 100% >> 1996 FILE STRUCTURE The AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1996 PRE- AND POST-ELECTION SURVEY are available in logical record length (LRECL) format. The data are sorted in ascending order by respondent number, and contain 1,657 variables for 1714 respondents. The machine-readable codebook, which provides complete formatting and other information for all variables accompanies the data. In addition, a set of SAS and SPSS control statements has been prepared for this collection. The control statements contain formatting information as well as variable labels, value labels and missing data specifications for all variables in the collection. The data can also be accessed directly through software packages that do not use SAS or SPSS control statements by specifying the record locations of the desired variables. The record locations for all variables are provided in the codebook. NOTES ON CONFIDENTIALITY Starting with the 1986 Election Study, NES has released occupation code variables in somewhat less detail than in years past. This dataset includes a two-digit code with 71 categories corresponding to Census Bureau occupational groupings. Those who need the full occupation code for their research should contact the NES project staff for information about the conditions under which access may be provided. Similarly, the National Election Studies have not included information for census tracts or minor civil divisions since 1978. Permission to use the more detailed geographic information for scholarly research may be obtained from the Board of Overseers. More information about this is available from NES project staff. Coding of the new religious denomination variable is in some cases based on an alphabetic "other, please specify" variable. This variable is restricted for reasons of confidentiality, but access may be provided to legitimate scholars under established NES procedures. OPEN-ENDED MATERIALS Traditionally, the National Election Studies have contained several minutes of open-ended responses (for example, the candidate likes and dislikes). These questions are put into Master Codes by the SRC coding section. Other scholars have developed alternative or supplemental coding schemes for the questions (for example, the levels of conceptualization, released as ICPSR 8151). The Board of Overseers wishes to encourage these efforts but in ways which respect the NES and SRC obligation to protect the privacy and anonymity of respondents. Circumstances under which individuals may have access to transcribed versions of these questions have been worked out and those interested should contact the NES project staff for further details. >>1996 SPECIAL NOTE - CHANGES IN CODING BETWEEN PRE AND POST Several questions which were asked in the Pre-election interview and then asked again in the Post-Election interview had some differences between the versions used. Variables where pre and post codes (and some code labels) don't match on repeated questions: Pre Post 960369 1273 (code 4 label; Respon. booklet identical both waves) 960371 1275 ( " " " " " " " " ) 960370 1274 ( " " " " " " " " ) 960375 1277 ( " " " " " " " " ) 960376 1278 ( " " " " " " " " ) 960377 1279 ( " " " " " " " " ) 960378 1280 ( " " " " " " " " ) 960566 1251 (code 7 in Pre; code 4 in Post) 960569 1259 (codes 1,2 in Pre; codes 1,5 in Post) For variables 960369-371,960375-378 / 961273-1275,961277-1280 (7-point liberal-conservative scale questions) the differences appeared onscreen to the interviewer but the labeled Respondent Booklet was accurate (complete code 4 label) and identical for both interviews. >> NEW WEIGHTS FOR THE 1996 STUDY (RELEASED MARCH 1998) The steps taken to address the 1996 NES overestimation of voting in the 1996 presidential election resulted in the development of post-stratified weights which account for individual selection probability, geographic related household nonresponse, and misrepresentation of any age by education subgroups. These revised, CPS-standardized weights were computed for the 1992 NES Pre and Post (1992 fresh cross-section component), the 1994 NES Post and the 1996 NES Pre and Post Election data sets. Users of previous weights released with the 1994 and 1996 data will find that these weights extend and combine the features of previously released weights (the 1992 weight will be incorporated into the forthcoming 1992-1994-1996 Combined File). V960005a and V960005b, the two new weight variables for 1996, are released for the first time with this version of the 1996 NES data. A review of the findings that led to the construction of these new weights and full details of their development and effect are described in Appendix G, "Post-Stratified Cross-sectional Analysis Weights for the 1992, 1994 and 1996 NES Data." The recommendation to explore developing these weights was made by Warren Miller and Merrill Shanks and authorized by the NES Board of Overseers at its September 1997 meeting. The SRC Sampling Section, under the direction of Steve Heeringa, completed the work and the technical report in consultation with the NES Director of Studies. There are two weights, one to be applied to the pre-election sample (V960005a) and the other which is for use with the post-election sample (V960005b). The post-election sample weight takes into account attrition that occurred between the pre- and post-election surveys. In analyses using variables from the pre- and post-election data, the post-election weight should be applied. Use of either weight is appropriate only for the full sample, cross-section and panel cases combined. >> 1996 CODEBOOK INFORMATION The format for the NES 1996 codebook differs from that of previous years due to changes in production mode; the codebook is no longer Osiris-generated. However, there are close similarities to the Osiris-generated codebooks of past studies. An example of a 1996 codebook (variable) record appears below with some explanatory material. The annotations refer to portions of the codebook record according to the numbers [1] - [10] .............................................................................. [1] [2] [3] V960021 Numeric COLUMNS 85- 85 Missing Value 9 [4] [5] Admin.11 [6] PRE-ELECTION - Was interview tape recorded ------------------------------------------------------------------- [7] 168 1. Yes 1288 5. No 258 9. NA [8] [9] [10] .............................................................................. [1] This is the variable name according to the SAS and SPSS data definition files which accompany the raw data. Most of the names begin with 'V' followed by a number. [2] This describes whether the variable is character or numeric. If a numeric variable has decimal places, it appears below the variable type. If a numeric variable has no indication for decimal places, then there are 0 decimal places. [3] Column locations (beginning and ending) in the raw ASCII data file are provided. [4] Missing values, if they appear, identify the codes which are by default assigned to missing data in the SAS and SPSS data definition files which accompany the raw ASCII data. In the example above, the value 9 is considered missing data and is so assigned in the SAS and SPSS data definition files. If two missing data values appear, the second will appear preceded by "GE" to designate that codes equal to or greater than it are missing data. [5] This is the question number. The survey questions have alphanumeric numbering (e.g. A1); the processing and administration variables have question numbers which are identified with the type of variable, for example, Iwr.1 is the first variable describing the interviewer. [6] This is the question text for the administered question; it can also be, as in this example, a description of the processing or administration variable. All question text appears above the dashed line. [7] Explanatory notes or other material provided by NES may appear below the dashed line, preceding the code values. [8] These are the frequency counts for the code values. The frequency counts are unweighted in 1996. [9] These are the code values representing response categories used for the question. [10] These are the code labels for the numbered response categories (code values). "DK" is equivalent to "don't know," "NA" represents "not ascertained" and "INAP" indicates "inappropriate" (not applicable). >> 1996 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST ICSPRNO ICPSR Study Number EDITION ICPSR Edition Number PARTNO ICPSR Part Number RELDATE ICPSR Release Date 960001 Pre. 1996 Case ID 960002 Pre. 1996 Panel/Cross indicator 960003 Pre. 1996 Full sample weight 960004 Pre. 1996 Panel-only weight 960005 Pre. 1996 Time-series weight 960005a Pre. New 1996 Time-series weight - Pre 960005b Pre. New 1996 Time-series weight - Post 960006 Pre. 1995 Case ID (panel) 960007 Pre. 1994 Case ID (panel) 960008 Pre. 1993 Case ID (panel) 960009 Pre. 1992 Case ID (panel) 960010 Pre. 1996 Pre Only or Pre-and-Post 960010A Pre. Time Series participation 1992,1994,1996 960010B Pre. Panel participation summary 960011 Pre. Day of interview 960012 Pre. Month of interview 960013 Pre. Number of days between pre IW and election day 960014 Pre. Beginning time 960015 Pre. Ending time 960016 Pre. Interview length in minutes 960017 Pre. Interview number 960018 Pre. Date of beginning VQ file 960019 Pre. Date of ending VQ file 960020 Pre. Payment amount 960021 Pre. Was interview tape recorded 960022 Pre. Verification indicator 960023 Pre. Evaluation indicator 960024 Pre. Refusal conversion indicator 960025 Pre. Was persuasion letter sent 960026 Pre. Type of persuasion letter 960027 Pre. Number of telephone calls 960028 Pre. Number of face to face calls 960029 Pre. Total number of calls (Phone + FtF) 960030 Pre. Final result code 960031 Pre. Beginning interview mode 960031A Pre. Mode summary - pre and post 960032 Pre. Ending interview mode 960033 Pre. Sample release 960034 Pre. Sample release summary 960035 Pre. Question 'form' summary 960036 Pre. (Panel only) Does R still live at address on sample label 960037 Pre. (Panel only) New address is: 960038 Pre. Panel - correct name, birth date and gender on coversheet 960039 Pre. Panel - coversheet name marked different 960040 Pre. Panel coversheet - gender marked different 960041 Pre. Panel coversheet - birth data marked different 960042 Pre. Cross - Household listing obtained from 960043 Pre. Cross - Selection table 960044 Pre. Cross - Person number selected as R 960045 Pre. Cross - Total number of persons in HH 960046 Pre. Cross - Total number of eligible adults in HU 960046A Pre. Panel and Cross - Total number of eligible adults in HU 960047 Pre. Cross - Household composition code 960048 Pre. Cross - Number of children under 6 years old in household 960049 Pre. Cross - Number of children 6-9 years old in household 960050 Pre. Cross - Number of children 10-13 years old in household 960051 Pre. Cross - Number of children 14-17 years old in household 960052 Pre. Type of structure in which the respondent lives 960053 Pre. Is there a blding manager, security grd, other gatekeeper 960054 Pre. Type of blding manager, security grd, or other gatekeeper 960055 Pre. Did R refuse initially 960056 Pre. Did R break any appointment 960057 Pre. Was there resistance from R 960058 Pre. R Resistance: Waste of time; previous bad experience 960059 Pre. R Resistance: Very ill 960060 Pre. R Resistance: Too busy 960061 Pre. R Resistance: Stressful family situation 960062 Pre. R Resistance: Confidentiality 960063 Pre. R Resistance: Invasion of privacy 960064 Pre. R Resistance: No reason given 960065 Pre. R Resistance: Other 960066 Pre. R's gender 960067 Pre. R race 960068 Pre. Others present during IW 960069 Pre. R's cooperation 960070 Pre. R's general level of info about politics, public affairs 960071 Pre. R's apparent intelligence 960072 Pre. How suspicious did R seem to be about the study 960073 Pre. R's interest in the interview 960074 Pre. R's sincerity 960075 Pre. Did R reported income correctly 960076 Pre. Estimate of what R's actual family income is 960077 Pre. R's reaction to interview 1 960078 Pre. R's reaction to interview 2 960079 Pre. R's reaction to interview 3 960080 Pre. R's reaction to interview 4 960081 Pre. R's reaction to interview 5 960082 Pre. R's reaction to interview 6 960083 Pre. R's reaction to interview 7 960084 Pre. R's