From a sample of respondents from the 1984 NES Pre-Post Study selected for the 1985 pilot study, 15 replicates were drawn. Replicates 1-10 represent the cross-section, and replicates 11-15 constitute an oversample of elderly (over 60). The 1985 study was carried out, via telephone interviews, in two waves. Wave I (November 11 to December 13) encompassed 429 interviews, and Wave II (December 6, 1985, to January 16, 1986) obtained 345 reinterviews. Each wave used two questionnaires, Form A and Form B, administered to different half-samples (randomly assigned). Sample also limtited to those 1984 respondents who completed a pre- and a post- election interview and had a telephone.

Measures of political knowledge; group identification of elderly, blacks, and women; attitudes toward racial groups, and opinions on traditional moral values; important positions of U.S. Senators and Representatives; political mobilization; civic duty; experiments on question wording and format. EXPERIMENTS: Civic duty items: half sample received standard NES questions (these are agree/disagree) and other half received these questions in a quantitative format, measuring either "how often" or "how strongly." Proximities (placements) of presidential candidates on seven- point issue scales asked immediately after asking for respondent's (self) placement -- versus, placing the presidential candidates several minutes after asking for respondent's placement of him/herself. Framing experiment on two racial policy questions:"giving blacks advantages they haven't earned" versus "discrimination against whites". Asking half the sample about the problem of "inflation" in the last year versus asking about the cost of living relative to R's income over the last year.

Special Content: Measures of political knowledge; group identification for elderly, blacks, and women; attitudes toward racial groups and opinions on traditional moral values; important positions of U.S. Senators and Representatives; political mobilization; civic duty; experiments on question wording and format.

Design Features: From a sample of respondents from the 1984 NES Pre-Post Study selected for the 1985 pilot study, 15 replicates were drawn. Replicates 1-10 represent the cross-section, and replicates 11-15 constitute an oversample of elderly (over 60). The 1985 study was carried out, via telephone interviews, in two waves. Wave I (November 11 to December 13) encompassed 429 interviews, and Wave II (December 6, 1985, to January 16, 1986) obtained 345 reinterviews. Each wave used two questionnaires, Form A and Form B, administered to different half-samples (randomly assigned). Sample also limtited to those 1984 respondents who completed a pre- and a post- election interview and had a telephone.