reaction to interview 8 960085 Pre. R's reaction to interview 9 960086 Pre. R's reaction to interview 10 960087 Pre. R's reaction to interview 11 960088 Pre. Interviewer of record ID 960089 Pre. Supervisor ID 960090 Pre. Interviewer gender 960091 Pre. Interviewer education 960092 Pre. Interviewer race 960093 Pre. Interviewer ethnicity 960094 Pre. Interviewer languages 960095 Pre. Interviewer experience 960096 Pre. Interviewer age (bracketed) 960097 Pre. House race type 960098 Pre. Senate race type 960099 Pre. Democratic House candidate code 960100 Pre. Republican House candidate code 960101 Pre. Retiring House Representative code 960102 Pre. Democratic Senate candidate code 960103 Pre. Republican Senate candidate code 960104 Pre. Retiring Senator code 960105 Pre. State abbreviation and congressional district 960105A Pre. State and CD of Rs who voted out of CD of Interview 960106 Pre. State code and congressional district 960106A Pre. State and Congressional District 1994 (Panel) 960106B Pre. State and Congressional District 1992 (Panel) 960106C Pre. State and Congressional District 1993 (Panel) 960107 Pre. Congressional district number 960108 Pre. FIPS state code 960109 Pre. ICPSR state code of Interview Location 960110 Pre. FIPS state and county 960111 Pre. Primary area name 960112 Pre. Primary area code 960113 Pre. Segment Number 960114 Pre. Number of household units 960115 Pre. 1996 Census region of Interview Location 960116 Pre. Census Region in 1994 (Panel Respondents) 960117 Pre. Census Region in 1992 (Panel Respondents) 960118 Pre. Belt Code 960119 Pre. Population in 1000s 960120 Pre. Size of Place 960121 Pre. 1980 Census tract/ed indicator 960122 Pre. 1996 Sampling Error Code 960122A Pre. 1994 Sampling error code 960122B Pre. 1992 Sampling error code 960123 Pre. 1980 SMSA 960124 Pre. 1990 SMSA/NECMA 960125 Pre. 1990 CMSA 960126 Pre. 1990 Census Tract 1 960126A Pre. 1990 Census Tract 2 960127 Pre. Flag - changed congressional race status 960128 Pre. Race type at time of interview 960129 Pre. CD error flag - Pre 960129A Pre. CD error flag - Post 960130 Pre. Was R's Congressional District redistricted in 1996 960131 Pre. (Panel only) Move status 1994-1996 960131A Pre. Move status 1996 Pre-1996 Post 960201 Pre. How interested has R been in campaigns this year 960202 Pre. How much does R care who wins the presidential election 960203 Pre. Did R vote for President in the 1992 election 960204 Pre. For whom did R vote in the 1992 presidential race 960205 Pre. Anything that would make R vote for Clinton ("likes") 960206 Pre. What would make R vote for Clinton ("likes") #1 960207 Pre. What would make R vote for Clinton ("likes") #2 960208 Pre. What would make R vote for Clinton ("likes") #3 960209 Pre. What would make R vote for Clinton ("likes") #4 960210 Pre. What would make R vote for Clinton ("likes") #5 960211 Pre. Anything that would make R vote agnst Clinton ("dislikes") 960212 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Clinton ("dislikes") #1 960213 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Clinton ("dislikes") #2 960214 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Clinton ("dislikes") #3 960215 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Clinton ("dislikes") #4 960216 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Clinton ("dislikes") #5 960217 Pre. Anything that would make R vote for Dole ("likes") 960218 Pre. What would make R vote for Dole ("likes") #1 960219 Pre. What would make R vote for Dole ("likes") #2 960220 Pre. What would make R vote for Dole ("likes") #3 960221 Pre. What would make R vote for Dole ("likes") #4 960222 Pre. What would make R vote for Dole ("likes") #5 960223 Pre. Anything that would make R vote agnst Dole ("dislikes") 960224 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Dole ("dislikes") #1 960225 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Dole ("dislikes") #2 960226 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Dole ("dislikes") #3 960227 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Dole ("dislikes") #4 960228 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Dole ("dislikes") #5 960229 Pre. Anything that would make R vote for Perot ("likes") 960230 Pre. What would make R vote for Perot ("likes") #1 960231 Pre. What would make R vote for Perot ("likes") #2 960232 Pre. What would make R vote for Perot ("likes") #3 960233 Pre. What would make R vote for Perot ("likes") #4 960234 Pre. What would make R vote for Perot ("likes") #5 960235 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Perot ("dislikes") 960236 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Perot ("dislikes") #1 960237 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Perot ("dislikes") #2 960238 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Perot ("dislikes") #3 960239 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Perot ("dislikes") #4 960240 Pre. What would make R vote agnst Perot ("dislikes") #5 960241 Pre. Does R have cable or satellite TV 960242 Pre. How many days in past week R watched nat'l news on TV 960243 Pre. Attention R paid to TV nat news shows about pres campaign 960244 Pre. How many days in past week R watched the local news on TV 960245 Pre. Attention R paid to local TV news shows about pres campaign 960246 Pre. How many days in past week R read the newspaper 960247 Pre. Did R read about presidential campaign in the newspaper 960248 Pre. Attention R paid to presidential campaign in the newspaper 960249 Pre. Does R recall seeing any ads for political cand on TV 960250 Pre. R recall of cand who sponsored political ad remembers best 960251 Pre. Content of political ad R remembers best -- #1 960252 Pre. Content of political ad R remembers best -- #2 960253 Pre. Content of political ad R remembers best -- #3 960254 Pre. Content of political ad R remembers best -- #4 960255 Pre. Content of political ad R remembers best -- #5 960256 Pre. Does R care about result of House election 960257 Pre. Does R remember names of House candidates in R's district 960258 Pre. R's recall of name of House candidate (first mention) 960259 Pre. R's recall of party of House candidate (first mention) 960260 Pre. Actual party of House candidate recalled by R (#1 mention) 960261 Pre. Accuracy of R's recall of House candidate (#1 mention) 960262 Pre. R's recall of name of House candidate (#2 mention) 960263 Pre. R's recall of party of House candidate (#2 mention) 960264 Pre. Actual party of House candidate recalled by R (#2 mention) 960265 Pre. Accuracy of R's recall of House candidate (#2 mention) 960266 Pre. R's recall of name of House candidate (#3 mention) 960267 Pre. R's recall of party of House candidate (#3 mention) 960268 Pre. Actual party of House candidate recalled by R (#3 mention) 960269 Pre. Accuracy of R's recall of House candidate (#3 mention) 960270 Pre. Does R approve or disapprove of Congress 960271 Pre. Does R strongly approve or disapprove of Congress 960272 Pre. Clinton feeling thermometer 960273 Pre. Dole feeling thermometer 960274 Pre. Perot feeling thermometer 960275 Pre. Gore feeling thermometer 960276 Pre. Kemp feeling thermometer 960277 Pre. Choate feeling thermometer 960277A Pre. Campbell feeling thermometer 960278 Pre. Democratic House candidate feeling thermometer 960279 Pre. Republican House candidate feeling thermometer 960280 Pre. Retiring House incumbent feeling thermometer 960281 Pre. Hillary Clinton feeling thermometer 960282 Pre. Pat Buchanan feeling thermometer 960283 Pre. Jesse Jackson feeling thermometer 960284 Pre. Newt Gingrich feeling thermometer 960285 Pre. Colin Powell feeling thermometer 960286 Pre. Steve Forbes feeling thermometer 960287 Pre. Phil Gramm feeling thermometer 960288 Pre. Louis Farrakhan feeling thermometer 960289 Pre. Lamar Alexander feeling thermometer 960290 Pre. Elizabeth Dole feeling thermometer 960291 Pre. Pat Robertson feeling thermometer 960292 Pre. Democratic Party feeling thermometer 960293 Pre. Republican Party feeling thermometer 960294 Pre. Political parties feeling thermometer 960295 Pre. Does R approve or disapprove of Clinton 960296 Pre. Does R strgly approve or disapprove of Clinton 960297 Pre. Does R app/disapp of Clinton's handling of the econ 960298 Pre. Does R strgly app/disapp of Clinton's handling of the econ 960299 Pre. Does R app/disapp of Clinton's handling of foreign rels 960300 Pre. Does R strgly app or disapp Clinton's handling for relat 960301 Pre. Does R app or disapp Clinton's handling the environment 960302 Pre. Does R strgly app or disapp of Clinton's hand of the envir 960303 Pre. Does R approve or disapprove of Clinton's hand of hlth care 960304 Pre. Does R strgly app or disapp of Clinton's hand of hlth care 960305 Pre. Which pres cand would do the best job of protect enviro 960306 Pre. Which pres cand would do the best job of reducing budget def 960307 Pre. Which pres cand would do the best job of improve education 960308 Pre. Which pres cand would do the best job of campgn reform 960309 Pre. Which pres cand would be most likely to raise taxes 960310 Pre. Which pres cand would be most likely to cut Soc Security 960311 Pre. Is Clinton or Congress more to blame for the budget def 960312 Pre. (Interviewer checkpoint) Was R random selected for q F1-F4 960313 Pre. Is there anything R likes about the Republican Party 960314 Pre. What does R like about the Republican Party #1 960315 Pre. What does R like about the Republican Party #2 960316 Pre. What does R like about the Republican Party #3 960317 Pre. What does R like about the Republican Party #4 960318 Pre. What does R like about the Republican Party #5 960319 Pre. Is there anything R dislikes about the Republican Party 960320 Pre. What does R dislike about the Republican Party #1 960321 Pre. What does R dislike about the Republican Party #2 960322 Pre. What does R dislike about the Republican Party #3 960323 Pre. What does R dislike about the Republican Party #4 960324 Pre. What does R dislike about the Republican Party #5 960325 Pre. Is there anything R likes about the Democrat Party 960326 Pre. What does R like about the Democrat Party #1 960327 Pre. What does R like about the Democrat Party #2 960328 Pre. What does R like about the Democrat Party #3 960329 Pre. What does R like about the Democrat Party #4 960330 Pre. What does R like about the Democrat Party #5 960331 Pre. Is there anything R dislikes about the Democrat Party 960332 Pre. What does R dislike about the Democrat Party #1 960333 Pre. What does R dislike about the Democrat Party #2 960334 Pre. What does R dislike about the Democrat Party #3 960335 Pre. What does R dislike about the Democrat Party #4 960336 Pre. What does R dislike about the Democrat Party #5 960337 Pre. Is R better or worse off financially than a year ago 960338 Pre. Is R much better or worse off financially than a year ago 960339 Pre. Does R think R will be better or worse off financ next yr 960340 Pre. Does R think R will be much better/worse off financ next yr 960341 Pre. Has Clinton ever made R feel angry 960342 Pre. How often has Clinton made R feel angry 960343 Pre. Has Clinton ever made R feel hopeful 960344 Pre. How often has Clinton made R feel hopeful 960345 Pre. Has Clinton ever made R feel afraid 960346 Pre. How often has Clinton made R feel afraid 960347 Pre. Has Clinton ever made R feel proud 960348 Pre. How often has Clinton made R feel proud 960349 Pre. Has Dole ever made R feel angry 960350 Pre. How often has Dole made R feel angry 960351 Pre. Has Dole ever made R feel hopeful 960352 Pre. How often has Dole made R feel hopeful 960353 Pre. Has Dole ever made R feel afraid 960354 Pre. How often has Dole made R feel afraid 960355 Pre. Has Dole ever made R feel proud 960356 Pre. How often has Dole made R feel proud 960357 Pre. Has Perot ever made R feel angry 960358 Pre. How often has Perot made R feel angry 960359 Pre. Has Perot ever made R feel hopeful 960360 Pre. How often has Perot made R feel hopeful 960361 Pre. Has Perot ever made R feel afraid 960362 Pre. How often has Perot made R feel afraid 960363 Pre. Has Perot ever made R feel proud 960364 Pre. How often has Perot made R feel proud 960365 Pre. R's self-placement on liberal/conservative scale 960366 Pre. If R had to choose, would R be lib or con 960367 Pre. How certain is R of self-placement on lib/con scale 960368 Pre. Summary of R's self-placement on lib/con scale 960369 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on liberal-con scale 960370 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Clinton on lib/con scale 960371 Pre. R's placement of Dole on lib-con scale 960372 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Dole on lib/con scale 960373 Pre. R's placement of Perot on lib-con scale 960374 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Perot on lib/con scale 960375 Pre. R's placement of Dem Hse cand on lib/con scale 960376 Pre. How certain is R of place of Dem Hse cand on lib/con scale 960377 Pre. R's placement of Rep Hse cand on lib/con scale 960378 Pre. How certain is R of place of Rep Hse cand on lib/con scale 960379 Pre. R's placement of Democratic Party on lib/con scale 960380 Pre. R's placement of Republican Party on lib/con scale 960381 Pre. Who does R think will be elected President 960382 Pre. Does R think the Presidential race will be close 960383 Pre. Which Pres cand does R think will carry R's state 960384 Pre. R think the Pres race will be close in R's state 960385 Pre. R think econ has gotten better/worse over past year 960386 Pre. R think econ has gotten much better/worse over past year 960387 Pre. R expect econ to get better/worse over the next year 960388 Pre. R expect econ to get much better or worse over the next year 960389 Pre. R think the stand of living will be better or worse in 20 yrs 960390 Pre. Have fed govt policy made the nation's econ better or worse 960391 Pre. Have fed gov policy made nation's econ much better or worse 960392 Pre. R think the budg def incr/decr under Clinton 960393 Pre. R think the budg def incr/decr a lot under Clinton 960394 Pre. R think avg fed income tax incr/decr under Clinton 960395 Pre. R think the avg fed income tax incr/decr a lot under Clinton 960396 Pre. (Interviewer checkpoint) Was R randomly select for q H4a-H8 960397 Pre. Which party would do a better job handling the economy 960398 Pre. Which party would do a better job handling for aff 960399 Pre. Which party would do a better job hlth care afford 960400 Pre. Which party would do a better job reform welfare 960401 Pre. Which party would do a better job hand the poverty prob 960402 Pre. Which party would do a better job hand the budget deficit 960403 Pre. Which party would do a better job hand the enviro 960404 Pre. Which party would do a better job dealing with crime 960405 Pre. Which party would be more likely to cut soc security 960406 Pre. Which party would be more likely to improve race relat 960407 Pre. Which party would be more likely to raise taxes 960408 Pre. Which party would be more likely to keep out of war 960409 Pre. Has the US pos in the world grown str/weaker in the past year 960410 Pre. Should the US not concern itself with problems abroad 960411 Pre. How willing should the US be to use military force 960412 Pre. Does R favor a 12-year term limit on members of Congress 960413 Pre. Does R know if either House cand the incumb 960414 Pre. Candidate code of recalled incumb (two-cand race) 960415 Pre. Does R know if the unopposed Hse cand is the incumbent 960416 Pre. Candidate code of recalled incumbent (unopposed race) 960417 Pre. R's party identification 960418 Pre. Strength of R's party identification 960419 Pre. (If R is independent/no preference) R closer to one party 960420 Pre. Summary of R's party identification 960421 Pre. Does R consider Clinton intelligent 960422 Pre. Does R consider Clinton compassionate 960423 Pre. Does R consider Clinton moral 960424 Pre. How certain is R about whether Clinton is moral 960425 Pre. Does R consider Clinton inspiring 960426 Pre. Does R think that Clinton provides strong leadership 960427 Pre. Does R think that Clinton really cares about people like R 960428 Pre. Does R consider Clinton knowledgeable 960429 Pre. Does R consider Clinton honest 960430 Pre. Does R think that Clinton gets things done 960431 Pre. How certain is R about whether Clinton gets things done 960432 Pre. Does R consider Dole moral 960433 Pre. How certain is R about whether Dole is moral 960434 Pre. Does R consider Dole inspiring 960435 Pre. Does R think that Dole provides strong leadership 960436 Pre. Does R think that Dole really cares about people like R 960437 Pre. Does R consider Dole knowledgeable 960438 Pre. Does R consider Dole honest 960439 Pre. Does R think that Dole gets things done 960440 Pre. How certain is R about whether Dole gets things done 960441 Pre. Does R consider Perot moral 960442 Pre. How certain is R about whether Perot is moral 960443 Pre. Does R consider Perot inspiring 960444 Pre. Does R think that Perot provides strong leadership 960445 Pre. Does R think that Perot really cares about people like R 960446 Pre. Does R consider Perot knowledgeable 960447 Pre. Does R consider Perot honest 960448 Pre. Does R think that Perot gets things done 960449 Pre. How certain is R about whether Perot gets things done 960450 Pre. R's self-placement on services/spending scale 960451 Pre. How certain is R of self-place on service/spend scale 960452 Pre. How important is the services/spending issue to R 960453 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on services/spending scale 960454 Pre. How certain is R of place of Clinton on service/spend scale 960455 Pre. R's placement of Dole on services/spending scale 960456 Pre. How certain is R of place of Dole on service/spend scale 960457 Pre. R's placement of Perot on services/spending scale 960458 Pre. How certain is R of place of Perot on service/spend scale 960459 Pre. R's placement of Dem Hse cand on service/spending scale 960460 Pre. R's placement of Rep Hse cand on services/spending scale 960461 Pre. R's placement of Dem Party on services/spending scale 960462 Pre. R's placement of Rep Party on services/spending scale 960463 Pre. R's self-placement on defense spending scale 960464 Pre. How certain is R of self-plac on defense spending scale 960465 Pre. How important is the defense spending issue to R 960466 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on defense spending scale 960467 Pre. How certain is R of place of Clinton on defense spend scale 960468 Pre. How important does R think defense spending is to Clinton 960469 Pre. R's placement of Dole on defense spending scale 960470 Pre. How certain is R of place of Dole on defense spending scale 960471 Pre. How important does R think defense spending is to Dole 960472 Pre. R's placement of Perot on defense spending scale 960473 Pre. How certain is R of place of Perot on defense spend scale 960474 Pre. How important does R think defense spending is to Perot 960475 Pre. R's placement of Dem Hse candidate on defense spend scale 960476 Pre. R's placement of Rep Hse candidate on defense spending scale 960477 Pre. R's placement of Dem Party on defense spending scale 960478 Pre. R's place of Rep Party on defense spending scale 960479 Pre. R's self-placement on govt health insurance scale 960480 Pre. R's place of Clinton on govt hlth insurance scale 960481 Pre. R's place of Dole on gov hlth insurance scale 960482 Pre. R's place of Perot on govt hlth insurance scale 960483 Pre. R's self-placement on guar job/standard of living scale 960484 Pre. R's place of Clinton on guar job/standard of living scale 960485 Pre. R's place of Dole on guar job/standard of living scale 960486 Pre. R's place of Perot on guar job/standard of living scale 960487 Pre. R's self-place on aid to blacks scale 960488 Pre. How certain is R of self-place on aid to blacks scale 960489 Pre. How important is the aid to blacks issue to R 960490 Pre. R's place of Clinton on aid to blacks scale 960491 Pre. How certain is R of place of Clinton on aid to blacks scale 960492 Pre. R's place of Dole on aid to blacks scale 960493 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Dole on aid to blacks scale 960494 Pre. R's place of Perot on aid to blacks scale 960495 Pre. How certain is R of place of Perot on aid to blacks scale 960496 Pre. Spending on food stamps should be incr/decr 960497 Pre. Spending on welfare programs should be incr/decr 960498 Pre. Spending on AIDS research should be incr/decr 960499 Pre. Spending on foreign aid should be incr/decr 960500 Pre. Spending on aid to college students should be incr/decr 960501 Pre. Spending on the homeless should be incr/decr 960502 Pre. Spending on immigr control should be incr/decr 960503 Pre. R's self-placement on abortion issue 960504 Pre. How certain is R of self-placement on abortion issue 960505 Pre. How important is the abortion issue to R 960506 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on abortion issue 960507 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Clinton on abortion issue 960508 Pre. How important does R think the abortion issue is to Clinton 960509 Pre. R's placement of Dole on abortion issue 960510 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Dole on abortion issue 960511 Pre. How important does R think the abortion issue is to Dole 960512 Pre. R's placement of Perot on abortion issue 960513 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Perot on abortion issue 960514 Pre. How important does R think the abortion issue is to Perot 960515 Pre. R's placement of Dem House candidate on abortion issue 960516 Pre. R's placement of Rep House candidate on abortion issue 960517 Pre. R's placement of Dem Party on abortion issue 960518 Pre. R's placement of Rep Party on abortion issue 960519 Pre. R's self-placement on reduction of crime scale 960520 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on reduction of crime scale 960521 Pre. R's placement of Dole on reduction of crime scale 960522 Pre. R's placement of Perot on reduction of crime scale 960523 Pre. R's self-placement on jobs/environment scale 960524 Pre. How certain is R of self-placement on jobs/environment scale 960525 Pre. How important is the jobs/environment issue to R 960526 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on jobs/environment scale 960527 Pre. How certain is R of place of Clinton on jobs/enviro scale 960528 Pre. How important does R think jobs/enviro issue is to Clinton 960529 Pre. R's placement of Dole on jobs/environment scale 960530 Pre. How certain is R of place of Dole on jobs/enviro scale 960531 Pre. How important does R think jobs/enviro issue is to Dole 960532 Pre. R's placement of Perot on jobs/environment scale 960533 Pre. How certain is R of placement of Perot on jobs/enviro scale 960534 Pre. How important does R think jobs/enviro issue is to Perot 960535 Pre. R's placement of Dem Party on jobs/environment scale 960536 Pre. R's placement of Rep Party on jobs/environment scale 960537 Pre. R's self-placement on environmental regulation scale 960538 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on environmental regulation scale 960539 Pre. R's placement of Dole on environmental regulation scale 960540 Pre. R's placement of Perot on environmental regulation scale 960541 Pre. R's placement of Dem Party on enviro regulation scale 960542 Pre. R's placement of Rep Party on enviro regulation scale 960543 Pre. R's self-placement on women's rights scale 960544 Pre. R's placement of Clinton on women's rights scale 960545 Pre. R's placement of Dole on women's rights scale 960546 Pre. R's placement of Perot on women's rights scale 960547 Pre. Does R expect to vote in the national elections 960548 Pre. (Voters) For whom does R plan to vote for President 960549 Pre. (Voters) Strength of R's Presidential candidate preference 960550 Pre. (Nonvoters) For whom would R vote for President 960551 Pre. (Nonvoters) Strength of R's Presidential cand preference 960552 Pre. Who would R most like to see elected President 960553 Pre. Which other Pres cand would R find acceptable 960554 Pre. (Voters) For whom does R plan to vote for House 960555 Pre. (Voters) Candidate code of R's House vote 960556 Pre. (Voters) Strength of R's House candidate preference 960557 Pre. (Nonvoters) For whom would R vote for House 960558 Pre. (Nonvoters) Candidate code of R's preferred House candidate 960559 Pre. (Nonvoters) Strength of R's House candidate preference 960560 Pre. Spending on Soc Sec should be incr or decr 960561 Pre. Spending on env protection should be incr or decreased 960562 Pre. Spending on public schools should be increased or decreased 960563 Pre. Spending on crime reduction should be increased or decreased 960564 Pre. Spending on child care should be increased or decreased 960565 Pre. Spending on poor people should be incr/decr 960566 Pre. How much of the time does R trust the fed govt to do right 960567 Pre. Does R think that most people can be trusted 960568 Pre. Does R agree that "People like me have no say in government" 960569 Pre. Does R think that most pple would try to take advan of R 960570 Pre. How similar does R think other people are to R 960571 Pre. Is religion an important part of R's life 960572 Pre. How much guidance does religion provide in R's life 960573 Pre. How frequently does R pray 960574 Pre. How frequently does R read the Bible 960575 Pre. R's view on whether the Bible is the word of God 960576 Pre. Does R attend religious services (apart from special events) 960577 Pre. Does R consider himself/herself part of a church 960578 Pre. How frequently does R attend religious services 960579 Pre. Does R attend religious services more often than once a week 960580 Pre. (Interviewer checkpoint) Does R attend a place of worship 960581 Pre. Religious affiliation of R's place of worship 960582 Pre. R's religious affiliation 960583 Pre. (Protestant) R's church/denomination 960584 Pre. With what Baptist group is R's church affiliated 960585 Pre. (Baptist) Is R's church local or affil with a Baptist grp 960586 Pre. With what Lutheran group is R's church affiliated 960587 Pre. With what Methodist group is R's church affiliated 960588 Pre. With what Presbyterian group is R's church affiliated 960589 Pre. With what Reformed group is R's church affiliated 960590 Pre. With what Brethren group is R's church affiliated 960591 Pre. By "Christian" does R mean Disciples of Christ 960592 Pre. With what Church of Christ group is R's church affiliated 960593 Pre. With what Church of God group is R's church affiliated 960594 Pre. (Holiness or Pentecostal) What is R's church 960595 Pre. (Other Protestant group) What is the name/affil of R's church 960596 Pre. (Not Prot/Cath/Jewish) What is R's place of worship 960597 Pre. (R not alry ident as Chrst) Is R's place of worship Christian 960598 Pre. (Jewish) Is R (or R's place of worship) Orth, Conser, or Ref 960599 Pre. Is R officially a member of a place of worship 960600 Pre. Type of R's Christianity 960601 Pre. Is R a born-again Christian 960602 Pre. Summary of R's religion 960603 Pre. R's month of birth 960604 Pre. R's year of birth 960605 Pre. R's Age 960606 Pre. R's marital status 960607 Pre. Highest grade R has completed 960608 Pre. Has R earned a high school diploma/passed the GED 960609 Pre. Highest degree R has earned 960610 Pre. Summary of R's education 960611 Pre. Highest grade R's spouse has completed 960612 Pre. Has R's spouse earned a high sch diploma earned/pass the GED 960613 Pre. Highest degree R's spouse has earned 960614 Pre. Summary of R's spouse's education 960615 Pre. R's employment status 960616 Pre. R's employment status (collapsed) 960617 Pre. (Unemployed) Has R ever worked for pay 960618 Pre. (Unemployed) Past occupation code 960619 Pre. (Unemployed) Collapsed past occupation code 960620 Pre. (Unemployed) Past occupation prestige score 960621 Pre. (Unemployed) Past business/industry code 960622 Pre. (Unemployed) Was R self-employed 960623 Pre. (Unemployed) Did R work for the government 960624 Pre. (Unemployed) Has R worked for pay in the last six months 960625 Pre. (Unemployed) Hours per week R worked 960626 Pre. (Unemployed) Is R looking for work 960627 Pre. (Unemployed) How worried is R about finding work 960628 Pre. (Retired) Month of retirement 960629 Pre. (Retired) Year of retirement 960630 Pre. (Retired) Past occupation code 960631 Pre. (Retired) Collapsed past occupation code 960632 Pre. (Retired) Past occupation prestige score 960633 Pre. (Retired) Past business/industry code 960634 Pre. (Retired) Was R self-employed 960635 Pre. (Retired) Did R work for the government 960636 Pre. (Retired) Has R worked for pay in the last six months 960637 Pre. (Retired) Hours per week R worked 960638 Pre. (Retired) Is R currently working for pay 960639 Pre. (Retired) Is R looking for work 960640 Pre. (Retired) How worried is R about finding work 960641 Pre. (Disabled) Has R ever worked for pay 960642 Pre. (Disabled) Past occupation code 960643 Pre. (Disabled) Collapsed past occupation code 960644 Pre. (Disabled) Past occupation prestige score 960645 Pre. (Disabled) Past business/industry code 960646 Pre. (Disabled) Was R self-employed 960647 Pre. (Disabled) Did R work for the government 960648 Pre. (Disabled) Has R worked for pay in the last six months 960649 Pre. (Disabled) Hours per week R worked 960650 Pre. (Disabled) Is R currently working for pay 960651 Pre. (Disabled) Is R looking for work 960652 Pre. (Disabled) How worried is R about finding work 960653 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Is R currently working for pay 960654 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Has R worked for pay in the last 6 mos 960655 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Past occupation code 960656 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Collapsed past occupation code 960657 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Past occupation prestige score 960658 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Past business/industry code 960659 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Was R self-employed 960660 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Did R work for the government 960661 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Hours per week R worked 960662 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) Is R looking for work 960663 Pre. (Homemaker/Student) How worried is R about finding work 960664 Pre. (Working now) Occupation code 960665 Pre. (Working now) Collapsed occupation code 960666 Pre. (Working now) Occupation prestige score 960667 Pre. (Working now) Business/industry code 960668 Pre. (Working now) Is R self-employed 960669 Pre. (Working now) Does R work for the government 960670 Pre. (Working now) Hours per week R works 960671 Pre. (Working now) Is R satisfied with num hrs R works per week 960672 Pre. (Working now) How worried is R about losing job 960673 Pre. (Working now) Was R out of work in the last six months 960674 Pre. (Working now) Did R have reduction in wrk hrs in last 6 mos 960675 Pre. Stacked -- R occupation code 960676 Pre. Stacked -- R collapsed occupation code 960677 Pre. Stacked -- R occupation prestige score 960678 Pre. Stacked -- R business/industry code 960679 Pre. Stacked -- is R self-employed 960680 Pre. Stacked -- does R work for the government 960681 Pre. Stacked -- hours per week R worked 960682 Pre. Stacked -- how worried is R about finding/losing job 960683 Pre. Stacked -- has R worked for pay in the last six months 960684 Pre. Stacked -- is R looking for work 960685 Pre. Stacked -- has R ever worked for pay 960686 Pre. R's spouse's employment status 960687 Pre. R spouse employment status (collapsed) 960688 Pre. Has R's spouse ever worked for pay 960689 Pre. (Spouse retired) Month of retirement 960690 Pre. (Spouse retired) Year of retirement 960691 Pre. Is R's spouse currently working for pay 960692 Pre. Has R's spouse worked for pay in the last six months 960693 Pre. R's spouse's occupation code (1) 960694 Pre. R's spouse's occupation code (collapsed) (1) 960695 Pre. R's spouse's occupation prestige score (1) 960696 Pre. R's spouse's business/industry code (1) 960697 Pre. R's spouse's average hours worked per week (1) 960698 Pre. Do any of R's household members belong to a labor union 960699 Pre. R's household members who belong to a labor union 960700 Pre. (Interviewer checkpoint) is R the only hsehold member 14+ 960701 Pre. R's family income in 1995 960702 Pre. R's own income in 1995 960703 Pre. R's ethnic/nationality group -- MENTION 1 960704 Pre. R's ethnic/nationality group -- MENTION 2 960705 Pre. (Interviewer checkpoint) # of ethnic/national grps mentioned 960706 Pre. Ethnic/nationality group with which R most closely identifies 960707 Pre. Were both of R's parents born in the United States 960708 Pre. Is R of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent 960709 Pre. Category of Hispanic origin that best describes R 960710 Pre. R's father's occupation code 960711 Pre. Where did R grow up 960712 Pre. How long has R lived in R's present city 960713 Pre. How long has R lived in R's present house 960714 Pre. Does R own a home or pay rent 960715 Pre. How many miles does R drive in a typical day 960716 Pre. Clinton Position A4-A9a(5) Random [Likes/Dislikes] 960717 Pre. Dole Position A4-A9a(5) Random [Likes/Dislikes] 960718 Pre. Perot Position A4-A9a(5) Random [Likes/Dislikes] 960719 Pre. Gore Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960720 Pre. Kemp Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960721 Pre. Choate/Campbell Position Therm Random (D1d-D1w) 960722 Pre. Democratic Hse Cand Pos Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960723 Pre. Republican Hse Cand Pos Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960724 Pre. Retiring Hse Representative Position Therm Random (D1d-D1w) 960725 Pre. Hillary Clinton Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960726 Pre. Buchanan Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960727 Pre. Jackson Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960728 Pre. Gingrich Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960729 Pre. Powell Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960730 Pre. Forbes Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960731 Pre. Gramm Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960732 Pre. Farrakhan Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960733 Pre. Alexander Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960734 Pre. Elizabeth Dole Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960735 Pre. Robertson Position Thermometer Random (D1d-D1w) 960736 Pre. Democratic Party Position Thermometer Random (D2a-D2b) 960737 Pre. Republican Party Position Thermometer Random (D2a-D2b) 960738 Pre. Economy Position in Presidential Performance Random E2-E5 960739 Pre. Foreign Affairs Postion in Pres Performance Random E2-E5 960740 Pre. Environment Position in Pres Performance Random E2-E5 960741 Pre. Health Care Position in Pres Performance Random E2-E5 960742 Pre. Order: random Pres Cand names E6a-E6d,E7,E8 perform items 960743 Pre. Environment Position in Cand Performance Random E6a-E6b 960744 Pre. Budget Deficit Position in Cand Performance Random E6a-E6b 960745 Pre. Public Educ- Position in Cand Performance Random E6a-E6b 960746 Pre. Reduce Spec Interests -Pos in Cand Perform Random E6a-E6b 960747 Pre. Republican Party Position F1-F4a(5) Random [Likes/Dislikes] 960748 Pre. Democratic Party Position F1-F4a(5) Random [Likes/Dislikes] 960749 Pre. Clinton Position in G1a-G3d(1) Random [Pres Cand Affects] 960750 Pre. Dole Position in G1a-G3d(1) Random [Pres Candidate Affects] 960751 Pre. Perot Position in G1a-G3d(1) Random [Pres Cand Affects] 960752 Pre. Angry in G1a-G1d(1) Randomization [Clinton Affects] 960753 Pre. Hopeful in G1a-G1d(1) Randomization [Clinton Affects] 960754 Pre. Afraid in G1a-G1d(1) Randomization [Clinton Affects] 960755 Pre. Proud in G1a-G1d(1) Randomization [Clinton Affects] 960756 Pre. Angry in G2a-G2d(1) Randomization [Dole Affects] 960757 Pre. Hopeful in G2a-G2d(1) Randomization [Dole Affects] 960758 Pre. Afraid in G2a-G2d(1) Randomization [Dole Affects] 960759 Pre. Proud in G2a-G2d(1) Randomization [Dole Affects] 960760 Pre. Angry in G3a-G3d(1) Randomization [Perot Affects] 960761 Pre. Hopeful in G3a-G3d(1) Randomization [Perot Affects] 960762 Pre. Afraid in G3a-G3d(1) Randomization [Perot Affects] 960763 Pre. Proud in G3a-G3d(1) Randomization [Perot Affects] 960764 Pre. Clinton Pos in G5-G7a Random [Lib-Con Place of Pres.Cands] 960765 Pre. Dole Pos in G5-G7a Random [Lib-Con of Pres. Cand] 960766 Pre. Perot Pos in G5-G7a Random [Lib-Con of Pres. Cand] 960767 Pre. Dem Hse Cand Pos in G8-G9a Random [Lib-Con Hse Cand Pl] 960768 Pre. Rep Hse Cand Pos in G8-G9a Random [Lib-Con Hse Cand Pl] 960769 Pre. Dem Party Position in G10-G11 Random [Lib-Con Party Pl] 960770 Pre. Rep Party Position in G10-G11 Random [Lib-Con Party Pl] 960771 Pre. Order of randomized parties in H4a-H4h performance items 960772 Pre. Pos of Nation's Econ in H4a-H4h Rand [Pres Cand Perform] 960773 Pre. Pos of Foreign Affairs in H4a-H4h Rand [Pres Cand Perform] 960774 Pre. Pos of Health Care in H4a-H4h Random [Pres Cand Perform] 960775 Pre. Pos of Welfare Reform in H4a-H4h Random [Pres Cand Perform] 960776 Pre. Pos of Poverty in H4a-H4h Randomization [Pres Cand Perform] 960777 Pre. Pos of Budget Deficit in H4a-H4h Random [Pres Cand Perform] 960778 Pre. Pos of Pollut/Envir in H4a-H4h Random [Pres Cand Perform] 960779 Pre. Pos of Crime in H4a-H4h Random [Pres Cand Performance] 960780 Pre. Order of parties in H5 perform item [Cut Soc Security] 960781 Pre. Order of parties in H6 perform item [Imprve Race Relat] 960782 Pre. Order of parties in H7 perform item [Raise Taxes] 960783 Pre. Order of parties in H8 perform item [Keep Out of War] 960784 Pre. Order of House cand names in H13a [Incumbency Status] 960785 Pre. Pos of Intelligent in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960786 Pre. Pos of Compassionate in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960787 Pre. Pos of Moral in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960788 Pre. Pos of Inspiring in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960789 Pre. Pos of Strong Leadership in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960790 Pre. Pos of Really Cares in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960791 Pre. Pos of Knowledgeable in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960792 Pre. Pos of Honest in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960793 Pre. Pos of Gets Things Done in K2a-j Random [Clinton Traits] 960794 Pre. Pos of Dole in K3a-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Pres Cand Traits] 960795 Pre. Pos of Perot in K3a-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Pres Cand Traits] 960796 Pre. Pos of Moral in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Dole/PerotTraits] 960797 Pre. Pos of Inspiring in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Dole/PerotTraits] 960798 Pre. Pos of Strong Lead in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g [Dole/PerotTraits] 960799 Pre. Really Cares in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Dole/Perot 960800 Pre. Knowledgeable in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Dole/PerotTraits] 960801 Pre. Honest in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Dole/PerotTraits] 960802 Pre. Gets Things Done in K3-K3g/K4a-K4g Random [Dole/PerotTraits] 960803 Pre. Clinton in L1b-L1d Random [Pres Cand Services/Spend scales] 960804 Pre. Dole in L1b-L1d Random [Pres Cand Services/Spending scales] 960805 Pre. Perot in L1b-L1d Random [Pres Cand Services/Spending scales] 960806 Pre. Dem House Cand in L1e-L1f Random [Services/Spending scale] 960807 Pre. Rep House Cand in L1e-L1f Random [Services/Spending scale] 960808 Pre. Dem Party in L1g-L1h Random [Services/Spending scale] 960809 Pre. Rep Party in L1g-L1h Random [Services/Spending scale] 960810 Pre. Clinton in L2b-L2d Random [Defense Spending scale] 960811 Pre. Dole in L2b-L2d Random [Defense Spending scale] 960812 Pre. Perot in L2b-L2d Random [Defense Spending scale] 960813 Pre. Dem House cand in L2e-L2f Random [Defense Spending scale] 960814 Pre. Rep House cand in L2e-L2f Random [Defense Spending scale] 960815 Pre. Dem Party in L2e-L2f Random [Defense Spending scale] 960816 Pre. Rep Party in L2e-L2f Random [Defense Spending scale] 960817 Pre. Clinton in L3b-L3d Random [Gov Health Insurance scale] 960818 Pre. Dole in L3b-L3d Random [Gov Health Insurance scale] 960819 Pre. Perot in L3b-L3d Random [Gov Health Insurance scale] 960820 Pre. Clinton in L4b-L4d Random [Gov Gur Job/Standard of Livin 960821 Pre. Dole in L4b-L4d Random [Gov Gur Job/Standard of Living sc 960822 Pre. Perot in L4b-L4d Random [Gov Gur Job/Standard of Living s 960823 Pre. Clinton in L5b-L5d Randomization [Gov Ass to Blacks scale] 960824 Pre. Dole in L5b-L5d Randomization [Gov Ass to Blacks scale] 960825 Pre. Perot in L5b-L5d Randomization [Gov Ass to Blacks scale] 960826 Pre. Food Stamps in L6a-L6g Randomization [Federal Spending] 960827 Pre. Welfare Programs in L6a-L6g Randomization [Federal Spending] 960828 Pre. AIDS Research in L6a-L6g Randomization [Federal Spending] 960829 Pre. Foreign Aid in L6a-L6g Randomization [Federal Spending] 960830 Pre. Aid to College Students in L6a-L6g Random [Fed Spending] 960831 Pre. Assistance to the Homeless in L6a-L6g Random [Fed Spending] 960832 Pre. Prevent Illegal Immigr in L6a-L6g Random [Fed Spending] 960833 Pre. Clinton in M1b-M1d Random [Abortion Scale] 960834 Pre. Dole in M1b-M1d Random [Abortion Scale] 960835 Pre. Perot in M1b-M1d Random [Abortion Scale] 960836 Pre. Dem House Cand in M1e-M1f Random [Abortion Scale] 960837 Pre. Rep House Cand in M1e-M1f Random [Abortion Scale] 960838 Pre. Dem Party in M1g-M1h Randomization [Abortion Scale] 960839 Pre. Republican Party in M1g-M1h Random [Abortion Scale] 960840 Pre. Clinton in M2b-M2d Random [Crime Scale] 960841 Pre. Dole in M2b-M2d Random [Crime Scale] 960842 Pre. Perot in M2b-M2d Random [Crime Scale] 960843 Pre. Clinton in M3b-M3d Random [Jobs/Environment Scale] 960844 Pre. Dole in M3b-M3d Random [Jobs/Environment Scale] 960845 Pre. Perot in M3b-M3d Random [Jobs/Environment Scale] 960846 Pre. Dem Party in M3e-M3f Random [Jobs/Environment Scale] 960847 Pre. Rep Party in M3e-M3f Random [Jobs/Environment Scale] 960848 Pre. Clinton in M4b-M4d Random [Environmental Regulation Scale] 960849 Pre. Dole in M4b-M4d Random [Environmental Regulation Scale] 960850 Pre. Perot in M4b-M4d Random [Environmental Regulation Scale] 960851 Pre. Dem Party in M4e-M4f Random [Environmental Regulation Scale] 960852 Pre. Rep Party in M4e-M4f Random [Environmental Regulation Scale] 960853 Pre. Clinton in N1b-N1d Random [Women's Role] 960854 Pre. Dole in N1b-N1d Random [Women's Role] 960855 Pre. Perot in N1b-N1d Random [Women's Role] 960856 Pre. Pres. cand names in text of N3a [Who R Would Most Like Pres] 960857 Pre. Social Security Benefits in N5a-N5f [Federal Spending] 960858 Pre. Improve/Protect the Environment in N5a-N5f [Fed Spending] 960859 Pre. Public Schools in N5a-N5f [Federal Spending] 960860 Pre. Dealing with Crime in N5a-N5f [Federal Spending] 960861 Pre. Child Care in N5a-N5f [Federal Spending] 960862 Pre. Poor People in N5a-N5f [Federal Spending] 960900 Post. 1996 Post ID 960901 Post. Form of questionnaire 960902 Post. Day of interview 960903 Post. Month of interview 960904 Post. Number of days since election day 960905 Post. Beginning time (local) 960906 Post. Ending time (local) 960907 Post. Interview length in minutes 960908 Post. Interview number 960909 Post. Date of beginning VQ file 960910 Post. Date of ending VQ file 960911 Post. Respondent payment amount 960912 Post. Was the interview tape recorded 960913 Post. Verification indicator 960914 Post. Evaluation indicator 960915 Post. Refusal conversion indicator 960916 Post. Was R sent a persuasion letter 960917 Post. Type of persuasion letter sent to R 960918 Post. Number of telephone calls 960919 Post. Number of face to face calls 960920 Post. Total number of calls (phone + FtF) 960921 Post. Final result on interview 960922 Post. Beginning mode of interview 960923 Post. Ending mode of interview 960924 Post. R live at same address 960925 Post. R name/birth/gender same 960926 Post. Type of structure in which R lives 960927 Post. Did R refuse initially 960928 Post. Did R break any appointments 960929 Post. Was there resistance from this person 960930 Post. Reason for resistance - waste of time/bad experience 960931 Post. Reason for resistance - very ill 960932 Post. Reason for resistance - too busy 960933 Post. Reason for resistance - stressful family situation 960934 Post. Reason for resistance - confidentiality 960935 Post. Reason for resistance - invasion of privacy 960936 Post. Reason for resistance - no reason given 960937 Post. Reason for resistance - other 960938 Post. Others present at the interview 960939 Post. R's level of cooperation 960940 Post. R's level of information about politics 960941 Post. R's apparent intelligence 960942 Post. R's suspiciousness 960943 Post. R's interest in interview 960944 Post. R's sincerity 960945 Post. #1 reaction to interview 960946 Post. #2 reaction to interview 960947 Post. #3 reaction to interview 960948 Post. #4 reaction to interview 960949 Post. #5 reaction to interview 960950 Post. #6 reaction to interview 960951 Post. #7 reaction to interview 960952 Post. #8 reaction to interview 960953 Post. Interviewer of record ID 960954 Post. Field supervisor ID 960955 Post. Interviewer gender 960956 Post. Interviewer education 960957 Post. Interviewer race 960958 Post. Interviewer ethnicity 960959 Post. Interviewer languages 960960 Post. Interviewer experience 960961 Post. Interviewer age 961001 Post. R's interest in the political campaign 961002 Post. Did R watch any programs about the campaign 961003 Post. Amount of programs R watched about the campaign 961004 Post. Did R discuss politics with family/friends 961005 Post. Frequency of political discussion w/ friends/family 961006 Post. Does R recall names of congressional candidates 961007 Post. #1 recall - code 961008 Post. #1 recall - party 961009 Post. #1 recall - actual party 961010 Post. #1 recall - summary 961011 Post. #2 recall - code 961012 Post. #2 recall - party 961013 Post. #2 recall - actual party 961014 Post. #2 recall - summary 961015 Post. #3 recall - code 961016 Post. #3 recall - party 961017 Post. #3 recall - actual party 961018 Post. #3 recall - summary 961019 Post. Feeling thermometer - Bill Clinton 961020 Post. Feeling thermometer - Bob Dole 961021 Post. Feeling thermometer - Ross Perot 961022 Post. Feeling thermometer - Democratic House Candidate 961023 Post. Feeling thermometer - Republican House Candidate 961024 Post. Feeling thermometer - Retiring House Candidate 961025 Post. Feeling thermometer - Supreme Court 961026 Post. Feeling thermometer - Congress 961027 Post. Feeling thermometer - The military 961028 Post. Feeling thermometer - Federal government 961029 Post. Feeling thermometer - blacks 961030 Post. Feeling thermometer - whites 961031 Post. Feeling thermometer - conservatives 961032 Post. Feeling thermometer - liberals 961033 Post. Feeling thermometer - labor unions 961034 Post. Feeling thermometer - big business 961035 Post. Feeling thermometer - poor people 961036 Post. Feeling thermometer - people on welfare 961037 Post. Feeling thermometer - Hispanics 961038 Post. Feeling thermometer - Christian fundamentalists 961039 Post. Feeling thermometer - the women's movement 961040 Post. Feeling thermometer - older people 961041 Post. Feeling thermometer - environmentalists 961042 Post. Feeling thermometer - gay men and lesbians 961043 Post. Feeling thermometer - the Christian coalition 961044 Post. Was there anything R liked about Dem House candidate 961045 Post. #1 mention - R like of Democratic House candidate 961046 Post. #2 mention - R like of Democratic House candidate 961047 Post. #3 mention - R like of Democratic House candidate 961048 Post. #4 mention - R like of Democratic House candidate 961049 Post. #5 mention - R like of Democratic House candidate 961050 Post. Was there anything R disliked about Dem House candidate 961051 Post. #1 mention - R dislike of Democratic House candidate 961052 Post. #2 mention - R dislike of Democratic House candidate 961053 Post. #3 mention - R dislike of Democratic House candidate 961054 Post. #4 mention - R dislike of Democratic House candidate 961055 Post. #5 mention - R dislike of Democratic House candidate 961056 Post. Was there anything R liked about Repub House candidate 961057 Post. #1 mention - R like of Republican House candidate 961058 Post. #2 mention - R like of Republican House candidate 961059 Post. #3 mention - R like of Republican House candidate 961060 Post. #4 mention - R like of Republican House candidate 961061 Post. #5 mention - R like of Republican House candidate 961062 Post. Was there anything R disliked about Repub House cand 961063 Post. #1 mention - R dislike of Republican House candidate 961064 Post. #2 mention - R dislike of Republican House candidate 961065 Post. #3 mention - R dislike of Republican House candidate 961066 Post. #4 mention - R dislike of Republican House candidate 961067 Post. #5 mention - R dislike of Republican House candidate 961068 Post. Does R know if either House candidate is the incumbent 961069 Post. Code of candidate recalled as House incumbent 961070 Post. If only 1 candidate ran - was that candidate incumbent 961071 Post. Unopposed race: Code of cand recalled as House incum 961072 Post. Does R recall which party was in majority in the House 961073 Post. Does R recall which party was in majority in the Senate 961074 Post. Did R vote 961075 Post. Was R registered 961076 Post. Is R registered to vote in county 961077 Post. (If not registered in county) What county registered in 961078 Post. Did R vote on Nov 5th or before that 961079 Post. (If before) How long before Nov 5th 961080 Post. Did R vote is person or by absentee ballot 961081 Post. Did R vote for candidate for president 961082 Post. Which presidential candidate did R vote for 961083 Post. Was R's preference for presidential candidate strong 961084 Post. How long before election had R decided who to vote for 961085 Post. If R had > 1 vote, who else would have voted for - #1 961086 Post. If R had > 1 vote, who else would have voted for - #2 961087 Post. Did R vote for U.S. House candidate 961088 Post. R's vote - U.S. House candidate - code 961089 Post. R's vote - U.S. House candidate - party 961090 Post. Was there a senate race in state of interview 961090A Post. Senate race in state of vote 961091 Post. Did R vote for a Senate candidate 961092 Post. R's vote - Senate - code 961093 Post. R's vote - Senate - party 961094 Post. #1 - Kansas Senate race - code 961095 Post. #1 - Kansas Senate race - party 961096 Post. #2 - Kansas Senate race - code 961097 Post. #2 - Kansas Senate race - party 961098 Post. (If R did not vote) Did R prefer a cand for president 961099 Post. (If R did not vote) Which candidate did R prefer 961100 Post. (If R did not vote) Was R's preference strong/not 961101 Post. (If R did not vote) Did R prefer candidate for House 961102 Post. (If R did not vote) Which House cand did R prefer - code 961103 Post. (If R did not vote) Which House cand R prefer - party 961104 Post. Assignment to half sample 961105 Post. Level of govt effort to protect the environment 961106 Post. Level of govt effort to reduce air pollution 961107 Post. Level of govt effort to manage natural resources 961108 Post. Level of govt effort to clean up lakes and parks 961109 Post. Level of govt effort to clean up toxic waste 961110 Post. Level of govt effort to clean up solid waste 961111 Post. Level of govt effort to address global warming 961112 Post. Trait: Clinton - moral 961113 Post. Certainty of Clinton - moral 961114 Post. Trait: Clinton - gets things done 961115 Post. Certainty of Clinton - gets things done 961116 Post. Trait: Dole - moral 961117 Post. Certainty of Dole - moral 961118 Post. Trait: Dole - gets things done 961119 Post. Certainty of Dole - gets things done 961120 Post. Trait: Perot - gets things done 961121 Post. Certainty of Perot - gets things done 961122 Post. Checkpoint: Running incumbent in R's district 961123 Post. Does R approve/disapprove of running House incumbent 961124 Post. Strength of R's approval/disapproval of House incumbent 961125 Post. Does R know the number yrs that incum has been in House 961126 Post. (If yes) How many years has incumbent been in House 961127 Post. (If DK) Has incum been in House less/about/more 12 yrs 961128 Post. How well has incumbent kept in touch with district 961129 Post. Does R know House incumbent's vote on welfare reform 961130 Post. (If DK) R's guess -House incumb vote on welfare reform 961131 Post. How often does R thinkHouse incumbent supports Clinton 961132 Post. (If more than half) Almost always 961133 Post. (If less than half) Almost never 961134 Post. How much does R follow government and public affairs 961135 Post. Checkpoint: Half-sample 961136 Post. What does R think is most imp prob facing country - #1 961137 Post. What does R think is most imp prob facing country - #2 961138 Post. What does R think is most imp prob facing country - #3 961139 Post. What does R think is most imp prob facing country - #4 961140 Post. Checkpoint: Number of mentions- 'Most important problem' 961141 Post. What does R think is the single most important problem 961142 Post. How does R think fed govt is handling most imp problem 961143 Post. Which party would do better job on most imp prob 961144 Post. Does R think: Less govt the better /govt should do more 961145 Post. Does R think: Strg govt for econ prob /free markts handle 961146 Post. Does R think: Govt big -too involved/govt big -probs big 961147 Post. Does R think: More import to be cooperative / self-reliant 961148 Post. How often does R watch 'Jeopardy' and 'Wheel of Fortune' 961149 Post. How often does R watch sports on TV 961150 Post. How often does R watch 'ER' on TV 961151 Post. How often does R watch 'Frasier' on TV 961152 Post. How often does R watch 'Dr. Quinn' on TV 961153 Post. How of does R watch 'Friends' on TV 961154 Post. How often does R watch 'Prime Time Live' on TV 961155 Post. Does R ever listen to political talk radio programs 961156 Post. How often does R listen to polit talk radio program 961157 Post. How much attention does R pay polit talk radio programs 961158 Post. Does R ever listen to Rush Limbaugh 961159 Post. How often does R listen to Rush Limbaugh 961160 Post. Does R have access to the Internet or the World Wide Web 961161 Post. Did R see any information about campaign on the Internet 961162 Post. Was R contacted by any political party 961163 Post. Which party contracted R 961164 Post. Did anyone else contact R about candidate in the election 961165 Post. Did R talk to others about voting for/against party or cand 961166 Post. Did R wear a button, place a sign, or put a sticker on car 961167 Post. Did R attend any meetings, speeches, rallies for cand 961168 Post. Did R work for any one of the parties or candidates 961169 Post. Did R contribute money to a candidate running for office 961170 Post. Which party the candidate that R contributed to belong 961171 Post. Did R give money to a polit cand during election year 961172 Post. Which party did R contribute money to 961173 Post. Did R give money to other group that supported/opposed cand 961174 Post. Did anyone talk to R about registering to vote 961175 Post. Did relig/moral group contact R about R's vote 961176 Post. Campaign information available at R's place of worship 961177 Post. Did R's clergy give advice to R on how to vote 961178 Post. Which candidate did R's clergy recommend - #1 mention 961179 Post. Which candidate did R's clergy recommend - #2 mention 961180 Post. Which candidate did R's clergy recommend - #3 mention 961181 Post. Checkpoint: Half-sample 961182 Post. Does R think there are imp diffs between Reps and Dems 961183 Post. Important difference: #1 mention 961183A Post. Important difference: Party reference - #1 mention 961184 Post. Important difference: #2 mention 961184A Post. Important difference: Party reference - #2 mention 961185 Post. Important difference: #3 mention 961185A Post. Important difference: Party reference - #3 mention 961186 Post. Important difference: #4 mention 961186A Post. Important difference: Party reference - #4 mention 961187 Post. Important difference: #5 mention 961187A Post. Important difference: Party reference - #5 mention 961188 Post. Important difference: #6 mention 961188A Post. Important difference: Party reference - #6 mention 961189 Post. Does R know what office Al Gore holds 961190 Post. Does R know what office William Rehnquist hold 961191 Post. Does R know what office Boris Yeltsin holds 961192 Post. Does R know what office Newt Gingrich holds 961193 Post. Does R favor/opp laws to protect homosexuals fr job discrim 961194 Post. How strongly favor/oppose laws protecting homosexuals 961195 Post. Does R think homosexuals should be allowed in the army 961196 Post. How strongly feel homosexuals serve / not serve in army 961197 Post. Does R favor or oppose the death penalty 961198 Post. How strongly favor /oppose death penalty 961199 Post. R agree/disagree: mothers w/ children should not work 961200 Post. Which level of govt should handle envir problems 961201 Post. Which level of govt should handle welfare 961202 Post. Which level of govt should handle crime 961203 Post. In which level govt does R have most faith /confidence 961204 Post. In which level govt does R have least faith / confidence 961205 Post. Does R have opinion: govt see to fair job treatmt for blacks 961206 Post. R opinion: govt see to fair job treatment for blacks 961207 Post. How strongly feel about fair job treat for blacks 961208 Post. Does R favor affirmative action in hiring and promotion 961209 Post. Does R favor/oppose affir action strongly / not strongly 961210 Post. R's position on aid to blacks - 7 point scale 961211 Post. Clinton's position on aid to blacks - 7 point scale 961212 Post. Dole's position on aid to blacks - 7 point scale 961213 Post. Perot's position on aid to blacks - 7 point scale 961214 Post. R's opinion on the issue of school prayer 961215 Post. Strength of R's position on school prayer 961216 Post. How afraid is R of being crime victim in the coming year 961217 Post. Does R favor / oppose handgun control 961218 Post. (Phone IW only) Does R have a handgun in the house 961219 Post. R favor increasing deficit to increase domestic programs 961220 Post. R favor cuts in domestic programs to cut taxes 961221 Post. R favor an increase in the deficit to cut taxes 961222 Post. How would R rate quality of air in our nation 961223 Post. How would R rate quality of air in R's local community 961224 Post. How would R rate quality of drinking water in our nation 961225 Post. How would R rate quality of drinking water in community 961226 Post. R favor tax increase to increase spending on domestic progs 961227 Post. R favor cuts in spending on domestic progs to cut taxes 961228 Post. Does R favor an increase in taxes to cut budget deficit 961229 Post. R opinion: Society should see to equal opportunity 961230 Post. R opinion: We have gone too far pushing equal rights 961231 Post. R opinion: Big problem is that we don't give an equal chance 961232 Post. R opinion: Better off if we worried less about equality 961233 Post. R opinion: Not a problem if not equal chance 961234 Post. R opinion: Fewer problems if people treated more equally 961235 Post. R opinion: One should help those less fortunate 961236 Post. R opinion: One should always be concerned with others 961237 Post. R opinion: It is best not to get involved helping others 961238 Post. R opinion: People pay too much attn to others' wellbeing 961239 Post. Which network does R think that Tom Brokaw works for 961240 Post. Which network does R think that Peter Jennings works for 961241 Post. Which network does R think that Dan Rather works for 961242 Post. Which network does R think that Bernard Shaw works for 961243 Post. What does R think of his/her financial situation 961244 Post. R opinion: pub officials don't care what people like R think 961245 Post. R opinion: People like R don't have much say in govt 961246 Post. R opinion: Politics and govt are too complicated 961247 Post. R opinion: Newer lifestyles contribute to social breakdown 961248 Post. R opinion: We should adjust moral behavior to world changes 961249 Post. R opinion: Fewer problems if more emphasis on trad'l family 961250 Post. R opinion: We should be more tolerant of other moral stds 961251 Post. How much of the time R trusts the govt to do what is right 961252 Post. How much of tax money does R think the govt wastes 961253 Post. Is govt run by a few big interests or the benefit of all 961254 Post. How many of the people in govt are crooked 961255 Post. How much does R think elections make govt pay attention 961256 Post. How much attention does govt pay to people in decisions 961257 Post. Does R have time to do volunteer work 961258 Post. Does R think that people can be trusted 961259 Post. Does R think that most people would take advantage of R 961260 Post. Does R talk to neighbors regularly 961261 Post. How many neighbors does R talk to regularly 961262 Post. Would R be willing to serve on a jury 961263 Post. Has R worked with others or in a community organization 961264 Post. Has R contributed money to church or charity last 12 months 961265 Post. R's tax burden up / down during the Clinton administration 961266 Post. Has R's tax burden gone up / done a lot / a little 961267 Post. Companies which discriminate shd have to have affirm action 961268 Post. Does R feel strong / not strong about forced affirm action 961269 Post. R's self-placement on lib-con 7 point scale 961270 Post. How certain is R of placement on lib-con scale 961271 Post. If R had to choose - placement on lib-con scale 961272 Post. Summary: Self-placement on lib-con scale 961273 Post. R's placement of Clinton - lib-con 7 point scale 961274 Post. How certain is R of Clinton's placement on lib-con 961275 Post. R' placement of Dole - lib-con 7 point scale 961276 Post. How certain is R of Dole's placement on lib-con 961277 Post. R's placement of Dem Hse cand - lib-con 7 point scale 961278 Post. How certain is R of Dem Hse cand placement 961279 Post. R's placement of Rep Hse cand - lib-con 7 point scale 961280 Post. How certain is R of Rep Hse cand placement 961281 Post. Does R feel that he/she pays the right amount in taxes 961282 Post. Does R have an opinion on the 15% tax cut issue 961283 Post. R's opinion on tax cut 961284 Post. What does R think that Clinton's position on tax cut is 961285 Post. What does R think that Dole's position on tax cut is 961286 Post. What does R think that Perot's position on tax cut is 961287 Post. Has R heard anything about the effects of a tax cut 961288 Post. Does R think that inflation would increase w/ tax cut 961289 Post. Does R think that employment would increase w/ tax cut 961290 Post. Does R think tax cut would benefit business more than R 961291 Post. Does R think services would be cut because of tax cut 961292 Post. Does R think deficit would increase because of tax cut 961293 Post. Does R think govt revenue be same even after tax cut 961294 Post. Does R feel close to poor people 961295 Post. Does R feel close to Asian-Americans 961296 Post. Does R feel close to liberals 961297 Post. Does R feel close to the elderly 961298 Post. Does R feel close to blacks 961299 Post. Does R feel close to labor unions 961300 Post. Does R feel close to feminists 961301 Post. Does R feel close to southerners 961302 Post. Does R feel close to business people 961303 Post. Does R feel close to young people 961304 Post. Does R feel close to conservatives 961305 Post. Does R feel close to Hispanic Americans 961306 Post. Does R feel close to women 961307 Post. Does R feel close to working-class people 961308 Post. Does R feel close to whites 961309 Post. Does R feel close to middle-class people 961310 Post. Does R feel close to men 961311 Post. Where would R rate whites on hardworking scale 961312 Post. Where would R rate blacks on hardworking scale 961313 Post. Where would R rate Hispanics on hardworking scale 961314 Post. Where would R rate whites on intelligent scale 961315 Post. Where would R rate blacks on intelligent scale 961316 Post. Where would R rate Hispanics on intelligent scale 961317 Post. Where would R rate whites on trustworthy scale 961318 Post. Where would R rate blacks on trustworthy scale 961319 Post. Where would R rate Hispanics on trustworthy scale 961320 Post. R position: Govt reduce diff betw rich/poor 7 point scale 961321 Post. R favor/opp welfare limit women having more children 961322 Post. Strength - position on limiting welfare for more children 961323 Post. Does R favor/oppose 2 year limit on welfare 961324 Post. Strength - position on 2 year limit on welfare 961325 Post. Should number of immigrants should be increase/decreased 961326 Post. Does R think immigrants should be eligible for benefits 961327 Post. Does R favor/oppose limiting imports 961328 Post. Which network new programs does R watch most often 961329 Post. Did R watch 1st presidential debate 961330 Post. Did R watch the entire debate or just part of it 961331 Post. Did R watch 2nd presidential debate 961332 Post. Did R watch the entire debate or just part of it 961333 Post. Did R read about the campaign in any magazine 961334 Post. R's attention to articles about campaign in magazines 961335 Post. Did R listen to speeches/discussions on the radio 961336 Post. How many programs did R listen to on the radio 961337 Post. R's attention to news about presidential campaign 961338 Post. R's attention to news about congressional campaign 961339 Post. How much of the time R trusts news media to report fairly 961340 Post. Does R think the political system should remain two party 961341 Post. How similar are R's beliefs to other people 961342 Post. Is R a smoker 961343 Post. Has R ever smoked 961344 Post. Number of labor unions R is involved with 961345 Post. Number of labor groups R is a member of 961346 Post. Number of labor unions groups R pays dues to 961347 Post. Number of labor unions groups R has had activities in 961348 Post. Number of labor unions groups which discuss politics 961349 Post. Number of business groups R is involved with 961350 Post. Number of business groups R is a member of 961351 Post. Number of business groups R pays dues to 961352 Post. Number of business groups R has had activities in 961353 Post. Number of business groups which discuss politics 961354 Post. Number of veterans groups R is involved with 961355 Post. Number of veterans groups R is a member of 961356 Post. Number of veterans groups R pays dues to 961357 Post. Number of veterans groups R has had activities in 961358 Post. Number of veterans groups which discuss politics 961359 Post. Number of church groups R is involved with 961360 Post. Number of church groups R is a member of 961361 Post. Number of church groups R pays dues to 961362 Post. Number of church groups R has had activities in 961363 Post. Number of church groups which discuss politics 961364 Post. Number of other religious groups R is involved with 961365 Post. Number of other religious groups R is a member of 961366 Post. Number of other religious groups R pays dues to 961367 Post. Number of other religious groups R has had activities in 961368 Post. Number of other religious groups which discuss politics 961369 Post. Number of elderly groups R is involved with 961370 Post. Number of elderly groups R is a member of 961371 Post. Number of elderly groups R pays dues to 961372 Post. Number of elderly groups R has had activities in 961373 Post. Number of elderly groups which discuss politics 961374 Post. Number of ethnic groups R is involved with 961375 Post. Number of ethnic groups R is a member of 961376 Post. Number of ethnic groups R pays dues to 961377 Post. Number of ethnic groups R has had activities in 961378 Post. Number of ethnic groups which discuss politics 961379 Post. Number of women's groups R is involved with 961380 Post. Number of women's groups R is a member of 961381 Post. Number of women's groups R pays dues to 961382 Post. Number of women's groups R has had activities in 961383 Post. Number of women's groups which discuss politics 961384 Post. Number of polit. issue groups R is involved with 961385 Post. Number of polit. issue groups R is a member of 961386 Post. Number of polit. issue groups R pays dues to 961387 Post. Number of polit. issue groups R has had activities in 961388 Post. Number of polit. issue groups which discuss politics 961389 Post. Number of civic groups R is involved with 961390 Post. Number of civic groups R is a member of 961391 Post. Number of civic groups R pays dues to 961392 Post. Number of civic groups R has had activities in 961393 Post. Number of civic groups which discuss politics 961394 Post. Number of liberal/conserv groups R is involved with 961395 Post. Number of liberal/conserv groups R is a member of 961396 Post. Number of liberal/conserv groups R pays dues to 961397 Post. Number of liberal/conserv groups R has had activities in 961398 Post. Number of liberal/conserv groups which discuss politics 961399 Post. Number of party/cand groups R is involved with 961400 Post. Number of party/cand groups R is a member of 961401 Post. Number of party/cand groups R pays dues to 961402 Post. Number of party/cand groups R has had activities in 961403 Post. Number of party/cand groups which discuss politics 961404 Post. Number of children's groups R is involved with 961405 Post. Number of children's groups R is a member of 961406 Post. Number of children's groups R pays dues to 961407 Post. Number of children's groups R has had activities in 961408 Post. Number of children's groups which discuss politics 961409 Post. Number of literary/art groups R is involved with 961410 Post. Number of literary/art groups R is a member of 961411 Post. Number of literary/art groups R pays dues to 961412 Post. Number of literary/art groups R has had activities in 961413 Post. Number of literary/art groups which discuss politics 961414 Post. Number of hobby groups R is involved with 961415 Post. Number of hobby groups R is a member of 961416 Post. Number of hobby groups R pays dues to 961417 Post. Number of hobby groups R has had activities in 961418 Post. Number of hobby groups which discuss politics 961419 Post. Number of community groups R is involved with 961420 Post. Number of community groups R is a member of 961421 Post. Number of community groups R pays dues to 961422 Post. Number of community groups R has had activities in 961423 Post. Number of community groups which discuss politics 961424 Post. Number of fraternal groups R is involved with 961425 Post. Number of fraternal groups R is a member of 961426 Post. Number of fraternal groups R pays dues to 961427 Post. Number of fraternal groups R has had activities in 961428 Post. Number of fraternal groups which discuss politics 961429 Post. Number of service to needy groups R is involved with 961430 Post. Number of service to needy groups R is a member of 961431 Post. Number of service to needy groups R pays dues to 961432 Post. Number of service to needy groups R has had activities in 961433 Post. Number of service to needy groups which discuss politics 961434 Post. Number of educational groups R is involved with 961435 Post. Number of educational groups R is a member of 961436 Post. Number of educational groups R pays dues to 961437 Post. Number of educational groups R has had activities in 961438 Post. Number of educational groups which discuss politics 961439 Post. Number of cultural groups R is involved with 961440 Post. Number of cultural groups R is a member of 961441 Post. Number of cultural groups R pays dues to 961442 Post. Number of cultural groups R has had activities in 961443 Post. Number of cultural groups which discuss politics 961444 Post. Number of self-help groups R is involved with 961445 Post. Number of self-help groups R is a member of 961446 Post. Number of self-help groups R pays dues to 961447 Post. Number of self-help groups R has had activities in 961448 Post. Number of self-help groups which discuss politics 961449 Post. Number of other groups R is involved with 961450 Post. Number of other groups R is a member of 961451 Post. Number of other groups R pays dues to 961452 Post. Number of other groups R has had activities in 961453 Post. Number of other groups which discuss politics 961454 Post. Total Number of groups R is involved in 961455 Post. Total Number of groups R is a member of 961456 Post. Total Number of groups R pays dues to 961457 Post. Total Number of groups R has had activities in 961458 Post. Total Number of R groups which discuss politics 961459 Post. Is R satisfied with the way that democracy works in the US 961460 Post. Does R think that the last election was conducted fairly 961461 Post. Does R think to self as close to a particular party 961462 Post. Which party does R think of self as close to - #1 961463 Post. Which party does R think of self as close to - #2 961464 Post. Checkpoint: Number of parties that R feels close to 961465 Post. Does R feel a little closer to one of the parties 961466 Post. Which party does R feel closer to 961467 Post. Strength of R's to closeness to political party 961468 Post. R self placement on scale -'party cares what people think' 961469 Post. Where does R place self on need for polit. parties scale 961470 Post. R's placement of Dem party on like / dislike scale 961471 Post. R's placement of Rep party on like / dislike scale 961472 Post. R's placement of Reform party on like / dislike scale 961473 Post. R's placement of Clinton on like / dislike scale 961474 Post. R's placement of Dole on like / dislike scale 961475 Post. R's placement of Perot on like / dislike scale 961476 Post. How would R rate the state of the economy in the US 961477 Post. Has the state of the economy gotten better / worse / same 961478 Post. Has economy gotten much better / much worse 961479 Post. R's placement on 'Congress knows what people think' scale 961480 Post. Has R had contact with a member of Congress 961481 Post. R's placement on 'make difference who is in power' scale 961482 Post. R's placement on 'voting makes a difference' scale 961483 Post. R's placement on 'people say what they think' scale 961484 Post. R's placement on left / right scale 961485 Post. Position of House candidates in Thermometers 961486 Post. Position of Supreme Court in Thermometers 961487 Post. Position of Congress in Thermometers 961488 Post. Position of the Military in Thermometers 961489 Post. Position of Federal Govt in Thermometers 961490 Post. Position of Blacks in Thermometers 961491 Post. Position of Whites in Thermometers 961492 Post. Position of Conservatives in Thermometers 961493 Post. Position of Liberals in Thermometers 961494 Post. Position of Labor Unions in Thermometers 961495 Post. Position of Big Business in Thermometers 961496 Post. Position of Poor People in Thermometers 961497 Post. Position of People on Welfare in Thermometers 961498 Post. Position of Hispanics in Thermometers 961499 Post. Position of Christian Fundamentalists in Thermometers 961500 Post. Position of Women's Movement in Thermometers 961501 Post. Position of Older People in Thermometers 961502 Post. Position of Environmentalists in Thermometers 961503 Post. Position of Gay Men and Lesbians in Thermometers 961504 Post. Position of Christian Coalition in Thermometers 961505 Post. Order of House candidates in Likes/Dislikes 961506 Post. Order of Clinton and Dole in Traits 961507 Post. Order of Clinton, Dole, Perot in Aid to Blacks scale 961508 Post. Order of Clinton and Dole in Liberal/Conserv scale 961509 Post. Order of House candidates in Liberal/Conserv scale 961510 Post. Order of Clinton, Dole, Perot in Tax Cut scale 961511 Post. Order of Blacks and Hispanics in Hardworking scale 961512 Post. Order of Blacks and Hispanics in Intelligent scale 961513 Post. Order of Blacks and Hispanics in Trustworthy scale 967000A Congressional district number 967000B FIPS state code 967000C ICPSR state code 967000D FIPS state and county code 967000E State abbreviation 967001 Number of Democrats in lower state house 1994 967002 Number of Republicans in lower state house 1994 967003 Number of Democrats in upper state house 1994 967004 Number of Republicans in upper state house 1994 967005 Party of state governor pre-election 1996 967006 State percent vote for Clinton 1992 967007 State percent vote for Bush 1992 967008 State percent vote for Perot 1992 967009 Number of U.S. House districts in state 967010 Number of Democrats U.S. House pre-election 1996 967011 Number of Republicans U.S. House pre-election 1996 967012 Erikson-Wright-McIver percent Democrats in state 967013 Erikson-Wright-McIver percent Republicans in state 967014 Erikson-Wright-McIver percent liberals in state 967015 Erikson-Wright-McIver percent conservatives in state 967016 Name of Senator #1 967017 Party of Senator #1 967018 Is Senator #1 running for reelection? 967019 Name of Senator #2 967020 Party of Senator #2 967021 Is Senator #2 running for reelection? 967022 Senator #1 1995 Natl Jrnl economic liberalism score 967023 Senator #1 1995 Natl Jrnl social liberalism score 967024 Senator #1 1995 Natl Jrnl foreign liberalism score 967025 Senator #1 1995 Natl Jrnl economic conservatism score 967026 Senator #1 1995 Natl Jrnl social conservatism score 967027 Senator #1 1995 Natl Jrnl foreign conservatism score 967028 Senator #1 1995 U.S. Chamber of Commerce score 967029 Senator #1 1995 Party unity support score 967030 Senator #1 1995 Party unity opposition score 967031 Senator #1 1995 Party unity adjusted support score 967032 Senator #1 1995 Presidential support score 967033 Senator #1 1995 Presidential opposition score 967034 Senator #1 1995 Presidential adjusted support score 967035 Senator #1 1995 Conserv coalition support score 967036 Senator #1 1995 Conserv coalition opposition score 967037 Senator #1 1995 Conserv coalition adjusted support 967038 Senator #1 1995 Americans for Democratic Action score 967039 Senator #1 1996 Natl Jrnl economic liberalism score 967040 Senator #1 1996 Natl Jrnl social liberalism score 967041 Senator #1 1996 Natl Jrnl foreign liberalism score 967042 Senator #1 1996 Natl Jrnl economic conservatism score 967043 Senator #1 1996 Natl Jrnl social conservatism score 967044 Senator #1 1996 Natl Jrnl foreign conservatism score 967045 Senator #1 1996 U.S. Chamber of Commerce score 967046 Senator #1 1996 Party unity support score 967047 Senator #1 1996 Party unity opposition score 967048 Senator #1 1996 Party unity adjusted support score 967049 Senator #1 1996 Presidential support score 967050 Senator #1 1996 Presidential opposition score 967051 Senator #1 1996 Presidential adjusted support score 967052 Senator #1 1996 Conserv coalition support score 967053 Senator #1 1996 Conserv coalition opposition score 967054 Senator #1 1996 Conserv coalition adjusted support 967055 Senator #1 1996 Americans for Democratic Action score 967056 Senator #2 1995 Natl Jrnl economic liberalism score 967057 Senator #2 1995 Natl Jrnl social liberalism score 967058 Senator #2 1995 Natl Jrnl foreign liberalism score 967059 Senator #2 1995 Natl Jrnl economic conservatism score 967060 Senator #2 1995 Natl Jrnl social conservatism score 967061 Senator #2 1995 Natl Jrnl foreign conservatism score 967062 Senator #2 1995 U.S. Chamber of Commerce score 967063 Senator #2 1995 Party unity support score 967064 Senator #2 1995 Party unity opposition score 967065 Senator #2 1995 Party unity adjusted support score 967066 Senator #2 1995 Presidential support score 967067 Senator #2 1995 Presidential opposition score 967068 Senator #2 1995 Presidential adjusted support score 967069 Senator #2 1995 Conserv coalition support score 967070 Senator #2 1995 Conserv coalition opposition score 967071 Senator #2 1995 Conserv coalition adjusted support 967072 Senator #2 1995 Americans for Democratic Action score 967073 Senator #2 1996 Natl Jrnl economic liberalism score 967074 Senator #2 1996 Natl Jrnl social liberalism score 967075 Senator #2 1996 Natl Jrnl foreign liberalism score 967076 Senator #2 1996 Natl Jrnl economic conservatism score 967077 Senator #2 1996 Natl Jrnl social conservatism score 967078 Senator #2 1996 Natl Jrnl foreign conservatism score 967079 Senator #2 1996 U.S. Chamber of Commerce score 967080 Senator #2 1996 Party unity support score 967081 Senator #2 1996 Party unity opposition score 967082 Senator #2 1996 Party unity adjusted support score 967083 Senator #2 1996 Presidential support score 967084 Senator #2 1996 Presidential opposition score 967085 Senator #2 1996 Presidential adjusted support score 967086 Senator #2 1996 Conserv coalition support score 967087 Senator #2 1996 Conserv coalition opposition score 967088 Senator #2 1996 Conserv coalition adjusted support 967089 Senator #2 1996 Americans for Democratic Action score 967090 CQ pre-election Senate race outlook 967091 Democratic Senate candidate prior political experience 967092 Republican Senate candidate prior political experience 967093 Kansas race #2: Democratic political experience 967094 Kansas race #2: Republican political experience 967095 Total votes cast for Democratic Senate candidate 1996 967096 Total votes cast for Republican Senate candidate 1996 967097 Total votes cast in Senate race 1996 967098 Kansas race #2: Total votes Democratic candidate 967099 Kansas race #2: Total votes Republican candidate 967100 Kansas race #2: Total votes cast in Senate race 967101 Campaign receipts by Democratic Senate candidate 1996 967102 Campaign expenditures by Democratic Senate candidate 967103 Campaign receipts by Republican Senate candidate 1996 967104 Campaign expenditures by Republican Senate candidate 967105 Kansas race #2: Democratic campaign receipts 967106 Kansas race #2: Democratic campaign expenditures 967107 Kansas race #2: Republican campaign receipts 967108 Kansas race #2: Republican campaign expenditures 967109 House incumbents party 967110 Year House incumbent was first elected 967111 House incumbents seniority in party 967112 House incumbents sex 967113 House incumbents race 967114 House incumbents number of district offices 967115 House incumbent 1995 Natl Jrnl economic liberalism 967116 House incumbent 1995 Natl Jrnl social liberalism 967117 House incumbent 1995 Natl Jrnl foreign liberalism 967118 House incumbent 1995 Natl Jrnl economic conservatism 967119 House incumbent 1995 Natl Jrnl social conservatism 967120 House incumbent 1995 Natl Jrnl foreign conservatism 967121 House incumbent 1995 U.S. Chamber of Commerce score 967122 House incumbent 1995 Party unity support score 967123 House incumbent 1995 Party unity opposition score 967124 House incumbent 1995 Party unity adjusted support score 967125 House incumbent 1995 Presidential support score 967126 House incumbent 1995 Presidential opposition score 967127 House incumbent 1995 Presidential adjusted support 967128 House incumbent 1995 Conserv coalition support score 967129 House incumbent 1995 Conserv coalition opposition score 967130 House incumbent 1995 Conserv coalition adjusted support 967131 House incumbent 1995 ADA score 967132 House incumbent 1995 League of Cons Voters score 967133 House incumbent 1996 Natl Jrnl economic liberalism 967134 House incumbent 1996 Natl Jrnl social liberalism 967135 House incumbent 1996 Natl Jrnl foreign liberalism 967136 House incumbent 1996 Natl Jrnl economic conservatism 967137 House incumbent 1996 Natl Jrnl social conservatism 967138 House incumbent 1996 Natl Jrnl foreign conservatism 967139 House incumbent 1996 U.S. Chamber of Commerce score 967140 House incumbent 1996 Party unity support score 967141 House incumbent 1996 Party unity opposition score 967142 House incumbent 1996 Party unity adjusted support score 967143 House incumbent 1996 Presidential support score 967144 House incumbent 1996 Presidential opposition score 967145 House incumbent 1996 Presidential adjusted support 967146 House incumbent 1996 Conserv coalition support score 967147 House incumbent 1996 Conserv coalition opposition score 967148 House incumbent 1996 Conserv coalition adjusted support 967149 House incumbent 1996 ADA score 967150 House incumbent 1996 League of Cons Voters score 967151 House incumbent Committee assignment #1 967152 House incumbent rank on Committee #1 967153 House incumbent Committee assignment #2 967154 House incumbent rank on Committee #2 967155 House incumbent Committee assignment #3 967156 House incumbent rank on Committee #3 967157 CQ pre-election House race outlook 967158 Democratic House candidate political experience 1996 967159 Republican House candidate political experience 1996 967160 Total votes cast for Democratic House candidate 1996 967161 Total votes cast for Republican House candidate 1996 967162 Total votes cast in House race 1996 967163 Campaign receipts by Democratic House candidate 1996 967164 Campaign expenditures by Democratic House candidate 967165 Campaign receipts by Republican House candidate 1996 967166 Campaign expenditures by Republican House candidate 967167 Total votes cast for Democratic House candidate 1994 967168 Total votes cast for Republican House candidate 1994 967169 Total votes cast in House race 1994 967170 Total votes House district Democratic presidential 1992 967171 Total votes House district Republican presidential 1992 967172 Total votes House district presidential election 1992 967173 Estimated number of DMA households in House district 967174 Estimated average DMA cost per point in House district 967175 Est DMA Early News cost per point in House district 967176 Est DMA Prime Access cost per point House district 967177 Est DMA Prime Time cost per point in House district 967178 Est DMA Late News cost per point in House district 967179 County percent vote for Clinton 1992 967180 County percent vote for Bush 1992 967181 County percent vote for Perot 1992 967182 Estimated number of DMA households 967183 Estimated average DMA cost per point 967184 Estimated DMA Early News cost per point 967185 Estimated DMA Prime Access cost per point 967186 Estimated DMA Prime Time cost per point 967187 Estimated DMA Late News cost per point